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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K
(mark one)
x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011
OR
 
¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	
For the transition period from             to            
Commission file number 1-11406
KADANT INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	 	52-1762325	
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	
One Technology Park Drive
Westford, Massachusetts	 	01886	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (978) 776-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	 	Name of each exchange on which registered	
Common Stock, $.01 par value	 	New York Stock Exchange	
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes    ¨    No    x
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes    ¨    No    x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes     x     No     ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes     x     No     ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer    ¨	  	      Accelerated filer    x	
Non-accelerated filer    ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	  	      Smaller reporting company    ¨	
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes    ¨    No    x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by nonaffiliates of the Registrant as of July 2, 2011, was approximately $381,910,000.
As of February 17, 2012, the Registrant had 11,646,703 shares of Common Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to be used in connection with the Registrant’s 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

Table of Contents
Kadant Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011
Table of Contents

 	 	 	  	Page	
 	
PART I	
Item 1.	 	Business	  	1	
Item 1A.	 	Risk Factors	  	7	
Item 1B.	 	Unresolved Staff Comments	  	15	
Item 2.	 	Properties	  	15	
Item 3.	 	Legal Proceedings	  	16	
Item 4.	 	Mine Safety Disclosures	  	16	
 	
PART II	
Item 5.	 	Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	  	17	
Item 6.	 	Selected Financial Data	  	19	
Item 7.	 	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	  	19	
Item 7A.	 	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	  	38	
Item 8.	 	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	  	39	
Item 9.	 	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	  	39	
Item 9A.	 	Controls and Procedures	  	40	
Item 9B.	 	Other Information	  	40	
 	
PART III	
Item 10.	 	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance	  	41	
Item 11.	 	Executive Compensation	  	41	
Item 12.	 	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	  	41	
Item 13.	 	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	  	42	
Item 14.	 	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	  	42	
 	
PART IV	
Item 15.	 	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	  	42	

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Kadant Inc.	  	 	2011 Annual Report	  	
PART I
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents that we incorporate by reference in this Report include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, and may include statements regarding possible or assumed future results of operations. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management, using information currently available to our management. When we use words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “should,” “likely,” “will,” “would,” “may,” “continue,” “could,” or similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our future results of operations may differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Many of the important factors that will determine these results and values are beyond our ability to control or predict. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. For a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements, you should read carefully the section captioned “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, of this Report.
 
Item 1.	Business	
General Development of Business
We were incorporated in Delaware in November 1991 to be the successor-in-interest to several papermaking equipment businesses of Thermo Electron Corporation (Thermo Electron). In November 1992, we completed an initial public offering of a portion of our outstanding common stock. On July 12, 2001, we changed our name to Kadant Inc. from Thermo Fibertek Inc. In August 2001, Thermo Electron disposed of its remaining equity interest in Kadant Inc. by means of a stock dividend to its shareholders. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, where it trades under the symbol “KAI.”
The terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Registrant,” or “Company” in this Report refer to Kadant Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Description of Our Business
We are a leading supplier of equipment used in the global papermaking and paper recycling industries and a manufacturer of granules made from papermaking byproducts. Our continuing operations are comprised of one reportable operating segment: Papermaking Systems, and a separate product line, Fiber-based Products. Through our Papermaking Systems segment, we develop, manufacture, and market a range of equipment and products for the global papermaking, paper recycling, and process industries. We have a large customer base that includes most of the world’s major paper manufacturers. We believe our large installed base provides us with a spare parts and consumables business that yields higher margins than our capital equipment business.
On May 27, 2011, our Kadant Johnson Europe B.V. subsidiary acquired all the stock of m-clean papertech holding AB (M-Clean), a European-based supplier of equipment used to clean paper machine fabrics and rolls. The aggregate purchase price for this acquisition was $16.1 million. The purchase price included $0.9 million of cash acquired and $0.5 million of debt assumed. We believe that the acquisition of this business will enhance our Papermaking Systems segment’s water management product offerings, strengthen our market position in Europe and China, and offer growth opportunities in North America.
Through our Fiber-based Products business, we manufacture and sell granules derived from pulp fiber for use as carriers for agricultural, home lawn and garden, and professional lawn, turf and ornamental applications, as well as for oil and grease absorption.
 
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Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Annual Report	
 
Papermaking Systems
Our Papermaking Systems segment has a long and well-established history of developing, manufacturing, and marketing equipment for the global papermaking and paper recycling industries. Some of our businesses or their predecessor companies have been in operation for more than 100 years. Our customer base includes major global paper manufacturers and with our equipment found in most of the world’s pulp and paper mills, we believe we have one of the largest installed bases of equipment in the pulp and paper industry. We manufacture our products in nine countries in Europe, North and South America, and Asia.
Our Papermaking Systems segment consists of the following product lines: stock-preparation, fluid-handling, doctoring, and water-management.
Stock-preparation
We develop, manufacture, and market complete custom-engineered systems and equipment, as well as standard individual components, for pulping, de-inking, screening, cleaning, and refining recycled and virgin fibers for preparation for entry into the paper machine. Our principal stock-preparation products include:
 	–	Recycling and approach flow systems: Our equipment includes pulping, screening, cleaning, and de-inking systems that blend pulp mixtures and remove contaminants, such as ink, glue, metals, and other impurities, to prepare them for entry into the paper machine during the production of recycled paper.	
 	–	Virgin pulping process equipment: Our equipment includes pulp washing, evaporator, recausticizing, and condensate treatment systems used to remove lignin, concentrate and recycle process chemicals, and remove condensate gases.	
Fluid-handling
We develop, manufacture and market rotary joints, precision unions, steam and condensate systems, components, and controls used primarily in the dryer section of the papermaking process and during the production of corrugated boxboard, metals, plastics, rubber, textiles, chemicals, and food. Our principal fluid-handling systems include:
 	–	Rotary joints: Our mechanical devices, used with rotating shafts, allow the transfer of pressurized fluid from a stationary source into and out of rotating machinery for heating, cooling, or the transfer of fluid power.	
 	–	Syphons: Our devices, installed primarily inside the rotating cylinders of paper machines, are used to remove condensate from the drying cylinders through rotary joints located on either end of the cylinder.	
 	–	Turbulator® bars: Our steel or stainless steel axial bars, installed on the inside of cylinders, are used to induce turbulence in the condensate layer to improve the uniformity and rate of heat transfer through the cylinders.	
 	–	Engineered steam and condensate systems: Our steam systems control the flow of steam from the boiler to the paper drying cylinders, collect condensed steam, and return it to the boiler to improve energy efficiency during the paper drying process. Our systems and equipment are also used to efficiently and effectively distribute steam in a wide variety of industrial processing applications.	
Doctoring
We develop, manufacture, and market a wide range of doctoring systems and related consumables that continuously clean rolls to keep paper machines running efficiently; doctor blades made of a variety of materials to perform functions including cleaning, creping, web removal, flaking, and the application of coatings; and profiling systems that control moisture, web curl, and gloss during paper converting. Our principal doctoring products include:
 	–	Doctor systems and holders: Our doctor systems clean papermaking rolls to maintain the efficient operation of paper machines and other equipment by placing a blade against the roll at a constant and uniform pressure. A doctor system consists of the structure supporting the blade and the blade holder. A large paper machine may have as many as 100 doctor systems.	
 
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Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Annual Report	
 
 	–	Profiling systems: We offer profiling systems that control moisture, web curl, and gloss during paper converting.	
 	–	Doctor blades: We manufacture doctor and scraper blades made of a variety of materials including metal, bi-metal, or synthetic materials that perform a variety of functions including cleaning, creping, web removal, flaking, and the application of coatings. A typical doctor blade has a life ranging from eight hours to two months, depending on the application.	
Water-management
We develop, manufacture, and market water-management systems and equipment used to continuously clean paper machine fabrics and rolls, drain water from pulp mixtures, form the sheet or web, and filter the process water for reuse. Our principal water-management systems include:
 	–	Shower and fabric-conditioning systems: Our shower and fabric-conditioning systems assist in the removal of contaminants that collect on paper machine fabrics used to convey the paper web through the forming, pressing, and drying sections of the paper machine. A typical paper machine has between 3 and 12 fabrics. These fabrics can easily become contaminated with fiber, fillers, pitch, and dirt that can have a detrimental effect on paper machine performance and paper quality. Our shower and fabric-conditioning systems assist in the removal of these contaminants.	
 	–	Formation systems: We supply structures that drain, purify, and recycle process water from the pulp mixture during paper sheet and web formation.	
 	–	Water-filtration systems: We offer a variety of filtration systems and strainers that remove contaminants from process water before reuse and recover reusable fiber for recycling back into the pulp mixture.	
Fiber-based Products
We produce biodegradable, absorbent granules from papermaking byproducts for use primarily as carriers for agricultural, home lawn and garden, and professional lawn, turf and ornamental applications, as well as for oil and grease absorption.
Discontinued Operation
In 2005, our Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary (Composites LLC) sold substantially all of its assets to a third party. Under the terms of the asset purchase agreement, Composites LLC retained certain liabilities associated with the operation of the business prior to the sale, including the warranty obligations related to products manufactured prior to the sale date. All activity related to this business is classified in the results of the discontinued operation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
On October 24, 2011, we, our Composites LLC subsidiary, and other co-defendants entered into an agreement to settle a nationwide class action lawsuit related to defective composites decking building products manufactured by Composites LLC between April 2002 and October 2003. For more information regarding litigation arising from these claims, see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”
Research and Development
We develop a broad range of products for all facets of the markets we serve. We operate research and development facilities in Europe and the U.S., and focus our product innovation on process industry challenges and the need for improved fiber processing, heat transfer, showering, filtration, doctoring, and fluid handling. In addition to internal product development activities, our research centers allow customers to simulate their own operating conditions and applications to identify and quantify opportunities for improvement.
 
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Our research and development expenses were $5.7 million, $5.3 million, and $5.6 million in 2011*, 2010, and 2009, respectively.
Raw Materials
The primary raw materials used in our Papermaking Systems segment are steel, stainless steel, ductile iron, brass, and bronze, which have generally been available through a number of suppliers. To date, we have not needed to maintain raw material inventories in excess of our current needs to ensure availability.
The raw material used in the manufacture of our fiber-based granules is obtained from two paper recycling mills. Although we believe that our relationships with the mills are good, the mills may not continue to supply sufficient raw material. From time to time, we have experienced some difficulty in obtaining sufficient raw material to operate at optimal production levels. We continue to work with the mills to ensure a stable supply of raw material. To date, we have been able to meet all of our customer delivery requirements, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet future delivery requirements. If the mills were unable or unwilling to supply us sufficient fiber, we would be forced to find one or more alternative suppliers for this raw material.
Patents, Licenses, and Trademarks
We protect our intellectual property rights by applying for and obtaining patents when appropriate. We also rely on technical know-how, trade secrets, and trademarks to maintain our competitive position. We also enter into license agreements with others to grant and/or receive rights to patents and know-how. No particular patent, or related group of patents, is so important that its expiration or loss would significantly affect our operations.
Papermaking Systems
We have numerous U.S. and foreign patents, including foreign counterparts to our U.S. patents, expiring on various dates ranging from 2012 to 2031. From time to time, we enter into licenses of products with other companies that serve the pulp, papermaking, converting, and paper recycling industries.
Fiber-based Products
We currently hold several U.S. patents, expiring on various dates ranging from 2012 to 2026, related to various aspects of the processing of fiber-based granules and the use of these materials in the agricultural, professional turf, home lawn and garden, general absorption, oil and grease absorption, and catbox filler markets.
Seasonal Influences
Papermaking Systems
There are no material seasonal influences on this segment’s sales of products and services.
Fiber-based Products
Our Fiber-based Products business experiences fluctuations in sales, usually in the third and fourth quarters, when sales decline due to the seasonality of the agricultural and home lawn and garden markets.
Working Capital Requirements
There are no special inventory requirements or credit terms extended to customers that would have a material adverse effect on our working capital.
 
* 	Unless otherwise noted, references to 2011, 2010, and 2009 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011, January 1, 2011, and January 2, 2010, respectively.	
 
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Dependency on a Single Customer
No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenues or more than 10% of the Papermaking Systems segment’s revenues in any of the past three years. During 2011, 2010, and 2009, approximately 63%, 58%, and 59%, respectively, of our sales were to customers outside the United States, principally in Europe and China.
Backlog
Our backlog of firm orders for the Papermaking Systems segment was $106.1 million and $92.7 million at year-end 2011 and 2010, respectively. The total consolidated backlog of firm orders was $107.7 million and $94.3 million at year-end 2011 and 2010, respectively. We anticipate that substantially all of the backlog at year-end 2011 will be shipped or completed during the next 12 months. Some of these orders can be canceled by the customer upon payment of a cancellation fee.
Competition
We face significant competition in each of our principal markets. We compete primarily on the basis of quality, price, service, technical expertise, and product performance and innovation. We believe the reputation that we have established for quality products and in-depth process knowledge provides us with a competitive advantage. In addition, a significant portion of our business is generated from our existing worldwide customer base. To maintain this base, we have emphasized technology, service, and a problem-solving relationship with our customers.
We are a leading supplier of stock-preparation systems and equipment used for the preparation of recycled and virgin fibers in the production of paper, tissue, and paperboard. Several major competitors supply various pieces of equipment for this process. Our principal global competitors in this market are Voith Paper GmbH, Metso Corporation, and Maschinenfabrik Andritz AG. We compete in this market primarily on the basis of technical expertise, price, and product innovation. There are other competitors that specialize in segments within the white- and brown-paper markets.
We are a leading supplier of fluid-handling systems and equipment, offering global sales and service, application expertise, and an extensive rotary joint product line. There are numerous competitors in this market, including Deublin Company, Barco Company, Christian Maier GmbH & Co. KG, and Duff-Norton Company. In addition, we compete with numerous local competitors. We generally compete in this market based on process knowledge, technical competence, price, and product and service quality.
We are a leading supplier of doctoring systems and equipment for paper machines. Our principal global competitors in this market are Joh. Clouth GmbH & Co. KG, Metso Corporation, and Bonetti, S.p.A. Because of the high capital cost of paper machines and the role of our doctoring equipment in maintaining the efficiency of these machines, we generally compete in this market on the basis of service, technical expertise, price, and performance.
In our water-management product line, various competitors exist in the formation, shower and fabric-conditioning systems, and filtration systems markets. Principal competitors are Metso Corporation, Voith Paper GmbH, IBS-Paper Performance Group in formation, shower and fabric-conditioning systems, AstenJohnson’s Paperchine subsidiary in formation tables, and Spraying Systems Co. in shower systems. In addition, a variety of companies compete within the shower and fabric-conditioning systems and filtration systems markets. In each of these markets, we generally compete on the basis of process knowledge, application experience, product quality, price, and service.
Environmental Protection Regulations
We believe that our compliance with federal, state, and local environmental protection regulations will not have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position.
 
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Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Annual Report	
 
Employees
As of year-end 2011, we had approximately 1,700 employees worldwide.
Financial Information
Financial information concerning our segment and product lines is summarized in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, which begin on page F-1 of this Report.
Financial information about exports by domestic operations and about foreign operations is summarized in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, which begin on page F-1 of this Report.
Available Information
We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Exchange Act. The public may read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, the SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC at www.sec.gov. We also make available free of charge through our website at www.kadant.com our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and, if applicable, amendments to these Reports filed with or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. We are not including the information contained in our website as part of this Report nor are we incorporating the information on our website into this Report by reference.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
The following table summarizes certain information concerning individuals who are our executive officers as of March 1, 2012:

Name	  	Age	 	  	Present Title (Fiscal Year First Became Executive Officer)	
Jonathan W. Painter	  	 	53	  	  	President and Chief Executive Officer (1997)	
Eric T. Langevin	  	 	49	  	  	Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (2006)	
Thomas M. O’Brien	  	 	60	  	  	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (1994)	
Jeffrey L. Powell	  	 	53	  	  	Senior Vice President (2009)	
Sandra L. Lambert	  	 	56	  	  	Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary (2001)	
Michael J. McKenney	  	 	50	  	  	Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer (2002)	
Mr. Painter has been our chief executive officer and a director since January 2010 and our president since September 1, 2009. Between 1997 and September 2009, Mr. Painter served as an executive vice president and from March 2007 through September 2009 had supervisory responsibility for our stock-preparation and fiber-based products businesses. He served as president of our composite building products business from 2001 until its sale in 2005. He also served as our treasurer and the treasurer of Thermo Electron from 1994 until 1997. Prior to 1994, Mr. Painter held various managerial positions with us and Thermo Electron.
Mr. Langevin has been an executive vice president and our chief operating officer since January 2010. Prior to January 2010, Mr. Langevin had been a senior vice president since March 2007 and had supervisory responsibility for our paperline business, consisting of our doctoring, fluid-handling, and water-management product lines. He served as vice president, with responsibility for our doctoring and water-management product lines, from 2006 to 2007. From 2001 to 2006, Mr. Langevin was president of Kadant Web Systems Inc. (now our Kadant Solutions division) and before that served as its senior vice president and vice president of operations. Prior to 2001, Mr. Langevin managed several product groups and departments within Kadant Web Systems after joining us in 1986 as a product development engineer.
 
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Mr. O’Brien has been an executive vice president since 1998 and our chief financial officer since 2001. He served as our treasurer from 2001 to February 2005 and also as vice president, finance, from 1991 to 1998. Prior to joining us, Mr. O’Brien held various finance positions at Racal Interlan, Inc., Prime Computer, Compugraphic Corporation, and the General Electric Company.
Mr. Powell has been a senior vice president since September 2009 and has supervisory responsibility for our stock-preparation and fiber-based products businesses. From January 2008 to September 2009, Mr. Powell was vice president, new ventures, with principal responsibility for acquisition-related activities. Prior to joining us, Mr. Powell was the chairman and chief executive officer of Castion Corporation, a provider of sustainable wastewater treatment and recovery solutions, from April 2003 through December 2007.
Ms. Lambert has been a vice president and our general counsel since 2001, and our secretary since our incorporation in 1991. Prior to joining us, she was a vice president and the secretary of Thermo Electron since 1999 and 1990, respectively, and before that was a member of Thermo Electron’s legal department.
Mr. McKenney has been our vice president, finance and chief accounting officer since January 2002 and served as our corporate controller from 1997 to 2007. Mr. McKenney was controller of our Kadant AES division (now part of our Kadant Solutions division) from 1993 to 1997. Prior to 1993, Mr. McKenney held various financial positions at Albany International Corp.
 
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	
In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, we wish to caution readers that the following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected, and in the future could affect, our actual results and could cause our actual results in 2012 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us, or on our behalf.
Our business is dependent on worldwide and local economic conditions as well as the condition of the pulp and paper industry.
We sell products worldwide primarily to the pulp and paper industry, which is a cyclical industry. Generally, the financial condition of the global pulp and paper industry corresponds to general worldwide economic conditions, as well as to a number of other factors, including pulp and paper production capacity relative to demand in the geographic markets in which we compete. Although global markets appeared to be recovering in recent periods from the extreme disruptions which began in 2008, uncertainty about continuing economic stability and the potential for another recession became heightened in the second half of 2011 and continues into 2012. Uncertainty regarding the European economy due to the risk of sovereign debt defaults by certain European countries and the costs associated with resolving the sovereign debt crisis have negatively affected, and may in the future negatively affect, demand for our customers’ products, and as a consequence, our products and services as well. Our business and financial performance was significantly affected by the global economic crisis in 2008 and 2009 and would be negatively affected by a return of economic uncertainty, either globally or regionally. Uncertainty about global and regional economic conditions negatively affected, and may in the future negatively affect, demand for our customers’ products and for our products, especially our capital equipment products. Also, uncertainty regarding economic conditions has caused, and may in the future cause, liquidity and credit issues for many businesses, including our customers in the pulp and paper industry as well as other industries, and may result in their inability to fund projects, capacity expansion plans, and to some extent, routine operations. These conditions have resulted, and may in the future result, in a number of structural changes in the pulp and paper industry, including decreased spending, mill closures, consolidations, and bankruptcies, all of which negatively affect our business, revenue, and profitability. Any renewed financial and economic turmoil affecting the worldwide economy or the banking system and financial markets, in particular, due to political or economic developments could cause the expectations for our business to differ materially in the future.
 
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Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Annual Report	
 
Our financial performance will be negatively impacted if there are delays in customers securing financing or our customers become unable to secure such financing. The inability of our customers to obtain credit may affect our ability to recognize revenue and income, particularly on large capital equipment orders from new customers for which we may require letters of credit. We may also be unable to issue letters of credit to our customers, which are required in some cases to guarantee performance, during periods of economic uncertainty.
Paper producers have been, and may in the future be, negatively affected by higher operating costs. Paper companies curtail their capital and operating spending during periods of economic uncertainty and are cautious about resuming spending as market conditions improve. As paper companies consolidate operations in response to market weakness, they frequently reduce capacity, increase downtime, defer maintenance and upgrades, and postpone or even cancel capacity addition or expansion projects. It is difficult to accurately forecast our revenues and earnings per share during periods of economic uncertainty.
A significant portion of our international sales has, and may in the future, come from China and we operate several manufacturing facilities in China, which exposes us to political, economic, operational and other risks.
We have historically had significant revenues from China, operate significant manufacturing facilities in China, and manufacture and source equipment and components from China. As a result, we are exposed to increased risk in the event of economic slowdowns, changes in the policies of the Chinese government, political unrest, unstable economic conditions, or other developments in China or in U.S.-China relations that are adverse to trade, including enactment of protectionist legislation or trade or currency restrictions. Policies of the Chinese government to target slower economic growth to avoid inflation may negatively affect our business in China if customers are unable to expand capacity or obtain financing for expansion or improvement projects.
Our bookings activity from China tends to be more variable than in other geographic regions, as the China pulp and paper industry historically has experienced, and in the future may experience, periods of significant capacity expansion to meet demand followed by a period of stagnant activity while overcapacity is absorbed. These cycles result in periods of significant bookings activity for our capital products and increased revenues followed by a significant decrease in bookings or potential delays in shipments and order placements by our customers as they attempt to balance supply and demand. As a consequence, our bookings and revenues in China tend to be uneven and difficult to predict. Paper companies in China are scheduled to bring online significant capacity additions in 2012; however, this capacity growth has been uneven and the larger paper producers have delayed, and may in the future delay, additional new capacity start-ups in reaction to softer market conditions. In general, as significant capacity additions come online and the economic growth rate slows, paper producers have often deferred and could in the future defer further investments or the delivery of previously-ordered equipment until the market absorbs the new production. This could negatively affect our bookings and revenues in China.
In addition, orders from customers in China, particularly for large stock-preparation systems that have been tailored to a customer’s specific requirements, have credit risks higher than we generally incur elsewhere, and some orders are subject to the receipt of financing approvals from the Chinese government. For this reason, we do not record signed contracts from customers in China for large stock-preparation systems as orders until we receive the down payments for such contracts. The timing of the receipt of these orders and the down payments are uncertain and there is no assurance that we will be able to recognize revenue on these contracts. Delays in the receipt of payments and letters of credit affect when revenues can be recognized on these contracts, making it difficult to accurately forecast our future financial performance. We may experience a loss if a contract is cancelled prior to the receipt of a down payment in the event we commence engineering or other work associated with the contract. We currently have a larger inventory than usual awaiting shipment to customers. We could have excess and obsolete inventory if contracts are cancelled and we cannot re-sell the equipment. In addition, we may experience a loss if the contract is cancelled, or the customer does not fulfill its obligations under the contract, prior to the receipt of a letter of credit or final payments covering the remaining balance of the contract. In those instances in which a letter of credit is required, it may represent 80% or more of the total order.
 
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We recognize revenue for certain capital orders in China using the completed contract method. In some cases, we will be unable to recognize any revenue on completed orders until after installation or acceptance of the equipment. Furthermore, customers in China often demand that deliveries of previously-ordered equipment be delayed to future periods for any number of reasons. These factors have caused and will in the future cause our revenues recognized in China to vary greatly from period to period and be difficult to predict.
We may be unable to adjust operating costs and manufacturing sufficiently in China to meet demand.
The demand for our products in China can vary significantly from period to period. For example, we experienced a large increase in demand for our stock-preparation products in China in late 2010 and early 2011, which was followed by lower bookings levels in the second half of 2011. In periods of increased demand we may hire additional workers and may shift some production to our other manufacturing plants outside of China. If we are unable to meet increased demand we could be exposed to contractual penalties and our business and reputation could suffer. In addition, shifting to higher-cost production facilities outside China generally reduces our gross profit margins on these products. In periods of lower demand, we may seek to furlough or lay off workers or consolidate production in our manufacturing plants in China. We may be unable to adjust our operations to meet demand for a number of reasons, including our inability to obtain necessary government or labor union approvals. Our financial performance could suffer if we were unable to sufficiently adjust our operating costs or manufacturing to meet demand.
Commodity or component price increases and significant shortages of commodities and component products may adversely impact our financial results or our ability to meet commitments to customers.
We use steel, stainless steel, brass, bronze, and other commodities to manufacture our products. We also use natural gas in the production of our fiber-based granular products. As a result, unanticipated increases in the prices of such commodities could increase our costs more than expected, negatively impacting our business, results of operations and financial condition if we are unable to fully offset the effect of these increased costs through price increases, productivity improvements, or cost reduction programs.
We rely on suppliers to secure commodity and component products required for the manufacture of our products. A disruption in deliveries to or from suppliers or decreased availability of such components or commodities could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers or increase our operating costs. We believe our sources of raw materials and component products will generally be sufficient for our needs in the foreseeable future. However, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be negatively impacted if supply is insufficient for our operations.
We are dependent on two paper mills for the fiber used in the manufacture of our fiber-based granular products. From time to time we have experienced, and may in the future experience, some difficulty obtaining sufficient raw material to operate at optimal production levels. We continue to work with the mills to ensure a stable supply of raw material. To date, we have been able to meet all of our customer delivery requirements, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet future delivery requirements. Although we believe our relationships with the mills are good, the mills could decide not to continue to supply sufficient papermaking byproducts, or may not agree to continue to supply such products on commercially reasonable terms. If the mills were unable or unwilling to supply us sufficient fiber, we would be forced to find one or more alternative sources of supply of this raw material. We may be unable to find alternative supplies on commercially reasonable terms or could incur excessive transportation costs if an alternative supplier were found, which would increase our manufacturing costs, and might prevent prices for our products from being competitive or require closure of this business.
 
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Our business is subject to economic, currency, political, and other risks associated with international sales and operations.
During 2011 and 2010, approximately 63% and 58%, respectively, of our sales were to customers outside the United States, principally in Europe and China. In addition, we operate several manufacturing operations worldwide, including those in China, Europe, Mexico, and Brazil. International revenues and operations are subject to a number of risks, including the following:
 	–	agreements may be difficult to enforce and receivables difficult to collect through a foreign country’s legal system,	
 	–	foreign customers may have longer payment cycles,	
 	–	foreign countries may impose additional withholding taxes or otherwise tax our foreign income, impose tariffs, adopt other restrictions on foreign trade, impose currency restrictions or enact other protectionist or anti-trade measures,	
 	–	worsening economic conditions may result in worker unrest, labor actions, and potential work stoppages,	
 	–	political unrest, such as that currently occurring in North Africa and the Middle East, may disrupt commercial activities of ours or our customers,	
 	–	it may be difficult to repatriate funds, due to unfavorable domestic and foreign tax consequences or other restrictions or limitations imposed by foreign governments, and	
 	–	the protection of intellectual property in foreign countries may be more difficult to enforce.	
Although we seek to charge our customers in the same currency in which our operating costs are incurred, fluctuations in currency exchange rates may affect product demand and adversely affect the profitability in U.S. dollars of products we provide in international markets. In addition, our inability to repatriate funds could adversely affect our ability to service our debt obligations. Any of these factors could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations. Furthermore, while some risks can be hedged using derivatives or other financial instruments, or may be insurable, such attempts to mitigate these risks may be costly and not always successful.
We are subject to intense competition in all our markets.
We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting the markets for our products include quality, price, service, technical expertise, and product performance and innovation. Our competitors include a number of large multinational corporations that may have substantially greater financial, marketing, and other resources than we do. As a result, they may be able to adapt more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, or to devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of their services and products. Competitors’ technologies may prove to be superior to ours. Our current products, those under development, and our ability to develop new technologies may not be sufficient to enable us to compete effectively. Competition, especially in China, has increased as new companies enter the market and existing competitors expand their product lines and manufacturing operations.
Adverse changes to the soundness of our suppliers and customers could affect our business and results of operations.
All of our businesses are exposed to risk associated with the creditworthiness of our key suppliers and customers, including pulp and paper manufacturers and other industrial customers, many of which may be adversely affected by volatile conditions in the financial markets, worldwide economic downturns, and difficult economic conditions. These conditions could result in financial instability, bankruptcy, or other adverse effects at any of our suppliers or customers. The consequences of such adverse effects could include the interruption of production at the facilities of our suppliers, the reduction, delay or cancellation of customer orders, delays in or the inability of customers to obtain financing to purchase our products, and bankruptcy of customers or other creditors. Any adverse changes to the soundness of our suppliers or customers may adversely affect our cash flow, profitability and financial condition.
 
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Changes in our effective tax rate may impact our results of operations.
We derive a significant portion of our revenue and earnings from our international operations, and are subject to income and other taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. A number of factors may increase our effective tax rate, including: increases in tax rates in various jurisdictions; unanticipated decreases in the amount of profit in jurisdictions with low statutory tax rates; the resolution of issues arising from tax audits with various tax authorities; changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; adjustments to income taxes upon finalization of various tax returns; increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, including impairments of goodwill in connection with acquisitions; changes in available tax credits or our ability to utilize foreign tax credits; and changes in tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws. Any significant increase in our future effective tax rates would adversely impact our net income for future periods.
We may be required to reorganize our operations in response to changing conditions in the worldwide economy and the pulp and paper industry, and such actions may require significant expenditures and may not be successful.
We have undertaken various restructuring measures in the past in response to changing market conditions in the countries in which we operate and in the pulp and paper industry in general, which have affected our business. We may engage in additional cost reduction programs in the future. We may not recoup the costs of programs we have already initiated, or other programs in which we may decide to engage in the future, the costs of which may be significant. In connection with any future plant closures, delays or failures in the transition of production from existing facilities to our other facilities in other geographic regions could also adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, it is difficult to accurately forecast our financial performance in periods of economic uncertainty in a region or globally, and the efforts we have made or may make to align our cost structure may not be sufficient or able to keep pace with rapidly changing business conditions. Our profitability may decline if our restructuring efforts do not sufficiently reduce our future costs and position us to maintain or increase our sales.
Adverse changes to the soundness of financial institutions could affect us.
We have relationships with many financial institutions, including lenders under our credit facilities and insurance underwriters, and from time to time, we execute transactions with counterparties in the financial industry, such as our interest rate swap arrangements and other hedging transactions. As a consequence of volatility in the financial markets, these financial institutions or counterparties could be adversely affected and we may not be able to access credit facilities in the future, complete transactions as intended, or otherwise obtain the benefit of the arrangements we have entered into with such financial parties, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our debt may adversely affect our cash flow and may restrict our investment opportunities.
In 2008, we entered into a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility (2008 Credit Agreement) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $75 million. The 2008 Credit Agreement also includes an uncommitted unsecured incremental borrowing facility of up to an additional $75 million. We had $5 million outstanding under the 2008 Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2011 and we have also borrowed additional amounts under other agreements to fund our operations. We may also obtain additional long-term debt and working capital lines of credit to meet future financing needs, which would have the effect of increasing our total leverage. Our indebtedness could have negative consequences, including:
 	–	increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions,	
 	–	limiting our ability to obtain additional financing,	
 	–	limiting our ability to pay dividends on or to repurchase our capital stock,	
 	–	limiting our ability to complete a merger or an acquisition,	
 	–	limiting our ability to acquire new products and technologies through acquisitions or licensing agreements, and	
 	–	limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we compete.	
 
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Our existing indebtedness bears interest at floating rates and as a result, our interest payment obligations on our indebtedness will increase if interest rates increase. As of December 31, 2011, all of our outstanding floating rate debt was hedged through interest rate swap agreements. The unrealized loss associated with these swap agreements was $1.4 million as of December 31, 2011. This unrealized loss represents the estimated amount for which the swap agreements could be settled. The counterparty to the swap agreements could demand an early termination of the swap agreements if we are in default under the 2008 Credit Agreement, or any agreement that amends or replaces the 2008 Credit Agreement in which the counterparty is a member, and we are unable to cure the default. If these swap agreements were terminated prior to the scheduled maturity date and if we were required to pay cash for the value of the swap, we would incur a loss, which would adversely affect our financial results.
Our ability to satisfy our obligations and to reduce our total debt depends on our future operating performance and on economic, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flows to meet these obligations or to successfully execute our business strategy. The 2008 Credit Agreement includes certain financial covenants, and our failure to comply with these covenants could result in an event of default under the 2008 Credit Agreement, the swap agreements, and our other credit facilities, and would have significant negative consequences for our current operations and our future ability to fund our operations and grow our business. If we are unable to service our debt and fund our business, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures or research and development expenditures, seek additional financing or equity capital, restructure or refinance our debt, or sell assets.
Restrictions in our 2008 Credit Agreement may limit our activities.
Our 2008 Credit Agreement contains, and future debt instruments to which we may become subject may contain, restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that could otherwise benefit us, including restrictions on our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to:
 	–	incur additional indebtedness,	
 	–	pay dividends on, redeem, or repurchase our capital stock,	
 	–	make investments,	
 	–	create liens,	
 	–	sell assets,	
 	–	enter into transactions with affiliates, and	
 	–	consolidate, merge, or transfer all or substantially all of our assets and the assets of our subsidiaries.	
We are also required to meet specified financial covenants under the terms of our 2008 Credit Agreement. Our ability to comply with these financial restrictions and covenants is dependent on our future performance, which is subject to prevailing economic conditions and other factors, including factors that are beyond our control such as currency exchange rates, interest rates, changes in technology, and changes in the level of competition. Our failure to comply with any of these restrictions or covenants may result in an event of default under our 2008 Credit Agreement and other loan obligations, which could permit acceleration of the debt under those instruments and require us to repay the debt before its scheduled due date. If an event of default were to occur, we might not have sufficient funds available to make the payments required under our indebtedness. If we are unable to repay amounts owed under our debt agreements, those lenders may be entitled to foreclose on and sell the collateral that secures our borrowings under the agreements.
An increase in our reserve for claims to be paid in litigation involving our composites building products business could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial results.
In 2005, our Composites LLC subsidiary sold substantially all of its assets to a third party and retained certain liabilities associated with the operation of the business prior to the sale, including warranty obligations related to products manufactured prior to the sale date (Retained Liabilities). Composites LLC, jointly and severally with its parent company Kadant Inc., agreed to indemnify the original buyer and a subsequent
 
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purchaser of the business against losses arising from claims associated with the Retained Liabilities. This indemnification obligation is contractually limited to approximately $8.4 million. All activity related to this business is classified in the results of the discontinued operation in our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2011, we, our Composites LLC subsidiary, and other co-defendants entered into a nationwide class action settlement regarding allegedly defective composite building products manufactured by Composites LLC between April 2002 and October 2003, which was filed and approved in Connecticut state court. Under the settlement agreement, we have agreed to provide reimbursement up to a cap of $5.0 million in the aggregate to eligible settlement class members who submit a proof of claim, documenting, among other matters, original proof of purchase and degradation. In connection with the settlement agreement, we and the other co-defendants have not admitted any wrongdoing, any violation of any statute or law, or the truth of any claims or allegations of the plaintiffs.
As of year-end 2011, we accrued $2.6 million for the payment of claims under the settlement. If the actual claims submitted and approved under the settlement agreement exceed the amount of this reserve, we will reflect the amount of the additional claims paid in the results of the discontinued operation in future periods, up to a maximum of $5.0 million as agreed in the settlement agreement. Any increases in the amount of accrued claims beyond the amount of the reserve would adversely affect our consolidated financial results.
Our inability to successfully identify and complete acquisitions or successfully integrate any new or previous acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our strategy includes the acquisition of technologies and businesses that complement or augment our existing products and services. Any such acquisition involves numerous risks that may adversely affect our future financial performance and cash flows. These risks include:
 	–	competition with other prospective buyers resulting in our inability to complete an acquisition or in us paying substantial premiums over the fair value of the net assets of the acquired business,	
 	–	inability to obtain regulatory approval, including antitrust approvals,	
 	–	difficulty in assimilating operations, technologies, products and the key employees of the acquired business,	
 	–	inability to maintain existing customers or to sell the products and services of the acquired business to our existing customers,	
 	–	diversion of management’s attention away from other business concerns,	
 	–	inability to improve the revenues and profitability or realize the cost savings and synergies expected of the acquisition,	
 	–	assumption of significant liabilities, some of which may be unknown at the time,	
 	–	potential future impairment of the value of goodwill and intangible assets acquired, and	
 	–	identification of internal control deficiencies of the acquired business.	
In 2008, we recorded a $40.3 million impairment charge to write down the goodwill associated with the stock-preparation reporting unit within our Papermaking Systems segment. We may incur additional impairment charges to write down the value of our goodwill and acquired intangible assets in the future if the assets are not deemed recoverable, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
Our inability to protect our intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, third parties may claim that we infringe their intellectual property, and we could suffer significant litigation or licensing expense as a result.
We seek patent and trade secret protection for significant new technologies, products, and processes because of the length of time and expense associated with bringing new products through the development process and into the marketplace. We own numerous U.S. and foreign patents, and we intend to file additional applications, as appropriate, for patents covering our products. Patents may not be issued for any pending or future patent applications owned by or licensed to us, and the claims allowed under any issued patents may not be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. Any issued patents owned by or licensed to us may be challenged, invalidated,
 
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or circumvented, and the rights under these patents may not provide us with competitive advantages. In addition, competitors may design around our technology or develop competing technologies. Intellectual property rights may also be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries, which could make it easier for competitors to capture increased market share. We could incur substantial costs to defend ourselves in suits brought against us, including for alleged infringement of third party rights, or in suits in which we may assert our intellectual property rights against others. An unfavorable outcome of any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, as our patents expire, we rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how to protect our products. We cannot be sure the steps we have taken or will take in the future will be adequate to deter misappropriation of our proprietary information and intellectual property. Of particular concern are developing countries, such as China, where the laws, courts, and administrative agencies may not protect our intellectual property rights as fully as in the United States or Europe.
We seek to protect trade secrets and proprietary know-how, in part, through confidentiality agreements with our collaborators, employees, and consultants. These agreements may be breached, we may not have adequate remedies for any breach, and our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently developed by our competitors, or our competitors may otherwise gain access to our intellectual property.
Failure of our information systems or breaches of data security could impact our business.
We operate a geographically dispersed business and rely on the electronic storage and transmission of proprietary and confidential information, including technical and financial information, among our operations, customers and suppliers. In addition, for some of our operations, we rely on information systems controlled by third parties. System failures, network disruptions and breaches of data security could limit our ability to conduct business as normal, including our ability to communicate and transact business with our customers and suppliers; result in the loss or misuse of this information, the loss of business or customers, or damage to our brand or reputation; or interrupt or delay reporting our financial results. Such system failures or unauthorized access could be caused by external theft or attack, misconduct by our employees, suppliers, or competitors, or natural disasters. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures could be significant.
Our share price fluctuates and experiences price and volume volatility.
Stock markets in general and our common stock in particular experienced significant price and volume volatility in 2008 and 2009, have experienced significant volatility in the third and fourth quarters of 2011, and may experience significant price and volume volatility from time to time in the future. The market price and trading volume of our common stock may continue to be subject to significant fluctuations due not only to general stock market conditions but also to a change in sentiment in the market regarding our operations, business prospects, or future funding. Given the nature of the markets in which we participate and the impact of accounting standards related to revenue recognition, we may not be able to reliably predict future revenues and profitability, and unexpected changes may cause us to adjust our operations. A large proportion of our costs are fixed, due in part to our significant selling, research and development, and manufacturing costs. Thus, small declines in revenues could disproportionately affect our operating results. Other factors that could affect our share price and quarterly operating results include:
 	–	failure of our products to pass contractually agreed upon acceptance tests, which would delay or prohibit recognition of revenues under applicable accounting guidelines,	
 	–	changes in the assumptions used for revenue recognized under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting,	
 	–	fluctuations in revenues due to customer-initiated delays in product shipments,	
 	–	failure of a customer, particularly in Asia, to comply with an order’s contractual obligations or inability of a customer to provide financial assurances of performance,	
 	–	adverse changes in demand for and market acceptance of our products,	
 	–	competitive pressures resulting in lower sales prices for our products,	
 	–	adverse changes in the pulp and paper industry,	
 
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 	–	delays or problems in our introduction of new products,	
 	–	delays or problems in the manufacture of our products,	
 	–	our competitors’ announcements of new products, services, or technological innovations,	
 	–	contractual liabilities incurred by us related to guarantees of our product performance,	
 	–	increased costs of raw materials or supplies, including the cost of energy,	
 	–	changes in the timing of product orders,	
 	–	impact of new acquisition accounting, including the treatment of acquisition and restructuring costs as period costs,	
 	–	fluctuations in our effective tax rate,	
 	–	the operating and share price performance of companies that investors consider to be comparable to us, and	
 	–	changes in global financial markets and global economies and general market conditions.	
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could prevent or delay transactions that our shareholders may favor.
Provisions of our charter and bylaws may discourage, delay, or prevent a merger or acquisition that our shareholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. For example, these provisions:
 	–	authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock without any need for action by shareholders,	
 	–	provide for a classified board of directors with staggered three-year terms,	
 	–	require supermajority shareholder voting to effect various amendments to our charter and bylaws,	
 	–	eliminate the ability of our shareholders to call special meetings of shareholders,	
 	–	prohibit shareholder action by written consent, and	
 	–	establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by shareholders at shareholder meetings.	
Prior to July 2011, we had a shareholder rights plan, which may have had anti-takeover effects under certain circumstances. This shareholder rights plan expired by its terms in July 2011 and was not renewed by our board of directors. However, our board of directors could adopt a new shareholder rights plan in the future that could have anti-takeover effects and might discourage, delay, or prevent a merger or acquisition that our board of directors does not believe is in our best interests and those of our shareholders, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares.
 
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	
Not applicable.
 
Item 2.	Properties	
We believe that our facilities are in good condition and are suitable and adequate for our present operations. We do not anticipate significant difficulty in obtaining lease renewals or alternative space as needed. The location and general character of our principal properties as of year-end 2011 are as follows:
Papermaking Systems
We own approximately 1,711,000 square feet and lease approximately 130,000 square feet, under leases expiring on various dates ranging from 2012 to 2017, of manufacturing, engineering, and office space. In addition, in China we lease the land associated with our buildings under long-term leases, which expire on dates ranging from 2049 to 2061. Our principal engineering and manufacturing facilities are located in Vitry-le-Francois, France; Jining, China; Three Rivers, Michigan, U.S.A; Auburn, Massachusetts, U.S.A; Theodore, Alabama, U.S.A; Weesp, The Netherlands; Wuxi, China; Hindas, Sweden; Guadalajara, Mexico; Bury, England; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Mason, Ohio, U.S.A; Huskvarna, Sweden; and Summerstown, Ontario, Canada.
 
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Fiber-based Products
We own approximately 31,000 square feet of manufacturing and office space located in Green Bay, Wisconsin. We also lease approximately 37,000 square feet of manufacturing space located in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on a tenant-at-will basis.
Corporate
We lease approximately 10,000 square feet in Westford, Massachusetts, for our corporate headquarters under a lease expiring in 2017.
 
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	
Not applicable.
 
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	
Not applicable.
 
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PART II
 
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	
Market Price of Common Stock
Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “KAI”. The closing market price on the New York Stock Exchange for our common stock on February 17, 2012, was $25.36 per share.
The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock for 2011 and 2010, as reported in the consolidated transaction reporting system.

 	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Quarter	  	High	 	  	Low	 	  	High	 	  	Low	 	
First	  	$	    26.85  	  	  	$	    20.55  	  	  	$	    17.46  	  	  	$	    13.24  	  	
Second	  	 	32.99  	  	  	 	25.54  	  	  	 	22.77  	  	  	 	14.57  	  	
Third	  	 	34.95  	  	  	 	16.55  	  	  	 	19.98  	  	  	 	15.97  	  	
Fourth	  	 	23.50  	  	  	 	16.10  	  	  	 	24.44  	  	  	 	18.29  	  	
Holders of Common Stock
As of February 17, 2012, we had approximately 4,323 holders of record of our common stock. This does not include holdings in street or nominee name.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid cash dividends and we do not at this time expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future because our policy has been to use earnings to finance expansion and growth, as well as repurchase our stock. Payment of dividends will rest within the discretion of the board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our earnings, capital requirements, and financial condition. Our ability to pay dividends is restricted by the terms of our 2008 Credit Agreement.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information about purchases by us of our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2011:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	  	Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)(2)	 	  	Average Price
Paid per
Share	 	  	Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans (1)(2)	 	  	Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
      Under the Plans      	 	
10/2/11 – 10/31/11	  	 	20,710    	  	  	$	  21.90	  	  	 	20,710    	  	  	$	    10,101,290  	  	
11/1/11 – 11/30/11	  	 	297,281    	  	  	$	  20.82	  	  	 	297,281    	  	  	$	    25,199,815  	  	
12/1/11 – 12/31/11	  	 	–        	  	  	 	–      	  	  	 	–        	  	  	$	    25,199,815  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	 	    317,991    	  	  	$	  20.89	  	  	 	    317,991    	  	  	 	 	 	
 
(1)	On October 27, 2010, our board of directors approved the repurchase by us of up to $20 million of our equity securities during the period from November 5, 2010 through November 5, 2011. Repurchases could have been made in public or private transactions, including under Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b-5-1 trading plans. In the fourth quarter of 2011, we repurchased 87,114 shares of our common stock for $1.8 million under this authorization.	
 
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(2)	On October 26, 2011, our board of directors approved the repurchase by us of up to $30 million of our equity securities during the period from November 6, 2011 to November 6, 2012. Repurchases may be made in public or private transactions, including under Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b-5-1 trading plans. In the fourth quarter of 2011, we repurchased 230,877 shares of our common stock for $4.8 million under this authorization.	
Performance Graph
This performance graph compares the cumulative, five-year total shareholder return assuming an investment of $100 (and the reinvestment of dividends) in our common stock, the Russell 3000 Stock Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Paper Total Stock Market (TSM) Index. Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “KAI.” Because our fiscal year ends on a Saturday, the graph values are calculated using the last trading day prior to the end of our fiscal year.

 
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	12/30/06	 	 	12/29/07	 	 	1/3/09	 	 	1/2/10	 	 	1/1/11	 	 	12/31/11	 	
Kadant Inc.	 	 	    100.00  	  	 	 	    128.06  	  	 	 	    55.70  	  	 	 	    65.46  	  	 	 	    96.68  	  	 	 	    92.74  	  	
Russell 3000	 	 	100.00  	  	 	 	105.14  	  	 	 	60.38  	  	 	 	81.55  	  	 	 	101.08  	  	 	 	99.93  	  	
Dow Jones U.S. Paper Total Stock Market	 	 	100.00  	  	 	 	88.83  	  	 	 	24.90  	  	 	 	62.65  	  	 	 	87.65  	  	 	 	86.43  	  	
 
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Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	

(In thousands, except per share amounts)	  	2011 (a)	 	 	2010 (b)	 	  	2009 (c)	 	 	2008 (d)	 	 	2007	 	
Statement of Operations Data	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues	  	  $	  335,460	  	 	$	  270,029	  	  	$	  225,565	  	 	$	  329,158	  	 	$	  366,496	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating Income (Loss)	  	 	38,710	  	 	 	24,949	  	  	 	(474	) 	 	 	(13,007	) 	 	 	37,038	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amounts Attributable to Kadant:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations	  	 	33,584	  	 	 	18,409	  	  	 	(5,906	) 	 	 	(22,595	) 	 	 	25,418	  	
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operation, Net of Tax	  	 	(9	) 	 	 	98	  	  	 	(18	) 	 	 	37	  	 	 	(2,750	) 	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income (Loss)	  	  $	33,575	  	 	$	18,507	  	  	$	(5,924	) 	 	$	(22,558	) 	 	$	22,668	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Earnings (Loss) per Share for Continuing Operations:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	  	  $	2.77	  	 	$	1.49	  	  	$	(.48	) 	 	$	(1.67	) 	 	$	1.80	  	
Diluted	  	  $	2.74	  	 	$	1.48	  	  	$	(.48	) 	 	$	(1.67	) 	 	$	1.78	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Earnings (Loss) per Share:	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	  	  $	2.77	  	 	$	1.50	  	  	$	(.48	) 	 	$	(1.67	) 	 	$	1.61	  	
Diluted	  	  $	2.74	  	 	$	1.48	  	  	$	(.48	) 	 	$	(1.67	) 	 	$	1.59	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance Sheet Data	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Working Capital (e)	  	  $	78,499	  	 	$	79,006	  	  	$	66,917	  	 	$	98,017	  	 	$	107,487	  	
Total Assets	  	 	358,398	  	 	 	336,772	  	  	 	307,656	  	 	 	356,917	  	 	 	437,069	  	
Long-Term Obligations	  	 	11,750	  	 	 	17,250	  	  	 	22,750	  	 	 	52,122	  	 	 	30,460	  	
Shareholders’ Investment	  	 	223,630	  	 	 	207,301	  	  	 	194,031	  	 	 	194,393	  	 	 	280,213	  	
 
(a)	Reflects a $2.3 million pre-tax gain on the sale of real estate and $0.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs.	
(b)	Reflects a $1.0 million pre-tax gain on the sale of real estate, a $0.2 million pre-tax curtailment gain, and $0.2 million of pre-tax restructuring costs.	
(c)	Reflects $4.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs.	
(d)	Reflects a $40.3 million pre-tax goodwill impairment charge, a $15.4 million tax provision related to applying a valuation allowance to certain deferred tax assets, and $2.0 million of pre-tax restructuring costs, net of gains.	
(e)	Includes ($2.0) million, ($2.0) million, ($1.9) million, ($1.9) million, and ($1.1) million in 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, and 2007, respectively, associated with the discontinued operation.	
 
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	
Reference is made throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations to Notes included in our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Report.
Overview
Company Overview
We are a leading supplier of equipment used in the global papermaking and paper recycling industries and a manufacturer of granules made from papermaking byproducts. Our continuing operations are comprised of one reportable operating segment: Papermaking Systems, and a separate product line, Fiber-based Products. Through our Papermaking Systems segment, we develop, manufacture, and market a range of equipment and products primarily for the global papermaking, paper recycling, and process industries. We have a large customer base that includes most of the world’s major paper manufacturers. We believe our large installed base provides us
 
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with a spare parts and consumables business that yields higher margins than our capital equipment business.
On May 27, 2011, our Kadant Johnson Europe B.V. subsidiary acquired all the stock of m-clean papertech holding AB (M-Clean), a European-based supplier of equipment used to clean paper machine fabrics and rolls. The aggregate purchase price for this acquisition was $16.1 million. The purchase price included $0.9 million of cash acquired and $0.5 million of debt assumed. We believe that the acquisition of this business will enhance our Papermaking Systems segment’s water management product offerings, strengthen our market position in Europe and China, and offer growth opportunities in North America.
Through our Fiber-based Products business, we manufacture and sell granules derived from pulp fiber for use as carriers for agricultural, home lawn and garden, and professional lawn, turf and ornamental applications, as well as for oil and grease absorption.
International Sales
During 2011 and 2010, approximately 63% and 58%, respectively, of our sales were to customers outside the United States, principally in Europe and China. We generally seek to charge our customers in the same currency in which our operating costs are incurred. However, our financial performance and competitive position can be affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations affecting the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. We seek to reduce our exposure to currency fluctuations through the use of forward currency exchange contracts. We may enter into forward contracts to hedge certain firm purchase and sale commitments denominated in currencies other than our subsidiaries’ functional currencies. These contracts hedge transactions principally denominated in U.S. dollars.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that entail significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that our most critical accounting policies upon which our financial position depends, and which involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments, are those described below. For a discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 1 in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable. We enter into arrangements with customers that have multiple deliverables, such as equipment and installation, and we recognize revenues and profits on certain long-term contracts using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting.
 	•	 	Revenue Recognition Methods. We recognize revenue under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605, “Revenue Recognition” (ASC 605), when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or service has been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Under ASC 605, when the terms of sale include customer acceptance provisions, and compliance with those provisions cannot be demonstrated until customer acceptance, we recognize revenues upon such acceptance. Provisions for discounts, warranties, returns, and other adjustments are provided for in the period in which the related sales are recorded.	
When a sale arrangement involves multiple elements, such as equipment and installation, we consider the guidance in ASC 605. Such transactions are evaluated to determine whether the deliverables in the arrangement represent separate units of accounting based on the following criteria: the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis, and if the contract includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially under our control. Revenue is allocated to each unit of
 
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accounting or element based on relative selling prices. We determine relative selling prices by using either vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) if that exists, or third-party evidence of selling price. When neither VSOE or third-party evidence of selling price exists for a deliverable, we use our best estimate of the selling price for that deliverable. In cases in which elements cannot be treated as separate units of accounting, the elements are combined into a single unit of accounting for revenue recognition purposes.
The complexity of all issues related to the assumptions, risks, and uncertainties inherent in the application of ASC 605 affects the amounts reported as revenues in our consolidated financial statements. Under ASC 605, we may not be able to reliably predict future revenues and profitability due to the difficulty of estimating when installation will be performed or when we will meet the contractually agreed upon performance tests, which can delay or prohibit recognition of revenues. The determination of when we install the equipment or fulfill the performance guarantees is largely dependent on our customers, their willingness to allow installation of the equipment or performance of the appropriate tests in a timely manner, and their cooperation in addressing possible problems that would impede achievement of the performance guarantee criteria. Unexpected changes in the timing related to the completion of installation or performance guarantees could cause our revenues and earnings to be significantly affected.
 	•	 	Percentage-of-Completion. Revenues recorded under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting pursuant to ASC 605 were $29.2 million in 2011, $26.1 million in 2010, and $32.0 million in 2009. We determine the percentage of completion by comparing the actual costs incurred to date to an estimate of total costs to be incurred on each contract. If a loss is indicated on any contract in process, a provision is made currently for the entire loss. Our contracts generally provide for billing of customers upon the attainment of certain milestones specified in each contract. Revenues earned on contracts in process in excess of billings are classified as unbilled contract costs and fees, and amounts billed in excess of revenues are classified as billings in excess of contract costs and fees. The estimation process under the percentage-of-completion method affects the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. A number of internal and external factors affect our percentage-of-completion and cost of sales estimates, including labor rate and efficiency variances, estimates of warranty costs, estimated future material prices from vendors, and customer specification and testing requirements. In addition, we are exposed to the risk, primarily relating to our orders in China, that a customer will not comply with the order’s contractual obligations to take delivery of the equipment. The contractual obligations relating to the order may be difficult to enforce through a foreign country’s legal system, which could result in a significant credit exposure in the period or periods that were to be affected by the breach of contract. Although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our estimates in the application of this accounting policy, if our actual results were to differ from our estimates, or if we were to use different assumptions, it is possible that materially different amounts could be reported as revenues in our consolidated financial statements.	
We exercise judgment in determining our allowance for bad debts, which is based on our historical collection experience, current trends, credit policies, specific customer collection issues, and accounts receivable aging categories. In determining this allowance, we look at historical writeoffs of our receivables. We also look at current trends in the credit quality of our customer base as well as changes in our credit policies. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon payment history and each customer’s current creditworthiness. We continuously monitor collections and payments from our customers. In addition, in some instances we utilize letters of credit as a way to mitigate credit exposure. While actual bad debts have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same rate of bad debts that we have had in the past. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position of any of our customers could result in the uncollectibility of the related accounts receivable and could adversely affect our operating results and cash flows in that period.
 
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Warranty Obligations for Continuing Operations. We offer warranties of various durations to our customers depending upon the specific product and terms of the customer purchase agreement. We typically negotiate terms regarding warranty coverage and length of warranty depending on the products and their applications. Our standard mechanical warranties require us to repair or replace a defective product during the warranty period at no cost to the customer. We record an estimate for warranty-related costs at the time of sale based on our actual historical occurrence rates and repair costs, as well as other analytical tools for estimating future warranty claims. These estimates are revised for variances between actual and expected claims rates. While our warranty costs have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same warranty return rates or repair costs that we have in the past.
A significant increase in warranty occurrence rates or costs to repair our products would lead to an increase in the warranty provision and could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results for the period or periods in which such returns or additional costs occur.
Warranty Obligations for Discontinued Operation. In 2005, our Composites LLC subsidiary sold substantially all of its assets to a third party. Under the terms of the asset purchase agreement, Composites LLC retained certain liabilities associated with the operation of the business prior to the sale, including the warranty obligations related to products manufactured prior to the sale date. Composites LLC retained all of the cash proceeds received from the asset sale and continued to administer and pay warranty claims from the sale proceeds into the third quarter of 2007. On September 30, 2007, Composites LLC announced that it no longer had sufficient funds to honor warranty claims, was unable to pay or process warranty claims, and ceased doing business. All activity related to this business is classified in the results of the discontinued operation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
On October 24, 2011, we, our Composites LLC subsidiary, and other co-defendants entered into an agreement to settle a nationwide class action lawsuit related to defective composites decking building products manufactured by Composites LLC between April 2002 and October 2003. In connection with the settlement, we incurred a charge of $1.2 million (reported in loss from discontinued operation) in 2011. As of year-end 2011, we accrued $2.6 million for the payment of claims under the settlement. If the actual claims submitted and approved under the settlement agreement exceed the amount of this reserve, we will reflect the amount of the additional claims paid in the results of the discontinued operation in future periods, up to a maximum of $5.0 million as agreed in the settlement agreement. We also accrued $0.7 million as of year-end 2011 for the payment of the plaintiffs’ legal fees and incentives to representatives of the class, as agreed in the settlement agreement.
Income Taxes. We operate in numerous countries under many legal forms and, as a result, are subject to the jurisdiction of numerous domestic and non-U.S. tax authorities, as well as to tax agreements and treaties among these governments. Determination of taxable income in any jurisdiction requires the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and the use of estimates and assumptions regarding significant future events, such as the amount, timing and character of deductions, permissible revenue recognition methods under the tax law and the sources and character of income and tax credits. Changes in tax laws, regulations, agreements and treaties, currency-exchange restrictions or our level of operations or profitability in each taxing jurisdiction could have an impact upon the amount of current and deferred tax balances and our results of operations.
We estimate the degree to which tax assets and loss carryforwards will result in a benefit based on expected profitability by tax jurisdiction, and provide a valuation allowance for tax assets and loss carryforwards that we believe will more likely than not go unused. If it were to become more likely than not that the tax assets or loss carryforwards would be used, we would reverse the related valuation allowance. Our tax valuation allowance totaled $21.0 million at year-end 2011, including $8.1 million in the U.S. and $12.9 million in foreign jurisdictions. The $4.9 million decrease in our valuation allowance in 2011 was related primarily to the release of a portion of the valuation allowance in the U.S. and China. Should our actual future taxable income by tax jurisdiction vary from our estimate, additional allowances or reversals thereof may be necessary. When assessing the need for a valuation allowance in a tax jurisdiction, we evaluate the weight of all available evidence to
 
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determine whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. As part of this evaluation, we consider our cumulative three-year history of earnings before income taxes, taxable income in prior carryback years, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, and expected future results of operations. As of year-end 2011, in the U.S. and China, we were in a three-year cumulative income position and expect income from operations in 2012; as a result, we released our tax valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets in both jurisdictions. As of year-end 2011, we continued to maintain a valuation allowance in the U.S. primarily against all of our foreign tax credits due to the future uncertainty of foreign source income. As of year-end 2011, we maintained a full valuation allowance in certain foreign jurisdictions because of the uncertainty of future profitability. In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying our income tax positions. It is our policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon our assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. At December 31, 2011, we believe that we have appropriately accounted for any unrecognized tax benefits. To the extent we prevail in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established or are required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.
We reinvest certain earnings of foreign operations indefinitely, and accordingly, we do not provide for income taxes that could result from the remittance of such earnings. Through year-end 2011, we have not provided for U.S. income taxes on approximately $119.8 million of unremitted foreign earnings. The U.S. tax cost has not been determined due to the fact that it is not practicable to estimate at this time. The related foreign tax withholding, which would be required if we were to remit the foreign earnings to the U.S., would be approximately $1.1 million.
Valuation of Goodwill and Intangible Assets. We evaluate the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of the end of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances, such as a decline in sales, earnings, or cash flows, or material adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that the carrying value of an asset might be impaired. Goodwill is considered to be impaired when the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. In 2011, we adopted a new Accounting Standards Update (ASU) that allows for the goodwill impairment analysis to start with an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the qualitative factors, we were to determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we would perform a two-step impairment test. In the first step of the impairment test, fair values are primarily established using a discounted cash flow methodology (specifically, the income approach). The determination of discounted cash flows is based on our long-range forecasts and requires assumptions related to revenue and operating income growth, asset-related expenditures, working capital levels, and other factors. The revenue growth rates included in the forecasts are our best estimates based on current and anticipated market conditions, and the profitability assumptions are projected based on current and anticipated cost structures. Long-range forecasting involves uncertainty which increases with each successive period. Key assumptions, such as revenue growth rates and profitability, especially in the outer years involve a greater degree of uncertainty. Intangible assets subject to amortization are evaluated for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset might be impaired. No adjustment was required in 2011, 2010 or 2009 to the carrying value of our goodwill or intangible assets subject to amortization based on the analyses performed.
Our judgments and assumptions regarding the determination of the fair value of an intangible asset or goodwill associated with an acquired business could change as future events impact such fair values. A prolonged economic downturn, weakness in demand for our products, especially capital equipment products, or contraction in capital spending by paper companies in our key markets, such as China, could negatively affect the revenue and profitability assumptions used in our assessment of goodwill and intangible assets, which could result in additional impairment charges. Any future impairment loss could have a material adverse affect on our long-term assets and operating expenses in the period in which an impairment is determined to exist.
 
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Inventories. We value our inventory at the lower of the actual cost (on a first-in, first-out; or weighted average basis) or market value and include materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand and compare these amounts to historical and forecasted usage of and demand for each particular product or product line. We record a charge to cost of revenues for excess and obsolete inventory to reduce the carrying value of the inventories to net realizable value. Inventory writedowns have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established. A significant decrease in demand for our products could result in an increase in the amount of excess inventory quantities on hand, resulting in a charge for the writedown of that inventory in that period. In addition, our estimates of future product usage or demand may prove to be inaccurate, resulting in an understated or overstated provision for excess and obsolete inventory. Therefore, although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product usage and demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological developments could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and our reported operating results.
Pension and Other Retiree Benefits. We sponsor a noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan for the benefit of eligible employees at our Kadant Solutions division and the corporate office. Our unfunded benefit obligation related to this plan totaled $5.2 million at year-end 2011 and the fair value of plan assets totaled $26.4 million. In addition, several of our U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries sponsor defined benefit pension and other retiree benefit plans with an aggregate unfunded benefit obligation of $5.4 million at year-end 2011.
The cost and obligations of these arrangements are calculated using many assumptions to estimate the benefits that the employee earns while working, the amount of which cannot be completely determined until the benefit payments cease. Major assumptions used in the accounting for these employee benefit plans include the discount rate, expected return on plan assets and rate of increase in employee compensation levels. Assumptions are determined based on Company data and appropriate market indicators in consultation with third-party actuaries, and are evaluated each year as of the plans’ measurement date. The fair value of plan assets is determined based on quoted market prices and observable market inputs. The unrecognized actuarial loss associated with these plans totaled $11.1 million at year-end 2011, $0.4 million of which we expect to recognize in 2012. Should any of these assumptions change, they would have an effect on net periodic pension costs and the unfunded benefit obligation. The projected benefit obligation and expense associated with these plans are sensitive to changes in the discount rate. For the noncontributory benefit retirement plan at our Kadant Solutions division, a 50 basis point decrease in the 2011 discount rate would have resulted in an increase in pension expense of $0.2 million and an increase in the projected benefit obligation of $2.5 million.
Derivatives. We use derivative instruments primarily to reduce our exposure to changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. When we enter into a derivative contract, we make a determination as to whether the transaction is deemed to be a hedge for accounting purposes. For contracts deemed to be a hedge, we formally document the relationship between the derivative instrument and the risk being hedged. In this documentation, we specifically identify the asset, liability, forecasted transaction, cash flow, or net investment that has been designated as the hedged item, and evaluate whether the derivative instrument is expected to reduce the risks associated with the hedged item. To the extent these criteria are not met, we do not use hedge accounting for the derivative.
ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” requires that all derivatives be recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the related gains or losses on these contracts are deferred as a component of accumulated other comprehensive items. These deferred gains and losses are recognized in the period in which the underlying anticipated transaction occurs. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, the unrealized gains and losses resulting from the impact of currency exchange rate movements are recognized in earnings in the period in which the exchange rates change and offset the currency gains and losses on the underlying exposures being hedged. We perform an evaluation of the effectiveness of the hedge both at inception and on an ongoing basis. The ineffective portion of a hedge, if any, and changes in the fair value of a derivative not deemed to be a hedge, are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.
 
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We use interest rate swap agreements to hedge our exposure to variable rate debt and have designated these agreements as cash flow hedges of the forecasted interest payments. The fair values of the interest rate swap agreements are included in other assets for unrecognized gains and in other liabilities for unrecognized losses, with an offset in accumulated other comprehensive items (net of tax).
We use forward currency-exchange contracts primarily to hedge certain operational (“cash flow” hedges) and balance sheet (“fair value” hedges) exposures resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Such exposures primarily result from portions of our operations and assets that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the businesses conducting the operations or holding the assets. As part of our overall strategy to manage the level of exposure to the risk of currency-exchange fluctuations, some of our subsidiaries hedge a portion of their currency exposures anticipated over the ensuing 12-month period, using forward currency-exchange contracts that have maturities of 12 months or less. We do not hold or engage in transactions involving derivative instruments for purposes other than risk management.
Industry and Business Outlook
Our products are sold primarily to the global pulp and paper industry. In North America, the United States economy experienced modest growth in the fourth quarter of 2011 and given the recent slowdown in China and uncertainty in Europe, the United States has recently emerged as one of the stronger regions in the world for our products. Operating rates for U.S. containerboard and tissue producers, which make up a substantial portion of our revenues, were estimated to be in the mid 90’s for 2011. Overall, we believe that higher mill operating rates lead to increased demand for our spare parts and consumables products. Many paper producers are also facing increases in input costs, particularly with respect to fiber and energy. In many cases, we believe increased input costs will benefit our business since the return on investment of many of our products is based on increasing fiber yield and lowering energy costs. Our 2011 revenues in North America increased $19.4 million, or 14%, while bookings increased 24% compared to last year as a result of increased capital business principally in the stock preparation product line and, to a lesser extent, increased parts and consumables business.
In Europe, despite an uncertain economic environment, we experienced growth in both revenues and bookings in 2011 compared to the prior year. Revenues in Europe increased $19.5 million, or 23% in 2011 compared to 2010, while bookings increased 28% compared to the same period, but declined for the last few quarters in 2011 as the economy in Europe slowed. Our European businesses serve other parts of the world outside Western Europe including the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia and parts of South America. The macroeconomic conditions in Western Europe currently are weak and could adversely affect our business.
In China, our revenues increased significantly in 2011 partly due to large stock-preparation capital orders booked in late 2010, some of which were shipped in 2011. Revenues in China increased $24.8 million, or 67% in 2011 compared to the prior year. However, our bookings in China decreased 26% in 2011 compared to the prior year. Bookings and revenues in China tend to be more variable compared to other regions in which we operate due to the larger proportions of capital orders there. Some paper companies in China are scheduled to bring online significant capacity additions in 2012, which could lead to short-term overcapacity in some grades. This could potentially impact the timing of our orders from paper companies as the additional capacity is absorbed. In addition, some of the larger paper producers in China announced delays in 2011 in new capacity start-ups in reaction to the softer market conditions. We are anticipating recognizing significant revenues from China in the first half of 2012 from orders previously received, although the timing of this revenue is dependent on customer-requested delivery dates and the receipt of payments. Our revenue recognition in China can be quite variable from period to period because we generally recognize revenue there on the completed contract method.
We continuously consider initiatives to improve our operating results and are currently concentrating our efforts on the following initiatives: focusing on higher-growth emerging markets, further penetrating existing markets where we see opportunity, growing our market share in low-share regions, increasing our parts and consumables sales, and leveraging our low-cost manufacturing operations in locations such as China and Mexico. We also continue to focus our efforts on managing our operating costs and working capital.
 
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We anticipate our 2012 consolidated gross margin will be between 42% and 43%, slightly below the full year 2011 gross margins of 43.3%. There is likely to be considerable quarterly variability due in part to the projected product mix. In addition, although we see good project activity to start 2012 in some of our markets, we are concerned about the macroeconomic environment, particularly in Europe and China, where we have seen softening of demand in some product lines. For the first quarter of 2012, we expect to achieve diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $.41 to $.43 from continuing operations, on revenues of $82 to $84 million. For the full year 2012, we expect to achieve diluted EPS from continuing operations of $1.95 to $2.05 on revenues of $330 to $340 million.
Results of Operations
2011 Compared to 2010
The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations expressed as a percentage of total revenue:

  	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
 	 	 	
Revenues	  	 	100%	  	  	 	100%	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Costs and Operating Expenses:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Cost of revenues	  	 	57   	  	  	 	56   	  	
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	  	 	31   	  	  	 	33   	  	
Research and development expenses	  	 	2   	  	  	 	2   	  	
Restructuring costs and other income, net	  	 	(1)  	  	  	 	–   	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	89   	  	  	 	91   	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Operating Income	  	 	11   	  	  	 	9   	  	
Interest Expense	  	 	–   	  	  	 	–   	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income from Continuing Operations Before Provision for Income Taxes	  	 	11   	  	  	 	9   	  	
Provision for Income Taxes	  	 	1   	  	  	 	2   	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income from Continuing Operations	  	 	      10%	  	  	 	      7%	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Revenues
Revenues for 2011 and 2010 for our Papermaking Systems segment and Fiber-based Products business are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Revenues:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	  	$	    324,865	  	  	$	    261,188	  	
Fiber-based Products	  	 	10,595	  	  	 	8,841	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	    335,460	  	  	$	    270,029	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems Segment. Revenues at the Papermaking Systems segment increased $63.7 million, or 24%, to $324.9 million in 2011 from $261.2 million in 2010, including increases of $9.8 million from the favorable effects of currency translation and $2.9 million from M-Clean, which was acquired in May 2011. Revenues in all our product lines increased compared to 2010, including $36.4 million, or 38%, from stock-preparation and $17.3 million, or 21%, from fluid-handling. Revenues for our capital products increased $47.8 million, or 46%, compared to 2010, primarily due to the sale of systems from our stock-preparation product line in China and North America and our fluid-handing product line in Europe.
 
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Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Annual Report	
 
Fiber-based Products. Revenues from our Fiber-based Products business increased $1.8 million, or 20%, to $10.6 million in 2011 from $8.8 million in 2010 due to increased demand for our biodegradable granular products.
Papermaking Systems Segment by Product Line. The following table presents revenues for our Papermaking Systems segment by product line, the changes in revenues by product line between 2011 and 2010, and the changes in revenues by product line between 2011 and 2010 excluding the effect of currency translation. The increase in revenues excluding the effect of currency translation represents the increase resulting from the conversion of 2011 revenues in local currency into U.S. dollars at the 2010 exchange rates, and then comparing this result to the actual revenues in 2010. The presentation of the changes in revenues by product line excluding the effect of currency translation is a non-GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) measure. We believe this non-GAAP measure helps investors gain a better understanding of our underlying operations, consistent with how management measures and forecasts our performance, especially when comparing such results to prior periods. This non-GAAP measure should not be considered superior to or a substitute for the corresponding GAAP measure.

(In millions)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	Increase	 	  	Increase
Excluding
Effect of
Currency
Translation	 	
Papermaking Systems Product Lines:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Stock-Preparation	  	$	    131.9	  	  	$	95.5	  	  	$	36.4	  	  	$	32.3	  	
Fluid-Handling	  	 	100.6	  	  	 	83.3	  	  	 	17.3	  	  	 	13.5	  	
Doctoring	  	 	55.3	  	  	 	51.3	  	  	 	4.0	  	  	 	2.7	  	
Water-Management	  	 	34.5	  	  	 	28.6	  	  	 	5.9	  	  	 	5.3	  	
Other	  	 	2.6	  	  	 	2.5	  	  	 	0.1	  	  	 	0.1	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	    324.9	  	  	$	    261.2	  	  	$	    63.7	  	  	$	    53.9	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Our business benefited from the improvement in the pulp and paper industry in 2011, including improved mill operating rates, which led to increased spending on capital products. Sales of our capital products increased $47.8 million, or 46%, in 2011 compared to 2010. As a percentage of total revenues, sales of our capital products increased to 45% in 2011 compared to 39% in 2010.
Excluding a $4.1 million increase from currency translation, revenues in our stock-preparation product line in 2011 increased $32.3 million, or 34%, primarily due to higher demand for our capital products in China and to a lesser extent North America. In our fluid-handling product line revenues increased $13.5 million, or 16%, excluding a $3.8 million increase from the favorable effect of currency translation, primarily due to higher demand for our products in Europe and to a lesser extent North America. Excluding a $1.3 million increase from currency translation, revenues from our doctoring product line increased $2.7 million, or 5%, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to an increase in demand for our parts and consumables products. Excluding a $0.6 million increase from currency translation, revenues from the segment’s water-management product line increased $5.3 million, or 18%, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the acquisition of M-Clean and increased demand for our products in Europe.
Revenues in 2011 increased in all of our geographic regions compared to 2010. Our revenues in China increased $24.8 million, or 67%, to $61.9 million in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to large stock-preparation capital orders booked in late 2010, which were shipped in 2011.
In North America, our business benefited from improved economic conditions and increased mill operating rates and as a result our revenues increased $19.4 million, or 14%, in the region. Revenues in Europe increased $19.5 million, or 23%, including a $10.2 million, or 31%, increase in our fluid-handling revenues due to increased demand for our capital products, and to a lesser extent our parts and consumables products. Revenues in Europe also benefited from capital projects in regions outside of Europe, including Africa, South America, and Russia.
 
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Gross Profit Margin
Gross profit margin for 2011 and 2010 for our Papermaking Systems segment and our Fiber-based Products business are as follows:

 	  	    2011    	 	  	    2010    	 	
Gross Profit Margin:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	  	 	    43.1%	  	  	 	    43.8%	  	
Fiber-based Products	  	 	    50.2%	  	  	 	    45.8%	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	    43.3%	  	  	 	    43.9%	  	
Gross profit margin decreased to 43.3% in 2011 from 43.9% in 2010 primarily due to a shift in our product mix towards lower-margin capital products.
Papermaking Systems Segment. The gross profit margin at the Papermaking Systems segment decreased to 43.1% in 2011 from 43.8% in 2010. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in gross profit margins in our stock-preparation product line due to a shift in our product mix towards lower-margin capital products. Also contributing to the decrease in gross profit margins were lower margins in our water-management product line partly due to our newly-acquired M-Clean business.
Fiber-based Products. The gross profit margin at our Fiber-based Products business increased to 50.2% in 2011 from 45.8% in 2010 primarily due to higher revenue in 2011 compared to the prior year and, to a lesser extent, the lower cost of natural gas used in the production process.
Operating Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 31% in 2011 from 33% in 2010 due to better operating leverage. Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $13.5 million, or 15%, to $102.7 million in 2011 from $89.2 million in 2010. This increase was primarily due to higher incentive and commission expenses associated with higher revenues and improved operating performance in 2011 compared to 2010. This increase also included a $2.5 million increase from the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation and a $2.4 million increase due to acquisition costs and operating expenses of our newly-acquired M-Clean business.
Total stock-based compensation expense was $3.9 million and $2.8 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively, and is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. As of year-end 2011, unrecognized compensation expense related to stock-based compensation was approximately $4.1 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.
Research and development expenses increased $0.4 million, or 9%, to $5.7 million in 2011 from $5.3 million in 2010 and represented 2% of revenues in both periods.
Restructuring Costs and Other Income, Net
Restructuring costs and other income, net was income of $1.9 million and $1.0 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively. Other income in 2011 included a gain of $2.3 million associated with the sale of real estate in the China offset in part by restructuring costs of $0.4 million associated with the reduction of 73 employees in China to adjust our cost structure and streamline our operations. We expect annualized savings of $0.3 million in cost of revenues once these actions are completed. Other income in 2010 included a gain of $1.0 million associated with the sale of real estate in the U.S. and a curtailment gain on a pension liability of $0.2 million associated with the reduction of 25 employees in France. These gains were offset in part by restructuring costs of $0.2 million associated with prior period restructuring plans. All of these items occurred in the Papermaking Systems segment.
 
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Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Annual Report	
 
Interest Income
Interest income increased $0.3 million to $0.5 million in 2011 from $0.2 million in 2010 primarily due to higher average interest rates in 2011.
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased $0.2 million, or 19%, to $1.1 million in 2011 from $1.3 million in 2010 primarily due to lower average outstanding borrowings in 2011.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes was $4.3 million and $5.2 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively, and represented 11% and 22% of pre-tax income. The effective tax rate of 11% in 2011 included a recurring rate of 27%, offset in part by a 16% non-recurring tax benefit primarily associated with the reversal of certain tax reserves and valuation allowances. The effective tax rate of 22% in 2010 included a recurring rate of 24%, offset in part by a 2% non-recurring tax benefit associated with the reduction in certain tax reserves. The change in effective tax rates between 2011 and 2010 was primarily due to the reversal of tax reserves and the release of valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets in the U.S. and China. We expect our recurring effective tax rate to be approximately 29% to 30% in 2012 due to the anticipated geographic distribution of our earnings.
Income from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations increased $15.2 million, or 82%, to $33.9 million in 2011 from $18.7 million in 2010. Income from continuing operations in 2011 includes an increase in operating income of $13.8 million and a decrease in provision for income taxes of $0.9 million (see  Revenues , Gross Profit Margin ,  Operating Expenses,  and  Provision for Income Taxes  discussed above).
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operation
(Loss) income from the discontinued operation was a $9 thousand loss in 2011 compared to income of $98 thousand in 2010. Results from the discontinued operation included tax benefits of $1.5 million and $0.2 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively. The tax benefits recognized in 2011 were primarily due to the reversal of a valuation allowance on certain deferred tax assets.
On October 24, 2011, we, our subsidiary, Composites LLC, and other co-defendants entered into an agreement to settle a nationwide class action lawsuit related to defective composites decking building products manufactured by Composites between April 2002 and October 2003. In connection with the settlement, we incurred a charge of $1.2 million in 2011. As of year-end 2011, we have accrued $2.6 million for the payment of claims under the settlement. If the actual claims submitted and approved under the settlement agreement exceed the amount of this reserve, we will reflect the amount of the additional claims paid in the results of the discontinued operation in future periods, up to a maximum of $5.0 million as agreed in the settlement agreement. We also accrued $0.7 million as of year-end 2011 for the payment of the plaintiffs’ legal fees and incentives to representatives of the class, as agreed in the settlement agreement.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing for Impairment . The objective of this update is to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. Under the amendments in this update, an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it
 
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is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform the first step of the two-step impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, as described in Topic 350. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then the entity is required to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any, as described in Topic 350. Under the amendments in this update, an entity has the option to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to performing the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. An entity may resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. The amendments in this update are effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, although early adoption is permitted. We adopted this ASU in fiscal 2011. Adoption of this new guidance did not have an impact on our results of operations or financial position.
Comprehensive Income. In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income . The new guidance eliminates the current option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of stockholders’ equity. Instead, the new rule will require an entity to present net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement, referred to as the statement of comprehensive income, or in two separate but consecutive statements. While the new guidance changes the presentation of comprehensive income, there are no changes to the components that are recognized in net income or other comprehensive income under current accounting guidance. In addition, in December 2011, the FASB issued an amendment to this accounting standard which defers the requirement to present certain components of reclassifications of other comprehensive income on the face of the income statement for all periods presented. During the deferral, entities should continue to report reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income consistent with the presentation requirements in effect prior to the issuance of this amendment. This new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. While the adoption of this new guidance will change the presentation of comprehensive income, it will not have an impact on our results of operations or financial position.
Fair Value Measurements. In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).  ASU No. 2011-04 establishes a number of new requirements for fair value measurements. These include: (1) a prohibition on grouping financial instruments for purposes of determining fair value, except when an entity manages market and credit risks on the basis of the entity’s net exposure to the group; (2) an extension of the prohibition against the use of a blockage factor to all fair value measurements (that prohibition currently applies only to financial instruments with quoted prices in active markets); and (3) a requirement that for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements, entities disclose quantitative information about unobservable inputs, a description of the valuation process used and qualitative details about the sensitivity of the measurements. In addition, for items not carried at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed, entities will be required to disclose the level within the fair value hierarchy that applies to the fair value measurement disclosed. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
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Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Annual Report	
 
2010 Compared to 2009
The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations expressed as a percentage of total revenue:

 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	

Revenues	  	 	      100%	  	  	 	      100%  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Costs and Operating Expenses:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Cost of revenues	  	 	56    	  	  	 	60     	  	
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	  	 	33    	  	  	 	36     	  	
Research and development expenses	  	 	2    	  	  	 	2     	  	
Restructuring costs and other income, net	  	 	–    	  	  	 	2     	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	91    	  	  	 	100     	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Operating Income (Loss)	  	 	9    	  	  	 	–     	  	
Interest Expense	  	 	–    	  	  	 	(1)    	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Provision for Income Taxes	  	 	9    	  	  	 	(1)    	  	
Provision for Income Taxes	  	 	2    	  	  	 	2     	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations	  	 	7%	  	  	 	(3)% 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Revenues
Revenues increased $44.4 million, or 20%, to $270.0 million in 2010 from $225.6 million in 2009, including a $0.9 million decrease from the unfavorable effects of currency translation. Excluding the effects of currency translation, revenues in 2010 increased $45.3 million, or 20%, due to an increase in revenues in all of our Papermaking Systems segment’s product lines. The increase in our fluid-handling product line was primarily due to increased demand for our aftermarket products, while the increases in our stock-preparation, water-management, and doctoring product lines were primarily due to increased demand for both our capital and aftermarket products.
Revenues for 2010 and 2009 for our Papermaking Systems segment and Fiber-based Products business are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
 	 	
Revenues:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	  	$	    261,188	  	  	$	    217,607	  	
Fiber-based Products	  	 	8,841	  	  	 	7,958	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	270,029	  	  	$	225,565	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems Segment. Revenues at the Papermaking Systems segment increased $43.6 million, or 20%, to $261.2 million in 2010 from $217.6 million in 2009, including a $0.9 million decrease from the unfavorable effects of currency translation.
Fiber-based Products. Revenues from our Fiber-based Products business increased $0.8 million, or 11%, to $8.8 million in 2010 from $8.0 million in 2009 due to increased demand for our biodegradable granular products.
Papermaking Systems Segment by Product Line. The following table presents revenues for our Papermaking Systems segment by product line, the changes in revenues by product line between 2010 and 2009, and the changes in revenues by product line between 2010 and 2009 excluding the effect of currency translation. The
 
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increase in revenues excluding the effect of currency translation represents the increase resulting from the conversion of 2010 revenues in local currency into U.S. dollars at the 2009 exchange rates, and then comparing this result to the actual revenues in 2009. The presentation of the changes in revenues by product line excluding the effect of currency translation is a non-GAAP measure. We believe this non-GAAP measure helps investors gain a better understanding of our underlying operations, consistent with how management measures and forecasts our performance, especially when comparing such results to prior periods. This non-GAAP measure should not be considered superior to or a substitute for the corresponding GAAP measure.

(In millions)	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	  	Increase	 	  	Increase
Excluding
Effect of
Currency
Translation	 	
Papermaking Systems Product Lines:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Stock-Preparation	  	 $	95.5 	  	  	 $	85.7 	  	  	 $	9.8 	  	  	 $	11.4 	  	
Fluid-Handling	  	 	83.3 	  	  	 	63.9 	  	  	 	19.4 	  	  	 	19.0 	  	
Doctoring	  	 	51.3 	  	  	 	45.9 	  	  	 	5.4 	  	  	 	5.4 	  	
Water-Management	  	 	28.6 	  	  	 	20.3 	  	  	 	8.3 	  	  	 	8.2 	  	
Other	  	 	2.5 	  	  	 	1.8 	  	  	 	0.7 	  	  	 	0.5 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 $	    261.2 	  	  	 $	    217.6 	  	  	 $	    43.6 	  	  	 $	    44.5 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Our business benefited from the improvement in the pulp and paper industry in 2010, including improved mill operating rates, which led to increased spending on both capital and aftermarket products. Revenues for our parts and consumables products increased $23.6 million, or 18%. The improved business environment also led our customers to make capital additions in 2010. Sales of our capital products increased $19.3 million, or 23%, in 2010 compared to 2009.
Excluding a $1.6 million decrease from currency translation, revenues in our stock-preparation product line in 2010 increased $11.4 million, or 13%, primarily due to higher demand for our capital products in China and North America, offset in part by a decrease in Europe. The decrease in Europe was primarily due to higher revenues in 2009 resulting from a large capital equipment project that was shipped to Vietnam. In our fluid-handling product line revenues increased $19.0 million, or 30%, excluding a $0.4 million increase from the favorable effect of currency translation, primarily due to higher demand for our parts and consumables products in Europe and North America and our capital and aftermarket products in China. Revenues from our doctoring product line increased $5.4 million, or 12%, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to an increase in demand for both capital and aftermarket products in North America, and for our aftermarket products in Europe. Revenues from the segment’s water-management product line increased $8.3 million, or 41%, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to increased demand for our products in North America.
Revenues in 2010 increased in all of our major geographic regions compared to the depressed levels in 2009. In North America, our business benefited from improved economic conditions and increased mill operating rates and as a result our revenues increased $25.5 million, or 25%, in the region. Revenues in Europe also benefited from improved mill operating rates resulting in an increase of $1.2 million including an $8.9 million, or 38%, increase in our fluid-handling revenues. This was offset in part, by a $9.3 million, or 22%, decrease, in our stock-preparation systems revenues due to a large capital equipment project that was shipped to Vietnam in 2009. In China, we saw a significant increase in the number of large capital orders due to continued economic growth in the region. Our revenues in China increased $14.7 million, or 66%, to $37.1 million in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to increased demand for our capital products.
 
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Gross Profit Margin
Gross profit margin for 2010 and 2009 for our Papermaking Systems segment and our Fiber-based Products business are as follows:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	  	    2010    	 	  	    2009    	 	
Gross Profit Margin:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	  	 	    43.8%	  	  	 	    40.4%	  	
Fiber-based Products	  	 	    45.8%	  	  	 	    35.0%	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	    43.9%	  	  	 	    40.3%	  	
Gross profit margin increased to 43.9% in 2010 from 40.3% in 2009 primarily due to higher margins in our Papermaking Systems segment.
Papermaking Systems Segment. The gross profit margin at the Papermaking Systems segment increased to 43.8% in 2010 from 40.4% in 2009. This increase was primarily due to an increase in gross profit margins in our stock-preparation, fluid-handling, and water-management product lines due to better utilization of overhead costs as a result of increased manufacturing volumes. Also contributing to the increase in gross profit margins in our water-management product line was the completion in early 2010 of the consolidation of our water-management manufacturing facility in New York into our facilities in Massachusetts and Mexico.
Fiber-based Products. The gross profit margin at our Fiber-based Products business increased to 45.8% in 2010 from 35.0% in 2009 primarily due to the lower cost of natural gas used in the production process in 2010 compared to the prior year.
Operating Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 33% in 2010 from 36% in 2009 due to better operating leverage. Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $8.0 million, or 10%, to $89.2 million in 2010 from $81.2 million in 2009. This increase was primarily due to higher incentive and commission expenses associated with improved operating performance and higher revenues in 2010 compared to 2009. This increase also included a $0.2 million decrease from the favorable effect of foreign currency translation and a $0.3 million increase due to acquisition expenses.
Total stock-based compensation expense was $2.8 million and $2.7 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively, and is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.
Research and development expenses decreased $0.3 million, or 6%, to $5.3 million in 2010 from $5.6 million in 2009 and represented 2% of revenues in both 2010 and 2009.
Restructuring Costs and Other Income, Net
During 2010, restructuring costs and other income, net was $1.0 million of income. Other income in the 2010 period included a gain of $1.0 million associated with the sale of real estate in the U.S. and a curtailment gain on a pension liability of $0.2 million associated with the reduction of 25 employees in France. These gains were offset in part by restructuring costs of $0.2 million associated with previous restructuring plans. All of these items occurred in the Papermaking Systems segment.
During 2009, we recorded restructuring costs of $4.4 million, consisting primarily of severance and associated charges related to the reduction of 133 employees in Europe, China, the U.S., and Canada. These actions were taken to adjust our cost structure and streamline our operations, especially in our stock-preparation product line, in response to the weak economic environment. All of these items occurred in the Papermaking Systems segment.
 
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Interest Income
Interest income decreased $0.2 million, or 45%, to $0.2 million in 2010 from $0.4 million in 2009 primarily due to lower average interest rates in the 2010 period.
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased $0.9 million, or 39%, to $1.3 million in 2010 from $2.2 million in 2009 primarily due to lower average outstanding borrowings in the 2009 period.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes was $5.2 million and $3.7 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively, and represented 22% and (164%) of pre-tax income (loss). The effective tax rate of 22% in 2010 included a recurring rate of 24%, offset in part by a 2% non-recurring tax benefit associated with the reduction in certain tax reserves. The effective tax rate of (164%) in 2009 included a $7.6 million tax provision associated primarily with the repatriation of foreign dividends to the U.S., offset in part by a $2.7 million tax benefit associated with valuation allowance reductions due to the utilization of certain domestic deferred tax assets. The change in effective tax rates between 2010 and 2009 was primarily due to the U.S. tax cost of repatriating foreign earnings in 2009.
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations was $18.7 million in 2010 compared to a loss of $6.0 million in 2009. The income from continuing operations in 2010 includes an increase in operating income of $25.4 million offset in part by an increase in provision for income taxes of $1.5 million (see Revenues ,  Gross Profit Margin ,  Operating Expenses,  and  Provision for Income Taxes  discussed above).
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operation
Income from the discontinued operation was $98 thousand in 2010 compared to a loss of $18 thousand in 2009. Results from the discontinued operation included tax benefits of $164 and $10 in 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Consolidated working capital was $78.5 million at December 31, 2011 compared with $79.0 million at January 1, 2011. Included in working capital are cash and cash equivalents of $47.0 million and restricted cash of $0.7 million at December 31, 2011, compared with $61.8 million of cash and cash equivalents at January 1, 2011. At December 31, 2011, $34.4 million of cash and cash equivalents was held by our foreign subsidiaries.
2011
Our operating activities provided cash of $34.3 million in 2011 primarily from our continuing operations. Increases in accounts receivable and inventory used cash of $16.9 million in 2011 as a result of higher sales and increased order activity compared to 2010. Increases in other current liabilities and accounts payable provided cash of $11.8 million in 2011. The increase in other current liabilities in 2011 was largely due to increases in billings in excess of costs and fees due to the timing of billings and accrued incentive and commission expenses related to improved operating performance worldwide. The increase in accounts payable in 2011 primarily related to raw material purchases that resulted from an increase in business volume.
Our investing activities used cash of $21.9 million in 2011. We used cash of $15.2 million for the acquisition of M-Clean, a European-based supplier of equipment used to clean paper machine fabrics and rolls. We also used cash of $8.0 million for purchases of property, plant, and equipment. These uses of cash were offset, in part, by proceeds of $2.4 million from the sale of property, plant, and equipment in 2011.
 
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Our financing activities used cash of $27.0 million in 2011, including $16.1 million for the repurchase of our common stock on the open market and $16.0 million for principal payments on our outstanding debt obligations. These uses of cash were offset, in part, by borrowings of $5.0 million made under our revolving credit facility in 2011.
2010
Our operating activities provided cash of $28.4 million in 2010 primarily from our continuing operations. The change in current assets and liabilities provided cash of $0.5 million in 2010 despite a $44.4 million increase in revenues. This reflects our continued focus on improving our working capital management. The increase in accounts receivable of $13.5 million in 2010 is the result of higher sales compared to 2009. Inventories increased $4.0 million in 2010 as we purchased materials to fulfill orders that will ship in 2011. The increase in other current liabilities of $11.8 million in 2010 was largely due to an increase in customer deposits primarily in China and Europe. Also contributing to the increase in other current liabilities was an increase in accrued incentive compensation related to improved operating performance worldwide. The increase in accounts payable of $6.2 million in 2010 primarily related to raw material purchases that resulted from an increase in orders, as well as the timing of payments in all our major geographic regions. We also contributed cash of $2.2 million to our subsidiary’s noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan in 2010.
Our investing activities used cash of $6.4 million in 2010. We used cash of $3.2 million in 2010, net of cash acquired, for the acquisition of a Canadian-based supplier of pressure screen baskets and a related dewatering equipment product line, as well as for the acquisition of a European supplier of fluid-handling systems. We also used cash of $3.4 million for purchases of property, plant, and equipment and $2.6 million for acquisitions completed prior to 2010. These uses of cash were offset in part by proceeds of $2.9 million from the sale of property, plant, and equipment in 2010.
Our financing activities used cash of $4.5 million in 2010, including $4.4 million for the repurchase of our common stock on the open market and $0.5 million for principal payments on our outstanding debt obligations.
2009
Our operating activities provided cash of $43.1 million in 2009. Changes in current assets and liabilities contributed $41.6 million to operating cash flows in 2009. This change was a result of significant reductions in accounts receivable, unbilled contract costs and fees, and inventories as customers reduced their spending in 2009 in response to the weak economic environment, as well as our efforts to manage our working capital. This change included decreases in inventories of $18.8 million and accounts receivable of $18.6 million, which were offset in part by a use of cash of $6.7 million from a decrease in accounts payable. Contributing to the decrease in inventories in 2009 was the shipment of a large order in our stock-preparation product line to a customer in Vietnam. We also contributed cash of $4.8 million in 2009 to our subsidiary’s noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan.
Our investing activities used cash of $4.0 million in 2009. We used cash of $2.8 million in 2009 to purchase property, plant, and equipment and $1.4 million of cash for additional consideration associated primarily with the Kadant Johnson Inc. (Kadant Johnson) acquisition.
Our financing activities used cash of $35.3 million in 2009. We repaid $54.2 million and received cash proceeds of $22.0 million under our outstanding short- and long-term obligations. In addition, we used cash of $3.7 million in 2009 to repurchase our common stock on the open market.
Revolving Credit Facility
On February 13, 2008, we entered into a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility (2008 Credit Agreement) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $75 million. The 2008 Credit Agreement also includes an uncommitted unsecured incremental borrowing facility of up to an additional $75 million. We can borrow up to $75 million under the 2008 Credit Agreement with a sublimit of $60 million within the 2008 Credit Agreement
 
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available for the issuance of letters of credit and bank guarantees. The principal on any borrowings made under the 2008 Credit Agreement is due on February 13, 2013. As of December 31, 2011, the outstanding balance borrowed under the 2008 Credit Agreement was $5.0 million. Interest on any loans outstanding under the 2008 Credit Agreement accrues and is payable quarterly in arrears at one of the following rates selected by us: (a) the prime rate plus an applicable margin (up to .20%) or (b) a Eurocurrency rate plus an applicable margin (up to 1.20%). The applicable margin is determined based upon our total debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) ratio, as defined in the agreement. The amount we are able to borrow under the 2008 Credit Agreement is the total borrowing capacity less any outstanding borrowings, letters of credit and multi-currency borrowings issued under the 2008 Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2011, we had $69.2 million of borrowing capacity available under the committed portion of the 2008 Credit Agreement subject to limitations associated with the financial covenants in the 2008 Credit Agreement.
Our obligations under the 2008 Credit Agreement may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2008 Credit Agreement, which includes customary events of default including, without limitation, payment defaults, defaults in the performance of affirmative and negative covenants, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, bankruptcy and insolvency-related defaults, defaults relating to such matters as the Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), uninsured judgments and the failure to pay certain indebtedness, and a change of control default.
The 2008 Credit Agreement contains negative covenants applicable to us, including financial covenants requiring us to comply with a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.5 and a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.2, and restrictions on liens, indebtedness, fundamental changes, dispositions of property, making certain restricted payments (including dividends and stock repurchases), investments, transactions with affiliates, sale and leaseback transactions, swap agreements, changing our fiscal year, arrangements affecting subsidiary distributions, entering into new lines of business, and certain actions related to the discontinued operation. As of December 31, 2011, we were in compliance with these covenants. Our EBITDA, as defined in the 2008 Credit Agreement, is a factor used in the consolidated leverage and fixed charge ratios.
Commercial Real Estate Loan
On May 4, 2006, we borrowed $10 million under a promissory note (2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan). The 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan is repayable in quarterly installments of $125 thousand over a ten-year period with the remaining principal balance of $5 million due upon maturity. As of December 31, 2011, the remaining balance on the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan was $7.3 million. Interest on the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan accrues and is payable quarterly in arrears at one of the following rates selected by us: (a) the prime rate or (b) the three-month London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a .75% margin.
Our obligations under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan and the mortgage and security agreements, which includes customary events of default including without limitation payment defaults, defaults in the performance of covenants and obligations, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, bankruptcy- and insolvency-related defaults, liens on the properties or collateral and uninsured judgments. In addition, the occurrence of an event of default under the 2008 Credit Agreement or any successor credit facility would be an event of default under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan.
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
To hedge the exposure to movements in the 3-month LIBOR rate on outstanding debt, on February 13, 2008, we entered into a swap agreement (2008 Swap Agreement). The 2008 Swap Agreement has a five-year term and a $15 million notional value, which decreased to $10 million on December 31, 2010, and to $5 million on December 30, 2011. Under the 2008 Swap Agreement, on a quarterly basis we receive a 3-month LIBOR rate and pay a fixed rate of interest of 3.265%. We also entered into a swap agreement in 2006 (2006 Swap
 
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Agreement) to convert the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan from a floating to a fixed rate of interest. The 2006 Swap Agreement has the same terms and quarterly payment dates as the corresponding debt, and reduces proportionately in line with the amortization of the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan. Under the 2006 Swap Agreement, we receive a three-month LIBOR rate and pay a fixed rate of interest of 5.63%. As of December 31, 2011, all of our outstanding debt was hedged through interest rate swap agreements, which had an unrealized loss of $1.4 million. Our management believes that any credit risk associated with the 2006 and 2008 Swap Agreements is remote based on our financial position and the creditworthiness of the financial institution issuing the swap agreements.
Additional Liquidity and Capital Resources
On October 27, 2010, our board of directors approved the repurchase by us of up to $20 million of our equity securities during the period from November 5, 2010 through November 5, 2011. We repurchased 516,829 shares of our common stock for $11.3 million in 2011 under this authorization. On October 26, 2011, our board of directors approved the repurchase by us of up to $30 million of our equity securities during the period from November 6, 2011 to November 6, 2012. Through year-end 2011, we had repurchased 230,877 shares of our common stock for $4.8 million under this authorization.
The severe economic downturn that began at the end of 2008 and continued into 2009 negatively affected our quarterly EBITDA, which is a factor used in the financial covenants in our 2008 Credit Agreement. In the second quarter of 2009, we implemented a one-time cash repatriation plan to ensure that we would continue to remain in compliance with these financial covenants. Under this plan, we repatriated $35.6 million of cash in 2009 from our foreign subsidiaries, which was used to repay a portion of our outstanding debt obligations in the U.S. and China. It is our intention to reinvest indefinitely the remaining earnings of our international subsidiaries in order to support the current and future capital needs of their operations. Through year-end 2011, we have not provided for U.S. income taxes on approximately $119.8 million of unremitted foreign earnings. The U.S. tax cost has not been determined due to the fact that it is not practicable to estimate at this time. The related foreign tax withholding, which would be required if we remitted the foreign earnings to the U.S., would be approximately $1.1 million.
It is our policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. At December 31, 2011, we had a liability for unrecognized tax benefits and an accrual for the payment of interest and penalties totaling $4.5 million. To the extent we prevail in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established or are required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.
In connection with the settlement of the class action lawsuit related to our discontinued composites building products business, we incurred a charge of $1.2 million (reported in loss from discontinued operation) in 2011. As of year-end 2011, we accrued $2.6 million for the payment of claims under the settlement. If the actual claims submitted and approved under the settlement agreement exceed the amount of this reserve, we will reflect the amount of the additional claims paid in the results of the discontinued operation in future periods, up to a maximum of $5.0 million as agreed in the settlement agreement.
Although we currently have no material commitments for capital expenditures, we plan to make expenditures of approximately $6 to $7 million during 2012 for property, plant, and equipment.
In the future, our liquidity position will be primarily affected by the level of cash flows from operations, cash paid to satisfy debt repayments, capital projects, stock repurchases, or additional acquisitions, if any. We believe that our existing resources, together with the cash available from our credit facilities and the cash we expect to generate from continuing operations, will be sufficient to meet the capital requirements of our current operations for the foreseeable future.
 
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Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments
The following table summarizes our known contractual obligations and commercial commitments to make future payments or other consideration pursuant to certain contracts as of year-end 2011, as well as an estimate of the timing in which these obligations are expected to be satisfied. Detailed information concerning these obligations and commitments can be found in Notes 2, 6 and 7 to our consolidated financial statements.

 	  	Payments Due by Period or Expiration of Commitment	 	
(In millions)	  	Less than    
1 Year    	 	  	1-3
     Years    	 	  	4-5
     Years    	 	  	After
     5 Years    	 	  	Total    	 	
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments: (a)(b)	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Long-term debt obligations	  	 $	        0.5 	  	  	 $	        6.0 	  	  	 $	        5.8 	  	  	 $	          – 	  	  	 $	    12.3 	  	
Interest (c)	  	 	0.6 	  	  	 	0.8 	  	  	 	0.4 	  	  	 	– 	  	  	 	1.8 	  	
Operating lease obligations	  	 	1.8 	  	  	 	1.7 	  	  	 	0.8 	  	  	 	0.1 	  	  	 	4.4 	  	
Acquisition consideration	  	 	0.1 	  	  	 	0.1 	  	  	 	– 	  	  	 	– 	  	  	 	0.2 	  	
Letters of credit	  	 	13.5 	  	  	 	0.7 	  	  	 	– 	  	  	 	– 	  	  	 	14.2 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total (d)(e)	  	 $	    16.5 	  	  	 $	9.3 	  	  	 $	7.0 	  	  	 $	0.1 	  	  	 $	32.9 	  	

(a)	We have purchase obligations related to the acquisition of raw material made in the ordinary course of business that may be terminated with minimal notice and are excluded from this table.	
(b)	In the ordinary course of business, certain contracts contain limited performance guarantees, which do not require letters of credit, relating to our equipment and systems. We typically limit our liability under these guarantees to amounts that would not exceed the value of the contract. We believe that we have adequate reserves for any potential liability in connection with such guarantees. These guarantees are not included in this table.	
(c)	Amounts assume interest rates on variable rate debt remain unchanged from rates as of year-end 2011.	
(d)	This table excludes $0.8 million of accrued restructuring costs. The table also excludes $10.6 million of accrued pension and other post-retirement benefits, as these liabilities are not subject to fixed payment terms. In addition, the table excludes an unrealized loss of $1.4 million associated with our interest rate swap agreements as this amount would only be owed if the counterparty demanded an early termination of the agreements in the event of a default under our 2008 Credit Agreement.	
(e)	This table excludes a liability for unrecognized tax benefits and an accrual for the payment of interest and penalties totaling $4.5 million. Due to the uncertain nature of these tax matters, we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate as to if and when cash settlements with the appropriate taxing authorities will occur.	
Provisions in financial guarantees or commitments, debt or lease agreements, or other arrangements could trigger a requirement for an early payment, additional collateral support, amended terms, or acceleration of maturity.
We do not have special-purpose entities nor do we use off-balance-sheet financing arrangements.
 
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, which could affect our future results of operations and financial condition. We manage our exposure to these risks through our regular operating and financing activities. We entered into “receive-variable pay-fixed” swap agreements in 2006 and 2008 to hedge our exposure to variable rate long-term debt. Additionally, we use short-term forward contracts to manage certain exposures to foreign currencies. We enter into forward currency-exchange contracts to hedge firm purchase and sale commitments denominated in currencies other than our
 
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subsidiaries’ local currencies. We do not engage in extensive foreign currency hedging activities; however, the purpose of our foreign currency hedging activities is to protect our local currency cash flows related to these commitments from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Our forward currency-exchange contracts principally hedge transactions denominated in U.S. dollars. Gains and losses arising from forward contracts are recognized as offsets to gains and losses resulting from the transactions being hedged. We do not hold or engage in transactions involving derivative instruments for purposes other than risk management.
Interest Rates
Our cash and cash equivalents are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes would result in a change in interest income due to the difference between the current interest rates on cash and cash equivalents and the variable rates to which these financial instruments may adjust in the future. A 10% decrease in year-end interest rates would have resulted in an immaterial impact on net income in both 2011 and 2010.
Our outstanding debt and interest rate swap agreements are sensitive to changes in interest rates. We hedged $12.3 million and $17.8 million of our debt at year-end 2011 and 2010, respectively, with “receive-variable pay-fixed” swap agreements. The fair values of the swap agreements are sensitive to changes in the 3-month LIBOR forward curve. A 10% decrease in the 3-month LIBOR forward curve would have resulted in an immaterial impact on unrealized losses at year-end 2011 and an increase in unrealized losses of $0.1 million as of year-end 2010. The remaining unhedged portion of the debt totaling $5.0 million at year-end 2010 was sensitive to changes in interest rates. As of year-end 2010, the interest rate on the unhedged portion of our U.S. debt was based on LIBOR. A 10% increase in the year-end 2010 rates would have had an immaterial impact on our net income.
Currency Exchange Rates
We generally view our investment in foreign subsidiaries in a functional currency other than our reporting currency as long-term. Our investment in foreign subsidiaries is sensitive to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are principally denominated in euros, British pounds sterling, Mexican pesos, Canadian dollars, Chinese renminbi, Brazilian reals, and Swedish kroner. The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on our net investment in foreign subsidiaries is reflected in the “accumulated other comprehensive items” component of shareholders’ investment. A 10% decrease in functional currencies at year-end 2011 and 2010, relative to the U.S. dollar, would have resulted in a reduction in shareholders’ investment of $16.1 million and $14.9 million, respectively.
The fair value of forward currency-exchange contracts is sensitive to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The fair value of forward currency-exchange contracts is the estimated amount that we would pay or receive upon termination of the contracts, taking into account the change in foreign currency exchange rates. A 10% decrease in year-end 2011 and 2010 foreign currency exchange rates related to our contracts would have resulted in an increase in unrealized losses on forward currency-exchange contracts of $0.2 million and $0.5 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively. Since we use forward currency-exchange contracts as hedges of firm purchase and sale commitments, the unrealized gain or loss on forward currency-exchange contracts resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates would be offset primarily by corresponding changes in the fair value of the hedged items.
 
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	
This data is submitted as a separate section to this Report. See Item 15, “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.”
 
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	
Not applicable.
 
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Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2011. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based upon the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2011, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of December 31, 2011, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth in “Internal Control—Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our assessment, management believes that as of December 31, 2011 our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on the criteria issued by COSO.
Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our independent registered public accountants, Ernst & Young LLP, have issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein on page F-3 and incorporated into this Item 9A by reference.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2011 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
Item 9B.	Other Information	
Not applicable.
 
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PART III
 
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance	
This information will be included under the heading “Election of Directors” in our 2012 proxy statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated in this Report by reference, except for the information concerning executive officers, which is included under the heading “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Item 1 of Part I of this Report.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
The information required under Item 405 of Regulation S-K will be included under the heading “Stock Ownership–Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our 2012 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.
Corporate Governance
The information required under Items 406 and 407 of Regulation S-K will be included under the heading “Corporate Governance” in our 2012 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.
 
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	
This information will be included under the headings “Executive Compensation”, “Corporate Governance - Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”, and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” in our 2012 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.
 
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	
Except for the information concerning equity compensation plans, this information will be included under the heading “Stock Ownership” in our 2012 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.
The following table provides information about the securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2011:
Equity Compensation Plan Information

Plan Category	 	Number of Securities
to be Issued upon
Exercise of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants, and
Rights	 	 	Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants, and
Rights	 	  	Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation
Plans (Excluding
Securities Reflected in
the First Column)	 	
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	 	 	                562,788(1)	  	 	$	19.24(1)	  	  	 	                825,012(2)	  	
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (3)	 	 	1,667    	  	 	$	18.65    	  	  	 	–    	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	 	 	564,455(1)	  	 	$	    19.24(1)	  	  	 	825,012(2)	  	

(1)	Excludes an aggregate of 129,004 shares of common stock issuable under our employees’ stock purchase plan in connection with current and future offering periods under the plan. Excludes 2,569 shares reserved for issuance pursuant to our deferred compensation plan for directors.	
 
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(2)	Includes an aggregate of 129,004 shares of common stock issuable under our employees’ stock purchase plan in connection with current and future offering periods under the plan. Excludes 2,569 shares reserved for issuance pursuant to our deferred compensation plan for directors.	
(3)	Represents an outstanding award under our 2001 employee equity incentive plan. No future awards may be made under this plan. The terms of this plan were substantially identical to our other equity plans as described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Report, except that awards could not be made to executive officers or directors.	
 
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	
This information will be included under the heading “Corporate Governance” in our 2012 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.
 
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	
This information will be included under the heading “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our 2012 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.
PART IV
 
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	
 
(a)	The following documents are filed as part of this Report:	

(1)         Consolidated Financial Statements (see Index on Page F-1 of this Report):	  	 	
 	 	 	
 	  	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule	  	 	
 	 	 	
 	  	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting	  	 	
 	 	 	
 	  	Consolidated Statement of Operations	  	 	
 	 	 	
 	  	Consolidated Balance Sheet	  	 	
 	 	 	
 	  	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	  	 	
 	 	 	
 	  	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and Shareholders’ Investment	  	 	
 	 	 	
 	  	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	  	 	
 	 	
(2)         Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule (see Index on Page F-1 of this Report):	  	 	
 	 	 	
 	  	Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	  	 	
 	 	 	
 	  	All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or not required, or because the required information is shown either in the consolidated financial statements or in the notes thereto.	  	 	
 	 	
(3)         Exhibits filed herewith or incorporated in this Report by reference are set forth in the Exhibit Index beginning on page 44. This list of exhibits identifies each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this Report.	  	 	
 
(b)	Exhibits	
See the Exhibit Index beginning on page 44.
 
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 	 	 	 	KADANT INC.	
 	 	 	 	
Date: March 14, 2012	 	 	 	By:	 	/s/    JONATHAN W. PAINTER        	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Jonathan W. Painter	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated, on March 14, 2012.

  	 	Signature	 	 	 	Title	
 	 	 	 	
By:	 	/s/     JONATHAN W. PAINTER        	 	 	 	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director	
 	 	Jonathan W. Painter	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	 	/s/    THOMAS M. O’BRIEN        	 	 	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
 	 	Thomas M. O’Brien	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	 	/s/    MICHAEL J. MCKENNEY        	 	 	 	Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer	
 	 	Michael J. McKenney	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	 	/s/    WILLIAM A. RAINVILLE        	 	 	 	Director and Chairman of the Board	
 	 	William A. Rainville	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	 	/s/    JOHN M. ALBERTINE        	 	 	 	Director	
 	 	John M. Albertine	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	 	/s/    THOMAS C. LEONARD        	 	 	 	Director	
 	 	Thomas C. Leonard	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	 	/s/    FRANCIS L. MCKONE        	 	 	 	Director	
 	 	Francis L. McKone	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	 	/s/    WILLIAM P. TULLY        	 	 	 	Director	
 	 	William P. Tully	 	 	 	 	
 
43

Table of Contents
Exhibit Index

Exhibit
Number	  	Description of Exhibit	
 	 	
  2.1	  	Purchase Agreement dated October 21, 2005, among the Registrant, its Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary, LDI Composites Co., a Minnesota corporation, and Liberty Diversified Industries, Inc., a Minnesota corporation, and parent corporation of the Buyer (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on October 27, 2005 and incorporated in this document by reference). (1)	
 	 	
  2.2	  	First Amendment dated as of October 10, 2006 to the Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of October 21, 2005, among the Registrant, its Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary, LDI Composites Co., a Minnesota corporation, and Liberty Diversified Industries, Inc., a Minnesota corporation, and parent corporation of the Buyer (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 29, 2007 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
  2.3	  	Second Amendment dated as of May 1, 2009 to the Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of October 21, 2005, among the Registrant, its Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary, LDI Composites Co., a Minnesota corporation, and Liberty Diversified Industries, Inc., a Minnesota corporation, and parent corporation of LDI Composites Co. (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 4, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
  3.1	  	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
  3.2	  	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.1*	  	Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and its directors and officers (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.2*	  	Form of Amended and Restated Executive Retention Agreement (change in control agreement) between the Company and its executive officers, as amended and restated on December 9, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 3, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.3*	  	Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 3, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.4*	  	2001 Employees Equity Incentive Plan of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 3, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.5*	  	Kadant Inc. Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2011 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.6*	  	Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 3, 1999 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 
44

Table of Contents
Exhibit Index

Exhibit
Number	  	Description of Exhibit	
 	 	
10.7*	  	Cash Incentive Plan of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 3, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.8*	  	Summary of non-employee director compensation of the Registrant.	
 	 	
10.9*	  	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between the Company and its non-employee directors used for annual restricted stock unit awards (filed as Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.10*	  	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between the Company and its non-employee directors used for change-in-control restricted stock unit awards (filed as Exhibit 10.18 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.11*	  	Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between the Company and its executive officers used for restricted stock unit awards granted on March 3, 2009 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 4, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.12*	  	Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between the Company and its executive officers used for restricted stock unit awards granted in 2010 and subsequent periods (filed as Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.13*	  	Form of Stock Option Agreement between the Company and its executive officers used for stock option awards (filed as Exhibit 10.21 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.14*	  	Restoration Plan of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 2, 2011 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.15	  	Credit Agreement dated February 13, 2008 among the Registrant, the Foreign Subsidiary Borrowers from time to time parties thereto, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as Multi-currency Administrative Agent (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on February 15, 2008 and incorporated in this document by reference). (1)	
 	 	
10.16	  	Guarantee Agreement dated February 13, 2008, among Kadant Inc. and the Subsidiary Guarantors, in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent for the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to the Credit Agreement dated as of February 13, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on February 15, 2008 and incorporated in this document by reference). (1)	
 	 	
10.17	  	Joinder Agreement dated as of March 17, 2008, to Credit Agreement dated as of February 13, 2008, among the Registrant, the Foreign Subsidiary Borrowers from time to time parties thereto, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and J.P. Morgan Europe Limited, as Multi-currency Administrative Agent (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 2008 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 
45

Table of Contents
Exhibit Index

Exhibit
Number	  	Description of Exhibit	
 	 	
10.18	  	International Swap Dealers Association, Inc. Master Agreement dated May 13, 2005 between the Registrant and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts and Swap Confirmation dated May 18, 2005 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 2, 2005 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.19	  	Swap Confirmation dated February 13, 2008 between the Registrant and RBS Citizens, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 10.35 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2007 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.20	  	Promissory Note in the principal amount of $10,000,000 dated May 4, 2006, between the Registrant and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006 and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.21	  	Limited Guaranty Agreement dated May 4, 2006 between Kadant Black Clawson Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts (filed as Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006 and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.22	  	Limited Guaranty Agreement dated May 4, 2006 between Kadant Johnson Inc., a Michigan corporation, and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts (filed as Exhibit 99.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006 and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.23	  	Mortgage and Security Agreement dated May 4, 2006 between Kadant Black Clawson Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts relating to the real property and related personal property located in Theodore, Alabama (filed as Exhibit 99.7 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006 and incorporated in this document by reference). (1)	
 	 	
10.24	  	Mortgage and Security Agreement dated May 9, 2006 between Kadant Johnson Inc., a Michigan corporation, and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts relating to the real property and related personal property located in Three Rivers, Michigan (filed as Exhibit 99.8 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006 and incorporated in this document by reference). (1)	
 	 	
21	  	Subsidiaries of the Registrant.	
 	 	
23.1	  	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.	
 	 	
31.1	  	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer of the Registrant Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.	
 	 	
31.2	  	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer of the Registrant Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.	
 	 	
32	  	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	
101.INS	  	XBRL Instance Document.**	
 	 	
101.SCH	  	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.**	
 	 	
101.CAL	  	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.**	
 
46

Table of Contents
Exhibit Index

Exhibit
Number	  	Description of Exhibit	
 	 	
101.LAB	  	XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.**	
 	 	
101.PRE	  	XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.**	
 
*	Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.	
**	Submitted electronically herewith.	
 
(1)	The schedules to this document have been omitted from this filing pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company will furnish copies of any of the schedules to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.	
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2011, January 1, 2011 and January 2, 2010, (ii) Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2011 and January 1, 2011, (iii) Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2011, January 1, 2011 and January 2, 2010, (iv) Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and Shareholders’ Investment for the years ended December 31, 2011, January 1, 2011 and January 2, 2010, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Exchange Act, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.
 
47

Table of Contents
Kadant Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule
The following Consolidated Financial Statements of the Registrant and its subsidiaries are required to be included in Item 8:

 	  	Page	 	
 	 	
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule	  	 	F-2	  	
 	 	
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial
Reporting	  	 	F-3	  	
 	 	
Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2011, January  1, 2011, and January 2, 2010	  	 	F-4	  	
 	 	
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2011 and January 1, 2011	  	 	F-5	  	
 	 	
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2011, January  1, 2011, and January 2, 2010	  	 	F-6	  	
 	 	
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and Shareholders’ Investment for the years ended December 31, 2011, January 1, 2011, and January 2, 2010	  	 	F-7	  	
 	 	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	  	 	F-8	  	
The following Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule of the Registrant and its subsidiaries is filed as part of this Report as required to be included in Item 15(a)(2):

 	  	Page	 	
Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	  	 	F-43	  	
 
F-1

Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
on Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Kadant Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Kadant Inc. as of December 31, 2011 and January 1, 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income and shareholders’ investment, and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2011. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Kadant Inc. at December 31, 2011 and January 1, 2011 and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the fiscal period ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Kadant Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 14, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP	
Boston, Massachusetts
March 14, 2012
 
F-2

Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Kadant Inc.:
We have audited Kadant Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Kadant Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Kadant Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the 2011 consolidated financial statements of Kadant Inc. and our report dated March 14, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP	
Boston, Massachusetts
March 14, 2012
 
F-3

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
 
Consolidated Statement of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
 	 	 	 	
Revenues (Note 12)	  	$	    335,460  	  	  	$	    270,029  	  	  	$	    225,565  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Costs and Operating Expenses:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Cost of revenues	  	 	190,247  	  	  	 	151,604  	  	  	 	134,759  	  	
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	  	 	102,660  	  	  	 	89,212  	  	  	 	81,229  	  	
Research and development expenses	  	 	5,717  	  	  	 	5,269  	  	  	 	5,622  	  	
Restructuring costs and other income, net (Note 8)	  	 	(1,874) 	  	  	 	(1,005) 	  	  	 	4,429  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	296,750  	  	  	 	245,080  	  	  	 	226,039  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Operating Income (Loss)	  	 	38,710  	  	  	 	24,949  	  	  	 	(474) 	  	
Interest Income	  	 	499  	  	  	 	214  	  	  	 	387  	  	
Interest Expense	  	 	(1,066) 	  	  	 	(1,315) 	  	  	 	(2,171) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Provision for Income Taxes	  	 	38,143  	  	  	 	23,848  	  	  	 	(2,258) 	  	
Provision for Income Taxes (Note 5)	  	 	4,285  	  	  	 	5,198  	  	  	 	3,692  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations	  	 	33,858  	  	  	 	18,650  	  	  	 	(5,950) 	  	
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operation (net of income tax benefit of $1,511, $164 and $10 in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively; Note 9)	  	 	(9) 	  	  	 	98  	  	  	 	(18) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income (Loss)	  	 	33,849  	  	  	 	18,748  	  	  	 	(5,968) 	  	
Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	  	 	(274) 	  	  	 	(241) 	  	  	 	44  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Kadant	  	$	33,575  	  	  	$	18,507  	  	  	$	(5,924) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Amounts Attributable to Kadant:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations	  	$	33,584  	  	  	$	18,409  	  	  	$	(5,906) 	  	
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operation	  	 	(9) 	  	  	 	98  	  	  	 	(18) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Kadant	  	$	33,575  	  	  	$	18,507  	  	  	$	(5,924) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Earnings (Loss) per Share from Continuing Operations Attributable to Kadant (Note 13)	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Basic	  	$	2.77  	  	  	$	1.49  	  	  	$	(.48) 	  	
Diluted	  	$	2.74  	  	  	$	1.48  	  	  	$	(.48) 	  	
Earnings (Loss) per Share Attributable to Kadant (Note 13)	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Basic	  	$	2.77  	  	  	$	1.50  	  	  	$	(.48) 	  	
Diluted	  	$	2.74  	  	  	$	1.48  	  	  	$	(.48) 	  	
Weighted Average Shares (Note 13)	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Basic	  	 	12,124  	  	  	 	12,339  	  	  	 	12,331  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Diluted	  	 	12,261  	  	  	 	12,466  	  	  	 	12,331  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
F-4

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet

(In thousands, except share amounts)	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	46,950  	  	 	$	    61,805  	  	
Restricted cash	 	 	700  	  	 	 	–  	  	
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $2,308 and $2,185	 	 	59,492  	  	 	 	49,897  	  	
Inventories	 	 	50,527  	  	 	 	41,628  	  	
Unbilled contract costs and fees	 	 	3,244  	  	 	 	875  	  	
Other current assets	 	 	11,703  	  	 	 	9,001  	  	
Assets of discontinued operation (Note 9)	 	 	1,675  	  	 	 	401  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Current Assets	 	 	174,291  	  	 	 	163,607  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Property, Plant, and Equipment, at Cost, Net	 	 	40,095  	  	 	 	36,911  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Assets	 	 	9,000  	  	 	 	11,473  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Intangible Assets	 	 	29,053  	  	 	 	26,793  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Goodwill	 	 	105,959  	  	 	 	97,988  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Assets	 	$	    358,398  	  	 	$	336,772  	  	

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Investment	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Short-term obligations and current maturities of long-term obligations
(Note 6)	 	$	500  	  	 	$	5,500  	  	
Accounts payable	 	 	28,624  	  	 	 	23,756  	  	
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	 	 	17,687  	  	 	 	15,739  	  	
Customer deposits	 	 	18,627  	  	 	 	19,269  	  	
Other current liabilities	 	 	26,722  	  	 	 	17,940  	  	
Liabilities of discontinued operation (Note 9)	 	 	3,632  	  	 	 	2,397  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Current Liabilities	 	 	95,792  	  	 	 	84,601  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred Income Taxes (Note 5)	 	 	10,204  	  	 	 	10,736  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Long-Term Liabilities (Note 3)	 	 	17,022  	  	 	 	16,884  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Long-Term Obligations (Note 6)	 	 	11,750  	  	 	 	17,250  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Shareholders’ Investment (Notes 3 and 4):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	 	 	–  	  	 	 	–  	  	
Common stock, $.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 14,624,159 shares issued	 	 	146  	  	 	 	146  	  	
Capital in excess of par value	 	 	93,701  	  	 	 	92,935  	  	
Retained earnings	 	 	198,706  	  	 	 	165,131  	  	
Treasury stock at cost, 2,983,717 and 2,369,422 shares	 	 	(62,118) 	  	 	 	(48,786) 	  	
Accumulated other comprehensive items (Note 14)	 	 	(7,955) 	  	 	 	(3,586) 	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Kadant Shareholders’ Investment	 	 	222,480  	  	 	 	205,840  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Noncontrolling interest	 	 	1,150  	  	 	 	1,461  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Shareholders’ Investment	 	 	223,630  	  	 	 	207,301  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Investment	 	$	358,398  	  	 	$	336,772  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
F-5

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

(In thousands)	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Operating Activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss) attributable to Kadant	 	$	    33,575  	  	 	$	    18,507  	  	 	$	    (5,924) 	  	
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	 	 	274  	  	 	 	241  	  	 	 	(44) 	  	
Loss (income) from discontinued operation	 	 	9  	  	 	 	(98) 	  	 	 	18  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income (loss) from continuing operations	 	 	33,858  	  	 	 	18,650  	  	 	 	(5,950) 	  	
Adjustments to reconcile income (loss) from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	7,936  	  	 	 	7,228  	  	 	 	7,448  	  	
Stock-based compensation expense	 	 	3,934  	  	 	 	2,754  	  	 	 	2,669  	  	
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment	 	 	(2,294) 	  	 	 	(1,016) 	  	 	 	(12) 	  	
Provision for losses on accounts receivable	 	 	1,249  	  	 	 	455  	  	 	 	305  	  	
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense	 	 	(1,886) 	  	 	 	1,249  	  	 	 	892  	  	
Other items, net	 	 	(809) 	  	 	 	671  	  	 	 	945  	  	
Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	 	 	(9,909) 	  	 	 	(13,506) 	  	 	 	18,625  	  	
Unbilled contract costs and fees	 	 	(1,753) 	  	 	 	2,209  	  	 	 	6,736  	  	
Inventories	 	 	(6,966) 	  	 	 	(4,001) 	  	 	 	18,833  	  	
Other current assets	 	 	(1,897) 	  	 	 	(2,235) 	  	 	 	9,380  	  	
Accounts payable	 	 	4,469  	  	 	 	6,250  	  	 	 	(6,657) 	  	
Other current liabilities	 	 	9,330  	  	 	 	11,755  	  	 	 	(5,298) 	  	
Contributions to pension plan	 	 	(900) 	  	 	 	(2,200) 	  	 	 	(4,800) 	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by continuing operations	 	 	34,362  	  	 	 	28,263  	  	 	 	43,116  	  	
Net cash (used in) provided by discontinued operation	 	 	(47) 	  	 	 	163  	  	 	 	10  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	 	34,315  	  	 	 	28,426  	  	 	 	43,126  	  	

Investing Activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	 	 	(15,694) 	  	 	 	(5,800) 	  	 	 	(1,354) 	  	
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment	 	 	(8,030) 	  	 	 	(3,408) 	  	 	 	(2,804) 	  	
Proceeds from sale of property, plant, and equipment	 	 	2,360  	  	 	 	2,916  	  	 	 	115  	  	
Dividend paid to minority shareholder	 	 	(579) 	  	 	 	–  	  	 	 	–  	  	
Other, net	 	 	58  	  	 	 	(60) 	  	 	 	–  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in continuing operations for investing activities	 	 	(21,885) 	  	 	 	(6,352) 	  	 	 	(4,043) 	  	

Financing Activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Purchases of Company common stock	 	 	(16,088) 	  	 	 	(4,407) 	  	 	 	(3,722) 	  	
Repayments of short- and long-term obligations	 	 	(16,017) 	  	 	 	(500) 	  	 	 	(54,153) 	  	
Proceeds from issuance of short- and long-term obligations	 	 	5,000  	  	 	 	–  	  	 	 	22,000  	  	
Change in restricted cash	 	 	(700) 	  	 	 	–  	  	 	 	–  	  	
Proceeds from issuance of Company common stock	 	 	390  	  	 	 	345  	  	 	 	544  	  	
Tax benefits from stock-based compensation awards	 	 	371  	  	 	 	26  	  	 	 	33  	  	
Other, net	 	 	–  	  	 	 	–  	  	 	 	(6) 	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net cash used in continuing operations for financing activities	 	 	(27,044) 	  	 	 	(4,536) 	  	 	 	(35,304) 	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exchange Rate Effect on Cash from Continuing Operations	 	 	(241) 	  	 	 	(1,409) 	  	 	 	1,757  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in Cash from Discontinued Operation	 	 	–  	  	 	 	1  	  	 	 	–  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents from Continuing Operations	 	 	(14,855) 	  	 	 	16,130  	  	 	 	5,536  	  	
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year	 	 	61,805  	  	 	 	45,675  	  	 	 	40,139  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	 	$	46,950  	  	 	$	61,805  	  	 	$	45,675  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
See Note 1 for supplemental cash flow information.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
F-6

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and Shareholders’ Investment

(In thousands, except par value)	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	 	2009	 	
Comprehensive Income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income (loss)	 	$	    33,849  	  	 	$	18,748  	  	 	$	(5,968) 	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Comprehensive Items:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain	 	 	(1,808) 	  	 	 	(3,367) 	  	 	 	6,844  	  	
Pension and other post-retirement liability adjustments, net (net of tax of $1,331, $80, and $167 in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively)	 	 	(2,374) 	  	 	 	(408) 	  	 	 	(931) 	  	
Deferred (loss) gain on hedging instruments (net of tax of $89, $44, and $7 in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively)	 	 	(193) 	  	 	 	(166) 	  	 	 	575  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Comprehensive Items	 	 	(4,375) 	  	 	 	(3,941) 	  	 	 	6,488  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive Income	 	 	29,474  	  	 	 	14,807  	  	 	 	520  	  	
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	 	 	(268) 	  	 	 	(138) 	  	 	 	(4) 	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Kadant	 	$	29,206  	  	 	$	14,669  	  	 	$	516  	  	

Shareholders’ Investment	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common Stock, $.01 Par Value:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at beginning and end of year (14,624,159 shares at year-end 2011, 2010, and 2009)	 	$	146  	  	 	$	146  	  	 	$	146  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Capital in Excess of Par Value:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at beginning of year	 	 	92,935  	  	 	 	92,244  	  	 	 	92,916  	  	
Activity under stock and 401(K) plans	 	 	395  	  	 	 	665  	  	 	 	(648) 	  	
Tax benefits related to employees’ and directors’ stock plans	 	 	371  	  	 	 	26  	  	 	 	33  	  	
Acquisition of minority interest in subsidiary	 	 	–  	  	 	 	–  	  	 	 	(57) 	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at end of year	 	 	93,701  	  	 	 	92,935  	  	 	 	92,244  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Retained Earnings:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at beginning of year	 	 	165,131  	  	 	 	146,624  	  	 	 	152,548  	  	
Net income (loss) attributable to Kadant	 	 	33,575  	  	 	 	18,507  	  	 	 	(5,924) 	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at end of year	 	 	198,706  	  	 	 	165,131  	  	 	 	146,624  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Treasury Stock, at Cost:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at beginning of year (2,369,422; 2,219,221; and 2,074,362 shares)	 	 	(48,786) 	  	 	 	(46,558) 	  	 	 	(46,707) 	  	
Purchases of Company common stock (747,706; 255,500; and 289,800 shares)	 	 	(16,088) 	  	 	 	(4,407) 	  	 	 	(2,891) 	  	
Activity under stock and 401(K) plans (133,411; 105,299; and 144,941 shares)	 	 	2,756  	  	 	 	2,179  	  	 	 	3,040  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at end of year (2,983,717; 2,369,422; and 2,219,221 shares)	 	 	(62,118) 	  	 	 	(48,786) 	  	 	 	(46,558) 	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at beginning of year	 	 	(3,586) 	  	 	 	252  	  	 	 	(6,188) 	  	
Other comprehensive items	 	 	(4,369) 	  	 	 	(3,838) 	  	 	 	6,440  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at end of year	 	 	(7,955) 	  	 	 	(3,586) 	  	 	 	252  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Kadant Shareholders’ Investment	 	 	222,480  	  	 	 	205,840  	  	 	 	192,708  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Noncontrolling Interest:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at beginning of year	 	 	1,461  	  	 	 	1,323  	  	 	 	1,678  	  	
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	 	 	274  	  	 	 	241  	  	 	 	(44) 	  	
Acquisition of minority interest in subsidiary	 	 	–  	  	 	 	–  	  	 	 	(141) 	  	
Dividend paid	 	 	(579) 	  	 	 	–  	  	 	 	(218) 	  	
Other comprehensive items	 	 	(6) 	  	 	 	(103) 	  	 	 	48  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at end of year	 	 	1,150  	  	 	 	1,461  	  	 	 	1,323  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Shareholders’ Investment	 	$	    223,630  	  	 	$	    207,301  	  	 	$	    194,031  	  	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 
F-7

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	
Nature of Operations
Kadant Inc. and its subsidiaries’ (collectively, the Company) continuing operations include one reportable operating segment, Papermaking Systems, and a separate product line, Fiber-based Products. Through its Papermaking Systems segment, the Company develops, manufactures, and markets a range of equipment and products primarily for the global papermaking and paper recycling and process industries. The Company’s principal products in this segment include custom-engineered stock-preparation systems and equipment for the preparation of wastepaper for conversion into recycled paper; fluid-handling systems used primarily in the dryer section of the papermaking process and during the production of corrugated boxboard, metals, plastics, rubber, textiles, chemicals, and food; doctoring systems and equipment and related consumables important to the efficient operation of paper machines; and water-management systems essential for draining, purifying, and recycling process water. Through its Fiber-based Products business, the Company manufactures and sells granules derived from papermaking byproducts primarily for use as agricultural carriers and for home lawn and garden applications.
Discontinued Operation
In 2005, the Company’s Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary (Composites LLC) sold substantially all of its assets to a third party. Under the terms of the asset purchase agreement, Composites LLC retained certain liabilities associated with the operation of the business prior to the sale, including the warranty obligations associated with products manufactured prior to the sale date. Composites LLC retained all of the cash proceeds received from the asset sale and continued to administer and pay warranty claims from the sale proceeds into the third quarter of 2007. On September 30, 2007, Composites LLC announced that it no longer had sufficient funds to honor warranty claims, was unable to pay or process warranty claims, and ceased doing business. All activity related to this business is classified in the results of the discontinued operation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
On October 24, 2011, the Company, Composites LLC, and other co-defendants entered into an agreement to settle a nationwide class action lawsuit related to defective composites decking building products manufactured by Composites LLC between April 2002 and October 2003. In connection with the settlement, the Company incurred a charge of $1,185,000 (reported in loss from discontinued operation) in 2011. As of year-end 2011, the Company has accrued $2,577,000 for the payment of claims under the settlement. If the actual claims submitted and approved under the settlement agreement exceed the amount of this reserve, the Company will reflect the amount of the additional claims paid in the results of the discontinued operation in future periods, up to a maximum of $5,000,000 as agreed in the settlement agreement. The Company also accrued $710,000 as of year-end 2011 for the payment of the plaintiffs’ legal fees and incentives to representatives of the class, as agreed in the settlement agreement.
Company History and Former Relationship with Thermo Electron Corporation
The Company was incorporated in Delaware in November 1991 to be the successor-in-interest to several papermaking equipment businesses of Thermo Electron Corporation (Thermo Electron). In November 1992, the Company completed an initial public offering of a portion of its common stock. On July 12, 2001, the Company changed its name to Kadant Inc. from Thermo Fibertek Inc. Thermo Electron disposed of its remaining equity interest in the Company by means of a dividend to Thermo Electron shareholders on August 8, 2001. On May 14, 2003, the Company began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “KAI.”
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
 
F-8

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Fiscal Year
The Company has adopted a fiscal year ending on the Saturday nearest to December 31. References to 2011, 2010, and 2009 are for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011, January 1, 2011, and January 2, 2010, respectively.
Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that entail significant judgments and estimates, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. The Company believes that the most critical accounting policies upon which its financial position depends, and which involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments, concern revenue recognition and accounts receivable, warranty obligations for continuing operations and the discontinued operation, income taxes, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, inventories, pension obligations, and derivatives. A discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies is included in Note 1.
Although the Company makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements or in the application of accounting policies, if business conditions were different, or if the Company used different estimates and assumptions, it is possible that materially different amounts could be reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable
The Company recognizes revenue under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605, “Revenue Recognition,” (ASC 605). The Company recognizes revenue when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or service has been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. When the terms of the sale include customer acceptance provisions, and compliance with those provisions cannot be demonstrated until customer acceptance, revenues are recognized upon such acceptance. The Company includes in revenue amounts invoiced for shipping and handling with the corresponding costs reflected in cost of revenues. Provisions for discounts, warranties, returns and other adjustments are provided for in the period in which the related sales are recorded.
Due to the significance of the Company’s capital goods and spare parts businesses, most of the Company’s revenue is recognized in accordance with the accounting policies in the preceding paragraph. However, when a sale arrangement involves multiple elements, such as equipment and installation, the Company considers the guidance in ASC 605. Such transactions are evaluated to determine whether the deliverables in the arrangement represent separate units of accounting based on the following criteria: the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis, and if the contract includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially under the control of the Company. Revenue is allocated to each unit of accounting or element based on relative selling prices. The Company determines relative selling prices by using either vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) if that exists, or third-party evidence of selling price. When neither VSOE or third-party evidence of selling price exists for a deliverable, the Company uses its best estimate of the selling price for that deliverable. In cases in which elements cannot be treated as separate units of accounting, the elements are combined into a single unit of accounting for revenue recognition purposes.
 
F-9

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
In addition, revenues and profits on certain long-term contracts are recognized using the percentage-of-completion method pursuant to ASC 605. Revenues recorded under the percentage-of-completion method were $29,207,000 in 2011, $26,145,000 in 2010, and $32,034,000 in 2009. The percentage of completion is determined by comparing the actual costs incurred to date to an estimate of total costs to be incurred on each contract. If a loss is indicated on any contract in process, a provision is made currently for the entire loss. The Company’s contracts generally provide for billing of customers upon the attainment of certain milestones specified in each contract. Revenues earned on contracts in process in excess of billings are classified as unbilled contract costs and fees, and amounts billed in excess of revenues earned are classified as billings in excess of contract costs and fees, which are included in other current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet. There are no significant amounts included in the accompanying balance sheet that are not expected to be recovered from existing contracts at current contract values, or that are not expected to be collected within one year, including amounts that are billed but not paid under retainage provisions.
The Company exercises judgment in determining its allowance for bad debts, which is based on its historical collection experience, current trends, credit policies, specific customer collection issues, and accounts receivable aging categories. In determining this allowance, the Company looks at historical writeoffs of its receivables. The Company also looks at current trends in the credit quality of its customer base as well as changes in its credit policies. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and adjusts credit limits based upon payment history and each customer’s current creditworthiness. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from its customers. In some instances, the Company utilizes letters of credit as a way to mitigate its credit exposure. In addition, the Company obtains letters of credit, principally issued by banks in China, related to certain contracts with its Chinese customers under which revenue is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting.
Warranty Obligations for Continuing Operations
The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time of sale based on the actual historical occurrence rates and repair costs. The Company typically negotiates the terms regarding warranty coverage and length of warranty depending on the products and applications. While the Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, repair costs, service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure, and supplier warranties on parts delivered to the Company. Should actual product failure rates, repair costs, service delivery costs, or supplier warranties on parts differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. The changes in the carrying amount of accrued warranty costs included in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Balance at Beginning of Year	  	$	3,778  	  	  	$	2,801  	  	
Provision charged to income	  	 	2,447  	  	  	 	2,915  	  	
Usage	  	 	(2,155) 	  	  	 	(1,854) 	  	
Acquired	  	 	86  	  	  	 	–  	  	
Currency translation	  	 	(27) 	  	  	 	(84) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at End of Year	  	$	4,129  	  	  	$	3,778  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
See Note 9 for a discussion of the warranty obligation related to the discontinued operation.
 
F-10

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Income Taxes
In accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” (ASC 740), the Company recognizes deferred income taxes based on the expected future tax consequences of differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, calculated using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. A tax valuation allowance is established, as needed, to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In the event it becomes more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset allowances will not be needed, the valuation allowance will be adjusted.
It is the Company’s policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. At December 31, 2011, the Company believes that it has appropriately accounted for any unrecognized tax benefits. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established or is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, its effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.
Earnings (Loss) per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per share has been computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Kadant by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share was computed assuming the effect of all potentially dilutive securities, including stock options, restricted stock units and employee stock purchase plan shares, as well as their related tax effects.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
At year-end 2011 and 2010, the Company’s cash equivalents included investments in money market funds and other marketable securities, which had maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. The carrying amounts of cash equivalents approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
Restricted Cash
At year-end 2011, the Company had approximately $700,000 of restricted cash. This cash serves as collateral for bank guarantees primarily associated with providing assurance to customers in China that the Company will fulfill certain customer obligations entered into in the normal course of business. All of the bank guarantees will expire by September 30, 2012.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
Cash Paid for Interest	  	$	1,106  	  	  	$	1,339  	  	  	$	1,929  	  	
Cash Paid (Refunded) for Income Taxes	  	$	6,677  	  	  	$	2,754  	  	  	$	(1,635) 	  	
 	 	 	 	
Non-Cash Investing Activities:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Fair Value of Assets Acquired	  	$	21,808  	  	  	$	9,565  	  	  	$	–  	  	
Cash Paid for Acquired Businesses	  	 	(16,104) 	  	  	 	(7,658) 	  	  	 	–  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Liabilities Assumed of Acquired Businesses	  	$	5,704  	  	  	$	1,907  	  	  	$	–  	  	

Non-Cash Financing Activities:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Issuance of Company Common Stock	  	$	2,296  	  	  	$	1,499  	  	  	$	2,685  	  	
 
F-11

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out; or weighted average basis) or market value and include materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead. The Company periodically reviews its quantities of inventories on hand and compares these amounts to the expected usage of each particular product or product line. The Company records as a charge to cost of revenues any amounts required to reduce the carrying value of inventories to net realizable value. The components of inventories are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Raw Materials and Supplies	  	$	20,218 	  	  	$	16,718 	  	
Work in Process	  	 	9,383 	  	  	 	8,584 	  	
Finished Goods (includes $3,016 and $1,953 at customer locations)	  	 	20,926 	  	  	 	16,326 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	    50,527 	  	  	$	    41,628 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. The costs of additions and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The Company provides for depreciation and amortization primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the property as follows: buildings, 10 to 40 years; machinery and equipment, 2 to 10 years; and leasehold improvements, the shorter of the term of the lease or the life of the asset. Property, plant, and equipment consist of the following:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Land	  	$	3,869  	  	  	$	3,965  	  	
Buildings	  	 	35,901  	  	  	 	34,699  	  	
Machinery, Equipment, and Leasehold Improvements	  	 	65,901  	  	  	 	60,682  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	105,671  	  	  	 	99,346  	  	
Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	  	 	65,576  	  	  	 	62,435  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	  40,095  	  	  	$	    36,911  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization expense related to property, plant, and equipment was $4,953,000, $4,612,000, and $5,024,000 in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets in the accompanying balance sheet include the costs of acquired intellectual property, tradenames, patents, customer relationships, non-compete agreements and other specifically identifiable intangible assets. An intangible asset of $8,100,000 associated with the acquisition of the Johnson tradename as part of the Company’s acquisition of The Johnson Corporation in 2005 has an indefinite life and is not being amortized. The remaining intangible assets have been amortized using the straight-line method over periods ranging from 1 to 20 years with a weighted-average amortization period of 13 years. The intangible asset lives have been determined based on the anticipated period over which the Company will derive future cash flow benefits from the intangible assets. The Company has considered the effects of legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, and other economic factors in determining these useful lives.
 
F-12

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Acquired intangible assets are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	Gross	 	  	Currency
Translation	 	  	Accumulated
Amortization	 	  	Net	 	
December 31, 2011	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Customer relationships	  	$	19,054  	  	  	$	1,194  	  	  	$	(8,247) 	  	  	$	12,001  	  	
Intellectual property	  	 	15,690  	  	  	 	(162) 	  	  	 	(9,483) 	  	  	 	6,045  	  	
Tradenames	  	 	8,879  	  	  	 	(63) 	  	  	 	(53) 	  	  	 	8,763  	  	
Non-compete agreements	  	 	3,362  	  	  	 	(21) 	  	  	 	(3,259) 	  	  	 	82  	  	
Distribution network	  	 	2,400  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(950) 	  	  	 	1,450  	  	
Licensing agreements	  	 	400  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(133) 	  	  	 	267  	  	
Other	  	 	689  	  	  	 	(52) 	  	  	 	(192) 	  	  	 	445  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	50,474  	  	  	$	896  	  	  	$	(22,317) 	  	  	$	29,053  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
January 1, 2011	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Customer relationships	  	$	16,772  	  	  	$	1,394  	  	  	$	(6,858) 	  	  	$	11,308  	  	
Intellectual property	  	 	13,693  	  	  	 	32  	  	  	 	(8,313) 	  	  	 	5,412  	  	
Tradenames	  	 	8,166  	  	  	 	3  	  	  	 	(4) 	  	  	 	8,165  	  	
Non-compete agreements	  	 	3,148  	  	  	 	1  	  	  	 	(3,122) 	  	  	 	27  	  	
Distribution network	  	 	2,400  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(806) 	  	  	 	1,594  	  	
Licensing agreements	  	 	400  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(113) 	  	  	 	287  	  	
Other	  	 	118  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(118) 	  	  	 	–  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	    44,697  	  	  	$	    1,430  	  	  	$	    (19,334) 	  	  	$	    26,793  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Amortization of acquired intangible assets was $2,983,000 in 2011, $2,616,000 in 2010, and $2,424,000 in 2009. The estimated future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets is $3,321,000 in 2012; $2,839,000 in 2013; $2,727,000 in 2014; $2,098,000 in 2015; $1,642,000 in 2016; and $8,326,000 in the aggregate thereafter.
Goodwill
Goodwill as of year-end 2011 and 2010 relates entirely to the Company’s Papermaking Systems segment. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in 2011 and 2010 are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Balance as of Beginning of Year:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Gross Balance at Beginning of Year	  	$	183,497  	  	  	$	183,131  	  	
Accumulated Impairment Losses	  	 	(85,509) 	  	  	 	(85,509) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Balance at Beginning of Year	  	 	97,988  	  	  	 	97,622  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Increase due to acquisitions	  	 	9,641  	  	  	 	2,574  	  	
Currency translation adjustment	  	 	(1,670) 	  	  	 	(2,208) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Adjustments	  	 	7,971  	  	  	 	366  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance as of End of Year:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Gross Balance at End of Year	  	 	191,468  	  	  	 	183,497  	  	
Accumulated Impairment Losses	  	 	(85,509) 	  	  	 	(85,509) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Balance at End of Year	  	$	    105,959  	  	  	$	    97,988  	  	

F-13

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates the recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives as of the end of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances, such as a decline in sales, earnings, or cash flows, or material adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that the carrying value of an asset might be impaired. In 2011, the Company early-adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Testing Goodwill for Impairment,  that includes the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount before performing the two-step impairment test as required in ASC 350,  Intangibles - Goodwill and Other . At December 31, 2011, the Company performed a qualitative goodwill impairment analysis. Our December 31, 2011 impairment analysis included an assessment of certain qualitative factors including, but not limited to, the results of the prior year fair value calculation, the movement of the Company’s share price and market capitalization, the reporting unit and overall financial performance, and macroeconomic and industry conditions. We considered the qualitative factors and weighed the evidence obtained, and we determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of any of the reporting units is less than its carrying amount. Although we believe the factors considered in the impairment analysis are reasonable, significant changes in any one of the assumptions used could produce a different result. Additionally, at January 1, 2011, we performed our annual goodwill impairment analysis using the previous guidance and determined that no impairment charge was required. For 2009, as a result of losses experienced during the year, using the previous guidance the Company performed goodwill impairment tests at April 4, 2009, July 4, 2009, October 3, 2009 and January 2, 2010 and determined that no impairment charges were required. As part of the fiscal year 2010 and 2009 impairment tests, the Company compared the sum of the estimated fair values of its reporting units with its fully diluted common stock market capitalization as a basis for concluding as to the reasonableness of the estimated reporting units’ fair values. Goodwill by reporting unit is as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Stock-Preparation	  	$	17,488  	  	  	$	17,461  	  	
Doctoring and Water-Management	  	 	32,032  	  	  	 	23,354  	  	
Fluid-Handling	  	 	56,439  	  	  	 	57,173  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	    105,959  	  	  	$	    97,988  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The Company assesses its long-lived assets, other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable. To analyze recoverability, the Company projects undiscounted net future cash flows over the remaining lives of such assets. If these projected cash flows were less than the carrying amounts, an impairment loss would be recognized, resulting in a write-down of the assets with a corresponding charge to earnings. The impairment loss would be measured based upon the difference between the carrying amounts and the fair values of the assets.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
All assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated at year-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for each quarter in accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” Resulting translation adjustments are reflected in the “accumulated other comprehensive items” component of shareholders’ investment (see Note 14). Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and are not material for the three years presented.
 
F-14

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company recognizes compensation cost for all stock-based payments to employees and directors based on the grant date estimate of fair value for those awards. The Company uses the grant date trading price of the Company’s common stock to determine the fair value for restricted stock units (RSUs) and the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value for stock option grants. Compensation expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period net of estimated forfeitures.
Derivatives
The Company uses derivative instruments primarily to reduce its exposure to changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. When the Company enters into a derivative contract, the Company makes a determination as to whether the transaction is deemed to be a hedge for accounting purposes. For a contract deemed to be a hedge, the Company formally documents the relationship between the derivative instrument and the risk being hedged. In this documentation, the Company specifically identifies the asset, liability, forecasted transaction, cash flow, or net investment that has been designated as the hedged item, and evaluates whether the derivative instrument is expected to reduce the risks associated with the hedged item. To the extent these criteria are not met, the Company does not use hedge accounting for the derivative. The changes in the fair value of a derivative not deemed to be a hedge are recorded currently in earnings. The Company does not hold or engage in transactions involving derivative instruments for purposes other than risk management.
ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” requires that all derivatives be recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the related gains or losses on these contracts are deferred as a component of accumulated other comprehensive items. These deferred gains and losses are recognized in the period in which the underlying anticipated transaction occurs. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, the unrealized gains and losses resulting from the impact of currency exchange rate movements are recognized in earnings in the period in which the exchange rates change and offset the currency gains and losses on the underlying exposures being hedged. The Company performs an evaluation of the effectiveness of the hedge both at inception and on an ongoing basis. The ineffective portion of a hedge, if any, and changes in the fair value of a derivative not deemed to be a hedge, are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2011-08, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing for Impairment . The objective of this update is to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. Under the amendments in this update, an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to perform the first step of the two-step impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing the fair value with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, as described in Topic 350. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then the entity is required to perform the second step of the goodwill impairment test to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any, as described in Topic 350. Under the amendments in this update, an entity has the option to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to performing the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. An entity may resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. The amendments in this update are effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after
 
F-15

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
December 15, 2011, although early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this ASU in fiscal 2011. Adoption of this new guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
Comprehensive Income. In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income . The new guidance eliminates the current option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of stockholders’ equity. Instead, the new rule will require an entity to present net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement, referred to as the statement of comprehensive income, or in two separate but consecutive statements. While the new guidance changes the presentation of comprehensive income, there are no changes to the components that are recognized in net income or other comprehensive income under current accounting guidance. In addition, in December 2011, the FASB issued an amendment to this accounting standard which defers the requirement to present certain components of reclassifications of other comprehensive income on the face of the income statement for all periods presented. During the deferral, entities should continue to report reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income consistent with the presentation requirements in effect prior to the issuance of this amendment. This new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. While the adoption of this new guidance will change the presentation of comprehensive income, it will not have an impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
Fair Value Measurements. In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).  ASU No. 2011-04 establishes a number of new requirements for fair value measurements. These include: (1) a prohibition on grouping financial instruments for purposes of determining fair value, except when an entity manages market and credit risks on the basis of the entity’s net exposure to the group; (2) an extension of the prohibition against the use of a blockage factor to all fair value measurements (that prohibition currently applies only to financial instruments with quoted prices in active markets); and (3) a requirement that for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements, entities disclose quantitative information about unobservable inputs, a description of the valuation process used and qualitative details about the sensitivity of the measurements. In addition, for items not carried at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed, entities will be required to disclose the level within the fair value hierarchy that applies to the fair value measurement disclosed. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
2.	Acquisitions	
On May 27, 2011, a subsidiary in the Company’s Papermaking Systems segment acquired all of the stock of m-clean papertech holding AB (M-Clean), a European-based supplier of equipment used to clean paper machine fabrics and rolls. The aggregate purchase price for this acquisition was $16,104,000. The purchase price included $910,000 of cash acquired and $517,000 of debt assumed.
This acquisition has been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and the results of M-Clean have been included in the accompanying financial statements from the date of its acquisition. The Company recorded acquisition transaction costs of approximately $249,000 in 2011 in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Allocation of the purchase price for the acquisition was based on estimates of the fair values of the net assets acquired. The purchase price allocation includes identifiable intangible assets acquired of $5,777,000, which are being amortized using the straight-line method over a weighted-average period of 8 years. The excess of the acquisition purchase price over the tangible and identifiable intangible assets was recorded as goodwill and totaled $9,641,000, none of which is deductible for tax purposes.
 
F-16

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
2.	Acquisitions (continued)	
 
In 2010, subsidiaries in the Company’s Papermaking Systems segment completed acquisitions of a Canadian-based supplier of pressure screen baskets and a related dewatering equipment product line, as well as a European supplier of fluid-handling systems. The aggregate purchase price for these acquisitions was $8,488,000. Approximately $7,658,000 of the purchase price, which included $4,450,000 of cash acquired, was paid at the closings in 2010. An additional $500,000 of the purchase price was paid in 2011 and contingent consideration of $178,000 may be paid from 2012 to 2013 based on the sales of one of the acquired business’ products. The Company also made final consideration payments totaling $2,592,000 in 2010 for acquisitions completed prior to 2010.
The 2010 acquisitions have been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, and the results of the acquired businesses have been included in the accompanying financial statements from their dates of acquisition. Acquisition transaction costs of approximately $303,000 in 2010 were recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Allocations of the purchase price for the acquisitions were based on estimates of the fair values of the net assets acquired. The purchase price allocations for the 2010 acquisitions include identifiable intangible assets acquired of $1,313,000, which are being amortized using the straight-line method over a weighted-average period of 8 years. The excess of the acquisitions’ purchase price over the tangible and identifiable intangible assets was recorded as goodwill and totaled $2,574,000, of which $740,000 is fully deductible for tax purposes.
The Company’s acquisitions have historically been made at prices above the fair value of the acquired assets, resulting in goodwill, due to expectations of synergies from combining the businesses. The Company anticipates several synergies in connection with these acquisitions, including the use of the Company’s existing distribution channels to expand sales of the products of the acquired businesses.
Pro forma disclosures of the results of operations are not required, as the acquisitions are not considered material business combinations as outlined in FASB ASC 805, “Business Combinations.”
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans	
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
The Company maintains stock-based compensation plans primarily for its key employees and directors, although the plans permit awards to others expected to make significant contributions to the future of the Company. The plans authorize the compensation committee of the Company’s board of directors (the board committee) to award a variety of stock and stock-based incentives, such as restricted stock, restricted stock units, nonqualified and incentive stock options, stock bonus shares, or performance-based shares. The award recipients and the terms of awards, including price, granted under these plans are determined by the board committee. Upon a change-of-control, as defined in the plans, all options or other awards become fully vested and all restrictions lapse. The Company had 696,008 shares available for grant under stock-based compensation plans at year-end 2011. The Company generally issues its common stock out of treasury stock, to the extent available, for share issuances related to its stock-based compensation plans.
The Company recognizes compensation cost for all stock-based payments to employees based on the grant date estimate of fair value for those awards. Total stock-based compensation expense was $3,934,000, $2,754,000, and $2,669,000 in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively, and is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Units
On March 10, 2011, the Company granted an aggregate of 25,000 restricted stock units (RSUs) to its non-employee directors with an aggregate fair value of $613,800, which vested at a rate of 6,250 shares per quarter on the last day of each quarter in 2011. In 2011, the Company also granted to one of its non-employee
 
F-17

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
directors 10,000 RSUs with the same terms and conditions as previously-awarded RSUs granted to its other non-employee directors in prior periods, which will only vest and compensation expense will only be recognized upon a change in control as defined in the Company’s 2006 equity incentive plan. These RSUs, which total 50,000 outstanding in the aggregate and have a fair value of $891,200, will be forfeited if a change in control does not occur before the last day of the first quarter of 2015.
In March 2010, the Company granted an aggregate of 20,000 RSUs to its non-employee directors with an aggregate fair value of $283,400, of which 17,500 shares vested and 2,500 shares were forfeited in 2010. In December 2010, the Company granted 1,250 RSUs to a non-employee director with an aggregate fair value of $27,600, which vested at the end of fiscal 2010.
The Company recognized compensation expense of $613,800, $276,000, and $157,000 in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively, associated with RSUs granted to its non-employee directors.
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
On March 9, 2011, the Company granted to executive officers of the Company performance-based RSUs, which represented, in aggregate, the right to receive 56,698 shares (the target RSU amount), subject to adjustment, with a grant date fair value of $24.90 per share. The RSUs were subject to adjustment based on the achievement of a specified adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) target generated from continuing operations for the 2011 fiscal year, and resulted in an adjusted RSU amount of 85,049 shares deliverable upon vesting. Following adjustment, the RSUs are subject to additional time-based vesting, and will vest in three equal annual installments on March 10 of 2012, 2013, and 2014, provided that the officer is employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates.
On March 3, 2010, the Company granted to executive officers of the Company performance-based RSUs, which represented, in aggregate, the right to receive 59,000 shares (the target RSU amount), subject to adjustment, with a grant date fair value of $14.17 per share. The RSUs were subject to adjustment based on the achievement of a specified adjusted EBITDA target generated from continuing operations for the 2010 fiscal year and resulted in an adjusted RSU amount of 88,501 shares deliverable upon vesting. Following adjustment, the RSUs are subject to additional time-based vesting, and vest in three equal annual installments on March 10 of 2011, 2012, and 2013, provided that the officer is employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates.
On March 3, 2009, the Company granted to executive officers of the Company performance-based RSUs, which represented, in aggregate, the right to receive 92,500 shares (the target RSU amount), subject to adjustment, with a grant date fair value of $8.47 per share. The RSUs were subject to adjustment based on the achievement of a specified adjusted EBITDA target generated from continuing operations for the 2009 fiscal year and resulted in an adjusted RSU amount of 55,610 shares which vested on the last day of the Company’s 2011 fiscal year.
The Company also granted performance-based RSUs to executive officers of the Company in prior periods. The performance-based RSU agreements provide for forfeiture in certain events, such as voluntary or involuntary termination of employment, and for acceleration of vesting in certain events, such as death, disability or a change in control of the Company. If the officer dies or is disabled prior to the vesting date, then a ratable portion of the RSUs will vest. If a change in control occurs prior to the end of the performance period, the officer will receive the target RSU amount; otherwise, the officer will receive the number of deliverable RSUs based on the achievement of the performance goal, as stated in the RSU agreements.
Each performance-based RSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. The Company recognizes compensation expense associated with performance-based RSUs ratably over each vesting tranche based on the grant date fair value. Compensation expense of $1,546,000, $1,327,000 and $1,976,000 associated with performance-based RSUs was recognized in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested performance-based RSUs totaled approximately $1,272,000 at December 31, 2011, and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.
 
F-18

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
Time-Based Restricted Stock Units
The Company granted 357 time-based RSUs on May 25, 2011 and 3,000 time-based RSUs on May 27, 2011 to certain employees of the Company with a grant date fair value of $26.98 and $29.34 per share, respectively. On March 9, 2011, the Company granted 60,988 time-based RSUs to certain employees of the Company with a grant date fair value of $24.90 per share. The RSUs generally vest in three equal installments on March 10 of 2012, 2013, and 2014.
On March 3, 2010, the Company granted 85,000 time-based RSUs to certain employees of the Company with a grant date fair value of $14.17 per share. The RSUs generally vest in three equal installments on March 10 of 2011, 2012, and 2013.
Each time-based RSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. The Company is recognizing compensation expense associated with these time-based RSUs ratably over the vesting period based on the grant date fair value. The time-based RSU agreement provides for forfeiture in certain events, such as voluntary or involuntary termination of employment, and for acceleration of vesting in certain events, such as death, disability, or a change in control of the Company. Compensation expense of $1,052,000, $778,000 and $443,000 associated with these time-based RSUs was recognized in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense related to the time-based RSUs totaled approximately $1,668,000 at December 31, 2011, and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years.
A summary of the activity of the Company’s unvested restricted stock units for 2009, 2010, and 2011 is as follows:

Unvested Restricted Stock Units	  	Units
(In thousands)	 	  	Weighted
Average Grant-
Date Fair Value	 	
Unvested RSUs at January 3, 2009	  	 	294  	  	  	$	        27.05	  	
Granted	  	 	116  	  	  	$	8.15	  	
Vested	  	 	(154) 	  	  	$	25.57	  	
Forfeited / Expired	  	 	(44) 	  	  	$	24.69	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Unvested RSUs at January 2, 2010	  	 	212  	  	  	$	17.89	  	
Granted	  	 	245  	  	  	$	14.53	  	
Vested	  	 	(86) 	  	  	$	20.43	  	
Forfeited / Expired	  	 	(59) 	  	  	$	9.56	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Unvested RSUs at January 1, 2011	  	 	312  	  	  	$	16.77	  	
Granted	  	 	184  	  	  	$	24.91	  	
Vested	  	 	(159) 	  	  	$	19.90	  	
Forfeited / Expired	  	 	(8) 	  	  	$	8.81	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Unvested RSUs at December 31, 2011	  	 	        329  	  	  	$	20.02	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The total fair value of shares vested was $4,071,000, $1,856,000, and $2,394,000 in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. The Company recognized a tax benefit in capital in excess of par value of $363,000, $26,000, and $33,000 in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively, associated with the vesting of restricted stock units.
Stock Options
Options granted from 2001 through 2011 have been nonqualified options that vest over three years and are not exercisable until vested. To date, all options have been granted at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.
 
F-19

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
On March 9, 2011 and March 3, 2010, the Company granted stock options to purchase 81,637 and 140,000 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock to executive officers of the Company. The stock options vest in three equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date, provided that the executive officer remains employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates. The Company is recognizing compensation expense associated with these stock options ratably over the vesting period based on the grant date fair value. Compensation expense of $628,000 and $287,000 associated with these stock options was recognized in 2011 and 2010, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense related to these stock options totaled approximately $1,169,000 at December 31, 2011, and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.
For 2010 and 2011, the fair value of each option grant was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, assuming no expected dividends, with the following assumptions:

 	  	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Options Granted	  	 	81,637	  	 	 	140,000	  	
Weighted-average Exercise Price	  	$	24.90	  	 	$	14.17	  	
Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value	  	$	12.85	  	 	$	7.39	  	
Volatility	  	 	45	% 	 	 	45	% 	
Risk-Free Interest Rate	  	 	2.86	% 	 	 	3.04	% 	
Expected Life of Options	  	 	7.4 years	  	 	 	7.5 years	  	
The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option-pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected stock price volatility. Expected stock price volatility was calculated based on a review of the Company’s actual historic stock prices commensurate with the expected life of the award. The expected option life was derived based on a review of the Company’s historic option holding periods, including consideration of the holding period inherent in currently vested but unexercised options. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities for a period that is commensurate with the expected term of the option. The compensation expense recognized for all equity-based awards is net of estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated based on an analysis of actual option forfeitures.
The Company did not grant stock options in 2009. A summary of the Company’s stock option activity for 2010 and 2011 is as follows:

(in thousands, except per share amounts)	  	Number
of
Shares	 	  	Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price	 	  	Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life	 	  	Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (a)	 	
Options Outstanding at January 2, 2010	  	 	21  	  	  	$	19.13    	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Granted	  	 	140  	  	  	$	14.17    	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Options Outstanding at January 1, 2011	  	 	161  	  	  	$	14.82    	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Granted	  	 	82  	  	  	$	24.90    	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Exercised	  	 	(8) 	  	  	$	20.01    	  	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Options Outstanding at December 31, 2011	  	 	235  	  	  	$	18.15    	  	  	 	8.1 years    	  	  	$	1,236    	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Vested and Unvested Expected to Vest, End of Year	  	 	        235  	  	  	$	    18.15    	  	  	 	    8.1 years    	  	  	$	    1,236    	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Options Exercisable, End of Year	  	 	60  	  	  	$	15.18    	  	  	 	6.5 years    	  	  	$	448    	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
(a) The closing price per share on the last trading day prior to December 31, 2011 was $22.61.
 
F-20

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
There were no stock option exercises in 2009 and 2010. A summary of the Company’s stock option exercises in 2011 is as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	
Total intrinsic value of options exercised	  	$	39	  	
Cash received from options exercised	  	$	        150	  	
Income tax benefits from options exercised	  	$	8	  	
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Substantially all of the Company’s full-time U.S. employees are eligible to participate in its employee stock purchase plan. Under the plan, shares of the Company’s common stock may be purchased at a 15% discount from the fair market value at the beginning or end of the purchase period, whichever is lower. Shares purchased under the plan are subject to a one-year resale restriction and are purchased through payroll deductions of up to 10% of each participating employee’s gross wages. For the 2011, 2010, and 2009 plan years, the Company issued 12,509 shares, 25,466 shares, and 30,509 shares, respectively, of its common stock under this plan.
401(k) Savings and Other Defined Contribution Plans
The Company’s U.S. subsidiaries participate in the Kadant Inc. 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan sponsored by the Company. Contributions to the plan are made by both the employee and the Company and are immediately vested. Company contributions are based upon the level of employee contributions. Effective April 2009, 401(k) retirement savings plans previously sponsored by two of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries were merged into this plan. Prior to April 2009, two of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries sponsored separate 401(k) retirement savings plans. Contributions to these plans were made by both the employee and the Company and were immediately vested. Company contributions were based on the level of employee contributions.
Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries offer other retirement plans, the majority of which are defined contribution plans. Company contributions to these plans are based on formulas determined by the Company.
For these plans, the Company contributed and charged to expense approximately $2,294,000, $2,174,000, and $2,318,000 in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.
Defined Benefit Pension Plan and Post-Retirement Welfare Benefits Plans
The Company sponsors a noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan for the benefit of eligible employees at its Kadant Solutions division and the corporate office. Benefits under the plan are based on years of service and employee compensation. Funds are contributed to a trustee as necessary to provide for current service and for any unfunded projected benefit obligation over a reasonable period. Effective December 31, 2005, this plan was closed to new participants. The Company also has a post-retirement welfare benefits plan for the benefit of eligible employees at its Kadant Solutions division (included in the table below in “Other Benefits”). No future retirees are eligible for this post-retirement welfare benefits plan, and the plans include limits on the employer’s contributions.
In March 2011, the Company approved a Restoration Plan (included in the table below in “Other Benefits”) for the benefit of certain executive officers who are also participants of the noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan. This plan provides a benefit equal to the benefits lost under the noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan as a consequence of applicable Internal Revenue Service limits on the levels of contributions and benefits.
The Company’s Kadant Lamort subsidiary sponsors a defined benefit pension plan (included in the table below in “Other Benefits”). Benefits under this plan are based on years of service and projected employee compensation.
The Company’s Kadant Johnson subsidiary also offers a post-retirement welfare benefits plan (included in the table below in “Other Benefits”) to its U.S. employees upon attainment of eligible retirement age. This plan was closed to employees who did not meet its retirement eligibility requirements on January 1, 2012.
 
F-21

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
In accordance with ASC 715, “Compensation–Retirement Benefits,” (ASC 715), an employer is required to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit post-retirement plan as an asset or liability in its balance sheet and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. These amounts will be subsequently recognized as net periodic pension cost pursuant to the Company’s historical accounting policy for amortizing such amounts. Further, actuarial gains and losses that arise in subsequent periods and are not recognized as net periodic pension cost in the same periods will be recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive items. The actuarial loss and prior service loss included in accumulated other comprehensive items and expected to be recognized in net periodic pension cost in 2012 are $427,000 and $54,000, respectively.
The following table summarizes the change in benefit obligation; the change in plan assets; the unfunded status; and the amounts recognized in the balance sheet for the Company’s pension benefits and other benefits plans. The measurement date for all items set forth below is the last day of the fiscal year presented.

 	  	Pension Benefits	 	  	Other Benefits	 	
(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Change in Benefit Obligation:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	  	$	26,734  	  	  	$	24,447  	  	  	$	3,975  	  	  	$	4,261  	  	
Service cost	  	 	855  	  	  	 	820  	  	  	 	187  	  	  	 	100  	  	
Interest cost	  	 	1,298  	  	  	 	1,294  	  	  	 	237  	  	  	 	218  	  	
Actuarial loss	  	 	4,451  	  	  	 	1,065  	  	  	 	527  	  	  	 	373  	  	
Prior service cost	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	960  	  	  	 	81  	  	
Benefits paid	  	 	(1,744) 	  	  	 	(892) 	  	  	 	(437) 	  	  	 	(606) 	  	
Curtailment gain	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	– 	  	  	 	(298) 	  	
Effect of currency translation	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(47) 	  	  	 	(154) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Benefit obligation at end of year	  	$	31,594  	  	  	$	26,734  	  	  	$	5,402  	  	  	$	3,975  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Change in Plan Assets:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	  	$	23,965  	  	  	$	20,430  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	
Actual return on plan assets	  	 	3,272  	  	  	 	2,227  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	
Employer contribution	  	 	900  	  	  	 	2,200  	  	  	 	437  	  	  	 	606  	  	
Benefits paid	  	 	(1,744) 	  	  	 	(892) 	  	  	 	(437) 	  	  	 	(606) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	  	$	26,393  	  	  	$	23,965  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Unfunded status	  	$	(5,201) 	  	  	$	(2,769) 	  	  	$	(5,402) 	  	  	$	(3,975) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Accumulated benefit obligation as of year-end	  	$	25,928  	  	  	$	22,254  	  	  	$	1,345  	  	  	$	1,190  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Amounts Recognized in the Balance Sheet Consist of:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Current liability	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	(444) 	  	  	$	–  	  	
Non-current liability	  	$	(5,201) 	  	  	$	(2,769) 	  	  	$	(4,958) 	  	  	$	    (3,975) 	  	
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items Before Tax Consist of:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Unrecognized net actuarial loss	  	$	(10,205) 	  	  	$	(8,030) 	  	  	$	(857) 	  	  	$	(360) 	  	
Unrecognized prior service (cost) income	  	 	(329) 	  	  	 	(384) 	  	  	 	(908) 	  	  	 	35  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	    (10,534) 	  	  	$	    (8,414) 	  	  	$	    (1,765) 	  	  	$	(325) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Changes in Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items Before Tax:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Current year unrecognized net actuarial loss	  	$	(2,608) 	  	  	$	(251) 	  	  	$	(527) 	  	  	$	(373) 	  	
Current year prior service cost	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(960) 	  	  	 	(81) 	  	
Current year curtailment	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	82  	  	
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost (income)	  	 	55  	  	  	 	55  	  	  	 	15  	  	  	 	(58) 	  	
Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial loss	  	 	433  	  	  	 	439  	  	  	 	28  	  	  	 	13  	  	
Effect of currency translation	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	4  	  	  	 	7  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total	  	$	(2,120) 	  	  	$	243  	  	  	$	(1,440) 	  	  	$	(410) 	  	

F-22

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation as of year-end were as follows:

 	  	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
 	  	    2011    	 	 	    2010    	 	 	    2011    	 	 	    2010    	 	
Discount rate	  	 	4.28	% 	 	 	5.25	% 	 	 	4.44	% 	 	 	5.05	% 	
Rate of compensation increase	  	 	4.00	% 	 	 	4.00	% 	 	 	3.28	% 	 	 	2.00	% 	
The projected benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for the Company’s pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:

 	  	Pension Benefits	 	  	Other Benefits	 	
(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Pension Plans with Projected Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Projected benefit obligation	  	$	31,594	  	  	$	26,734	  	  	$	1,790	  	  	$	1,574	  	
Fair value of plan assets	  	$	26,393	  	  	$	23,965	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	–	  	
The accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for the Company’s pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:

 	  	Pension Benefits	 	  	Other Benefits	 	
(In thousands)	  	    2011    	 	  	    2010    	 	  	    2011    	 	  	    2010    	 	
Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Accumulated benefit obligation	  	$	            –	  	  	$	            –	  	  	$	    1,345	  	  	$	    1,190	  	
Fair value of plan assets	  	$	–	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	–	  	
The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) were as follows:

 	  	Pension Benefits	 	  	Other Benefits	 	
(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Income):	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Service cost	  	$	855  	  	  	$	820  	  	  	$	820  	  	  	$	187  	  	  	$	100  	  	  	$	147  	  	
Interest cost	  	 	1,298  	  	  	 	1,294  	  	  	 	1,322  	  	  	 	237  	  	  	 	218  	  	  	 	252  	  	
Expected return on plan assets	  	 	  (1,429) 	  	  	 	  (1,412) 	  	  	 	  (1,297) 	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	
Recognized net actuarial loss	  	 	433  	  	  	 	439  	  	  	 	497  	  	  	 	28  	  	  	 	13  	  	  	 	2  	  	
Amortization of prior service cost (income)	  	 	55  	  	  	 	55  	  	  	 	55  	  	  	 	15  	  	  	 	(58) 	  	  	 	(454) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	  	 	1,212  	  	  	 	1,196  	  	  	 	1,397  	  	  	 	467  	  	  	 	273  	  	  	 	(53) 	  	
Curtailment gain	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(219) 	  	  	 	(279) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net periodic benefit cost (income)	  	$	1,212  	  	  	$	1,196  	  	  	$	1,397  	  	  	$	    467  	  	  	$	    54  	  	  	$	    (332) 	  	

F-23

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost (income) were as follows:

 	  	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
 	  	    2011    	 	 	    2010    	 	 	    2009    	 	 	    2011    	 	 	    2010    	 	 	    2009    	 	
Discount rate	  	 	5.25	% 	 	 	5.75	% 	 	 	6.25	% 	 	 	5.04	% 	 	 	5.52	% 	 	 	6.37	% 	
Expected long-term return on plan assets	  	 	6.25	% 	 	 	7.00	% 	 	 	8.50	% 	 	 	–	  	 	 	–	  	 	 	–	  	
Rate of compensation increase	  	 	4.00	% 	 	 	4.00	% 	 	 	4.00	% 	 	 	3.28	% 	 	 	2.00	% 	 	 	2.00	% 	
In developing the overall expected long-term return on plan assets assumption, a building block approach was used in which rates of return in excess of inflation were considered separately for equity securities, debt securities, and other assets. The excess returns were weighted by the representative target allocation and added along with an appropriate rate of inflation to develop the overall expected long-term return on plan assets assumption. The Company believes this determination is consistent with ASC 715.
Assumed weighted-average healthcare cost trend rates as of year-end were as follows:

 	  	    2011    	 	 	    2010    	 	
Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year	  	 	8.00	% 	 	 	8.00	% 	
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate	  	 	0.00	% 	 	 	0.00	% 	
Year assumed rate reaches ultimate rate	  	 	2018	  	 	 	2018	  	
Assumed healthcare cost trend rates can have a significant effect on the amounts reported for healthcare benefits. A one-percentage point change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have the following effects:

(In thousands)	  	1 Percentage
Point Increase	 	  	1 Percentage
Point Decrease	 	
Effect on total of service and interest cost components—(expense) income	  	$	– 	  	  	$	–	  	
Effect on post-retirement benefit obligation—(increase) decrease	  	$	        (1)	  	  	$	            1	  	
Plan Assets
The fair values of the Company’s noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan assets at year-end 2011 and 2010 by asset category are as follows:

 	  	2011
Fair Value Measurement	 	
(In thousands)	  	Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)	 	  	Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	  	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	  	Total	 	
Asset Category:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Mutual Funds:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
U.S. Equity (a)	  	$	3,040  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	3,040  	  	
International Equity (a)	  	$	697  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	697  	  	
Fixed Income (b)	  	$	        14,186  	  	  	$	        8,470  	  	  	$	        –  	  	  	$	    22,656  	  	
 
F-24

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	

 	  	2010
Fair Value Measurement	 	
(In thousands)	  	Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)	 	  	Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	  	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	  	Total	 	
Asset Category:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Mutual Funds:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
U.S. Equity (a)	  	$	        3,258  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	3,258  	  	
International Equity (a)	  	$	815  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	815  	  	
Fixed Income (b)	  	$	12,814  	  	  	$	        7,078  	  	  	$	        –  	  	  	$	    19,892  	  	

(a)	Common stock index funds.	
(b)	Investments in commingled funds that invest in a diversified blend of investment and non-investment grade fixed income securities.	
Description of Fair Value Measurements
    Level 1 – Quoted, active market prices for identical assets. Share prices of the funds, referred to as a fund’s Net Asset Value (NAV), are calculated daily based on the closing market prices and accruals of securities in the fund’s total portfolio (total value of the fund) divided by the number of fund shares currently issued and outstanding. Redemptions of the mutual funds occur by contract at the respective fund’s redemption date NAV.
    Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, based on model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets. The NAVs of the funds are calculated monthly based on the closing market prices and accruals of securities in the fund’s total portfolio (total value of the fund) divided by the number of fund shares currently issued and outstanding. Redemptions of the mutual funds occur by contract at the respective fund’s redemption date NAV.
    Level 3 – Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions.
The Company has developed an investment policy for its noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan. The investment strategy is to emphasize total return, that is, the aggregate return from capital appreciation and dividend and interest income. The primary objective of the investment management for the plan’s assets is the emphasis on consistent growth, specifically, growth in a manner that protects the plan’s assets from excessive volatility in market value from year to year. The investment policy takes into consideration the benefit obligations, including timing of distributions.
The primary objective for the noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan is to provide long-term capital appreciation through investment in equity and debt securities. The following target asset allocation has been established for the plan:

Asset Category	  	    Minimum    	  	    Neutral    	  	    Maximum    	
Equity securities	  	10%	  	15%	  	20%	
Debt securities	  	80%	  	85%	  	90%	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
Total	  	 	  	        100%	  	 	
 	  	 	  	 	  	 	
All equity securities must be drawn from recognized securities exchanges. Debt securities must be weighted to reflect a portfolio average maturity of not more than ten years, with average benchmark duration of five years. The credit quality must equal or exceed high investment grade quality (“Baa” or better).
 
F-25

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
Cash Flows
Contributions
The Company expects to make cash contributions of $960,000 to its noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan in 2012. For the remaining pension and post-retirement welfare benefits plans, no cash contributions other than to fund current benefit payments are expected in 2012.
Estimated Future Benefit Payments
The following benefit payments, which reflect future service as appropriate, are expected to be paid. The benefit payments are based on the same assumptions used to measure the Company’s benefit obligation at year-end 2011.

(In thousands)	  	Pension
    Benefits    	 	  	Other
    Benefits    	 	
2012	  	$	3,298	  	  	$	445	  	
2013	  	 	1,435	  	  	 	265	  	
2014	  	 	1,154	  	  	 	263	  	
2015	  	 	2,221	  	  	 	266	  	
2016	  	 	1,549	  	  	 	317	  	
2017-2021	  	 	12,975	  	  	 	2,507	  	
Information and Assumptions for the Post-Retirement Welfare Benefits Plan
All eligible retirees of the Company’s Kadant Solutions division are currently participating in a post-retirement welfare benefits plan, with no future retirees eligible to participate. Effective September 1, 2003, the monthly contribution to the plan was capped at $358 per participant. For the majority of the retirees in the plan, no healthcare cost trend rate is assumed, as the Company cap applies. For the remainder, the healthcare cost trend rate is assumed to be 8% in 2011, decreasing to an ultimate rate of 0% in 2018, at which time the plan caps on benefits are expected to apply to all benefits.
All eligible retirees of the Company’s Kadant Johnson Inc. subsidiary are currently participating in a post-retirement welfare benefits plan. Kadant Johnson pays 75% of all plan costs for retirees with a retirement date prior to January 1, 2005, and 50% of all plan costs for retirees with a retirement date after January 1, 2005, with no limits on its contributions up to annual employee and plan stop loss limitations. This plan was closed to employees who did not meet its retirement eligibility requirements on January 1, 2012. The medical healthcare cost trend rate no longer affects the amounts reported for the health care benefits in this plan.
 
4.	Preferred and Common Stock	
Preferred Stock
The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation authorizes up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par value per share, for issuance by the Company’s board of directors without further shareholder approval.
Common Stock
At year-end 2011, the Company had reserved 1,392,036 unissued shares of its common stock for possible issuance under its stock-based compensation plans.
 
F-26

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
5.	Income Taxes	
The components of income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
Domestic	  	$	9,823  	  	  	$	6,484  	  	  	$	(7,353) 	  	
Foreign	  	 	28,320  	  	  	 	17,364  	  	  	 	5,095  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	    38,143  	  	  	$	    23,848  	  	  	$	    (2,258) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The components of the provision for income taxes from continuing operations are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
Current Provision:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Federal	  	$	123  	  	  	$	(630) 	  	  	$	1,320  	  	
Foreign	  	 	5,575  	  	  	 	3,976  	  	  	 	1,337  	  	
State	  	 	473  	  	  	 	603  	  	  	 	143  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	    6,171  	  	  	 	    3,949  	  	  	 	    2,800  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred (Benefit) Provision:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Federal	  	 	(317) 	  	  	 	999  	  	  	 	666  	  	
Foreign	  	 	(1,309) 	  	  	 	107  	  	  	 	387  	  	
State	  	 	(260) 	  	  	 	143  	  	  	 	(161) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	 	(1,886) 	  	  	 	1,249  	  	  	 	892  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	4,285  	  	  	$	5,198  	  	  	$	3,692  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The provision (benefit) for income taxes included in the accompanying statement of operations is as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
Continuing Operations	  	$	4,285  	  	  	$	    5,198  	  	  	$	    3,692  	  	
Discontinued Operation	  	 	    (1,511) 	  	  	 	(164) 	  	  	 	(10) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	2,774  	  	  	$	5,034  	  	  	$	3,682  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The Company receives a tax deduction upon the exercise of nonqualified stock options by employees equal to the difference between the market price and the exercise price of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise. There were no stock option exercises in 2010 and 2009. The current provision for income taxes does not reflect $8,000 of such benefits from the exercise of stock options that were allocated to capital in excess of par value in 2011. In addition, in 2011, 2010, and 2009, a tax benefit of $363,000, $26,000, and $33,000 respectively, was allocated to capital in excess of par value associated with the vesting of restricted stock units.
 
F-27

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
5.	Income Taxes (continued)	
 
The provision for income taxes from continuing operations in the accompanying statement of operations differs from the provision calculated by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% to income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes due to the following:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes at Statutory Rate	  	$	    13,350  	  	  	$	    8,347 	  	  	$	    (790) 	  	
Increases (Decreases) Resulting From:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
State income taxes, net of federal tax	  	 	(140) 	  	  	 	485  	  	  	 	(57) 	  	
U.S. tax cost (benefit) of foreign earnings	  	 	(53) 	  	  	 	1,108  	  	  	 	7,848  	  	
Foreign tax rate differential	  	 	(3,094) 	  	  	 	(2,039) 	  	  	 	(1,531) 	  	
Unrecognized tax benefit reserves, net	  	 	(1,596) 	  	  	 	(386) 	  	  	 	913  	  	
Change in valuation allowance	  	 	(4,183) 	  	  	 	(2,051) 	  	  	 	(2,652) 	  	
Nondeductible expenses	  	 	746  	  	  	 	426  	  	  	 	474  	  	
Research and development tax credits	  	 	(324) 	  	  	 	(266) 	  	  	 	(545) 	  	
Other	  	 	(421) 	  	  	 	(426) 	  	  	 	32  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	4,285  	  	  	$	5,198  	  	  	$	3,692  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The U.S. tax cost of foreign earnings in 2009 primarily includes a $22,274,000 provision related to foreign cash repatriation offset by a $14,630,000 benefit from foreign tax credits associated with the repatriation of foreign earnings.
Net deferred tax liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet consists of the following:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Deferred Tax Liability:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Foreign and alternative minimum tax credits	  	$	8,050  	  	  	$	8,774  	  	
Reserves and accruals	  	 	6,651  	  	  	 	5,377  	  	
Operating loss carryforwards	  	 	14,515  	  	  	 	14,393  	  	
Inventory basis difference	  	 	2,443  	  	  	 	2,403  	  	
Research and development	  	 	1,316  	  	  	 	1,477  	  	
Employee compensation	  	 	1,847  	  	  	 	1,739  	  	
Allowance for doubtful accounts	  	 	458  	  	  	 	411  	  	
Other	  	 	176  	  	  	 	36  	  	
Revenue recognition	  	 	328  	  	  	 	–  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred Tax Asset, Gross	  	 	35,784  	  	  	 	34,610  	  	
Less: Valuation Allowance	  	 	(21,014) 	  	  	 	(25,884) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred Tax Asset, Net	  	 	14,770  	  	  	 	8,726  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Goodwill and intangible assets	  	 	(15,244) 	  	  	 	(11,537) 	  	
Fixed assets basis difference	  	 	(3,313) 	  	  	 	(2,987) 	  	
Revenue recognition	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(76) 	  	
Reserves and accruals	  	 	(398) 	  	  	 	(446) 	  	
Other	  	 	(149) 	  	  	 	(124) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Deferred Tax Liability	  	 	(19,104) 	  	  	 	(15,170) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Deferred Tax Liability	  	$	(4,334) 	  	  	$	(6,444) 	  	

F-28

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
5.	Income Taxes (continued)	
 
The deferred tax asset and liability are presented in the accompanying balance sheet within other current assets, other assets, other current liabilities and deferred income taxes based on when the tax benefits are expected to be realized and on a net basis by tax jurisdiction.
The Company has established valuation allowances related to certain domestic and foreign deferred tax assets and tax credits. The valuation allowance at year-end 2011 was $21,014,000, consisting of $8,096,000 in the U.S. and $12,918,000 in foreign jurisdictions. The decrease in the valuation allowance in 2011 of $4,870,000 related primarily to the release of a portion of the valuation allowances in the U.S. and China. Compliance with ASC 740 requires the Company to periodically evaluate the necessity of establishing or adjusting a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets depending on whether it is more likely than not that a related tax benefit will be recognized in future periods. When assessing the need for a valuation allowance in a tax jurisdiction, the Company evaluates the weight of all available evidence to determine whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As part of this evaluation, the Company considers its cumulative three-year history of earnings before income taxes, taxable income in prior carryback years, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, and expected future results of operations. As of year-end 2011, in the U.S. and China the Company was in a three-year cumulative income position and expects income from operations in 2012; as a result, the Company released its tax valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets in both jurisdictions. As of year-end 2011, the Company continued to maintain a valuation allowance in the U.S. primarily against all of its foreign tax credits due to the uncertainty of future foreign source income. As of year-end 2011, the Company maintained a full valuation allowance in certain foreign jurisdictions because of the uncertainty of future profitability.
At year-end 2011, the Company had domestic state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $29,452,000 and $56,241,000, respectively, U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards of $6,890,000, U.S. research and development tax credits of $322,000, and U.S. alternative minimum tax credits of $1,154,000. The domestic state loss carryforwards will expire in the years 2012 through 2030. Their use is limited to future taxable earnings from the Company’s domestic subsidiaries. Of the foreign net operating loss carryforwards, $13,016,000 expire in the years 2012 through 2030, and the remainder do not expire. The U.S. foreign tax credits expire beginning in 2012. The research and development tax credits begin to expire in 2021 and the alternative minimum tax credits may be carried forward indefinitely.
The Company has not recognized a deferred tax liability for the difference between the book basis and the tax basis of its investment in the stock of its domestic subsidiaries, related primarily to unremitted earnings of subsidiaries, because it does not expect this basis difference to become subject to tax at the parent level. The Company believes it can implement certain tax strategies to recover its investment in its domestic subsidiaries tax-free.
The severe economic downturn that began at the end of 2008 and continued into 2009 negatively affected the Company’s quarterly EBITDA, which is a factor used in the financial covenants in its 2008 Credit Agreement. In the second quarter of 2009, the Company implemented a one-time cash repatriation plan to ensure that it would continue to remain in compliance with these financial covenants. Under this plan, the Company repatriated $35,612,000 of cash in 2009 from its foreign subsidiaries, which was used to repay a portion of the Company’s outstanding debt obligations in the U.S. and China. It is the Company’s intention to reinvest indefinitely the remaining earnings of its international subsidiaries in order to support the current and future capital needs of their operations. Through year-end 2011, the Company has not provided for U.S. income taxes on approximately $119,803,000 of unremitted foreign earnings. The U.S. tax cost has not been determined due to the fact that it is not practicable to estimate at this time. The related foreign tax withholding, which would be required if the Company were to remit the foreign earnings to the U.S., would be approximately $1,117,000. The Company has two subsidiaries located in China that have a tax holiday, which reduces the income tax in that country. The tax holiday began in 2007 for each company and expired at the end of 2011. The Company realized a benefit of $832,000, or $.07 per diluted share, in 2011 from the tax holiday.
 
F-29

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
5.	Income Taxes (continued)	
 
The Company operates within multiple tax jurisdictions and could be subject to audit in those jurisdictions. Such audits can involve complex issues, which may require an extended period of time to resolve and may cover multiple years. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all years subject to audit.
As of year-end 2011, the Company had $3,308,000 of unrecognized tax benefits which, if recognized, would reduce the effective tax rate. A tabular reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits at year-end 2011 and 2010 is as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of year	  	 	  	$	    6,134  	  	  	$	6,139  	  	
Gross increases—tax positions in prior periods	  	 	  	 	102  	  	  	 	35  	  	
Gross decreases—tax positions in prior periods	  	 	  	 	(1,353) 	  	  	 	(185) 	  	
Gross increases—current-period tax positions	  	 	  	 	1,469  	  	  	 	422  	  	
Settlements	  	 	  	 	(940) 	  	  	 	(255) 	  	
Lapses of statutes of limitation	  	 	  	 	(1,914) 	  	  	 	(217) 	  	
Currency translation	  	 	  	 	(190) 	  	  	 	195  	  	
 	  	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of year	  	 	  	$	3,308  	  	  	$	    6,134  	  	
 	  	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company has accrued $1,194,000 and $1,574,000 for the potential payment of interest and penalties at year-end 2011 and 2010, respectively. The interest and penalties reflected in the statement of operations was a benefit of $581,000 in 2011 and an expense of $33,000 in 2010.
The Company is currently under audit in the U.S. and certain non-U.S. taxing jurisdictions. It is reasonably possible that over the next twelve months the amount of unrecognized tax benefits may be reduced by up to $658,000 due to the re-evaluation of current uncertain tax positions as a result of the examinations or from the expiration of tax statutes.
As of year-end 2011, the Company was subject to U.S. Federal income tax examinations for the stub period from January to August 2001 when the Company was part of its former parent company’s tax return and for the tax years 2008 through 2011, and to non-U.S. income tax examinations for the tax years 2004 through 2011. In addition, the Company was subject to state and local income tax examinations in the U.S. for the tax years 2002 through 2011.
 
6.	Short- and Long-Term Obligations	
Short- and long-term obligations at year-end 2011 and 2010 are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Revolving Credit Facility	  	$	5,000  	  	  	$	15,000  	  	
Variable Rate Term Loan, due from 2012 to 2016	  	 	7,250  	  	  	 	7,750  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Short- and Long-Term Obligations	  	 	12,250  	  	  	 	22,750  	  	
Less: Short-Term Obligations and Current Maturities	  	 	(500) 	  	  	 	(5,500) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Long-Term Obligations, less Current Maturities	  	$	    11,750  	  	  	$	    17,250  	  	

F-30

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
6.	Short- and Long-Term Obligations (continued)	
 
The annual payment requirements for short- and long-term obligations are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	 	 	
2012	  	$	500	  	
2013	  	 	5,500	  	
2014	  	 	500	  	
2015	  	 	500	  	
2016	  	 	5,250	  	
The weighted average interest rate for short- and long-term obligations was 5.31% and 4.06% at year-end 2011 and 2010, respectively.
See Note 11 for the fair value information related to the Company’s long-term obligations.
Revolving Credit Facility
On February 13, 2008, the Company entered into a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility (2008 Credit Agreement) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $75,000,000, which includes an uncommitted unsecured incremental borrowing facility of up to an additional $75,000,000. The Company can borrow up to $75,000,000 under the 2008 Credit Agreement with a sublimit of $60,000,000 within the 2008 Credit Agreement available for the issuances of letters of credit and bank guarantees. The principal on any borrowings made under the 2008 Credit Agreement is due on February 13, 2013. Interest on any loans outstanding under the 2008 Credit Agreement accrues and is payable quarterly in arrears at one of the following rates selected by the Company: (a) the prime rate plus an applicable margin (up to .20%) or (b) a Eurocurrency rate plus an applicable margin (up to 1.20%). The applicable margin is determined based upon the Company’s total debt to EBITDA, as defined in the 2008 Credit Agreement, ratio. As of year-end 2011, the outstanding balance on the 2008 Credit Agreement was $5,000,000. The Company had $69,157,000 of borrowing capacity available under the committed portion of the 2008 Credit Agreement. The amount the Company is able to borrow under the 2008 Credit Agreement is the total borrowing capacity less any outstanding borrowings, letters of credit and multi-currency borrowings issued under the 2008 Credit Agreement.
The obligations of the Company under the 2008 Credit Agreement may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2008 Credit Agreement, which includes customary events of default including, without limitation, payment defaults, defaults in the performance of affirmative and negative covenants, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, bankruptcy- and insolvency-related defaults, defaults relating to such matters as the Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), uninsured judgments and the failure to pay certain indebtedness, and a change of control default.
The loans under the 2008 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company pursuant to the Guarantee Agreement effective as of February 13, 2008. In addition, the 2008 Credit Agreement contains negative covenants applicable to the Company, including financial covenants requiring the Company to comply with a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.5 and a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.2, and restrictions on liens, indebtedness, fundamental changes, dispositions of property, making certain restricted payments (including dividends and stock repurchases), investments, transactions with affiliates, sale and leaseback transactions, swap agreements, changing its fiscal year, arrangements affecting subsidiary distributions, entering into new lines of business, and certain actions related to the discontinued operation. As of year-end 2011, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
 
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Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
6.	Short- and Long-Term Obligations (continued)	
 
2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan
On May 4, 2006, the Company borrowed $10,000,000 under a promissory note (2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan), which is repayable in quarterly installments of $125,000 over a ten-year period with the remaining principal balance of $5,000,000 due upon maturity. Interest on the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan accrues and is payable quarterly in arrears at one of the following rates selected by the Company: (a) the prime rate or (b) the three-month London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a .75% margin. The 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan is guaranteed and secured by real estate and related personal property of the Company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries, located in Theodore, Alabama; Auburn, Massachusetts; and Three Rivers, Michigan; pursuant to mortgage and security agreements dated May 4, 2006 (Mortgage and Security Agreements). As of year-end 2011, the remaining balance on the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan was $7,250,000.
The Company’s obligations under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan and the Mortgage and Security Agreements, which include customary events of default including without limitation payment defaults, defaults in the performance of covenants and obligations, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, bankruptcy- and insolvency-related defaults, liens on the properties or collateral and uninsured judgments. In addition, the occurrence of an event of default under the 2008 Credit Agreement or any successor credit facility would be an event of default under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan.
Debt Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs are being amortized to interest expense over the corresponding debt term based on the effective-interest method. As of year-end 2011, unamortized debt issuance costs were approximately $173,000.
 
7.	Commitments and Contingencies	
Operating Leases
The Company occupies office and operating facilities under various operating leases. The accompanying consolidated statement of operations includes expenses from operating leases of $2,043,000, $1,919,000, and $2,105,000 in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. The future minimum payments due under noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2011 are $1,828,000 in 2012; $1,058,000 in 2013; $648,000 in 2014; $458,000 in 2015; $302,000 in 2016 and $85,000 thereafter. Total future minimum lease payments are $4,379,000.
Letters of Credit
Outstanding letters of credit issued on behalf of the Company as applicant, principally relating to performance obligations and customer deposit guarantees, totaled $14,158,000 at year-end 2011. Certain of the Company’s contracts, particularly for stock-preparation and systems orders, require the Company to provide a standby letter of credit to a customer as beneficiary, limited in amount to a negotiated percentage of the total contract value, in order to guarantee warranty and performance obligations of the Company under the contract. Typically, these standby letters of credit expire without being drawn by the beneficiary.
Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is, at times, required to issue limited performance guarantees, some of which do not require the issuance of letters of credit to customers in support of these guarantees, relating to its equipment and systems. The Company typically limits its liability under these guarantees to amounts that would not exceed the value of the contract. The Company believes that it has adequate reserves for any potential liability in connection with such guarantees.
 
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Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
8.	Restructuring Costs and Other Income, Net	
Other Income
In 2011, other income consisted of a pre-tax gain of $2,282,000 from the sale of real estate in China. In 2010, the Company sold real estate in the U.S. for cash proceeds of $2,583,000, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $1,033,000 and recognized a curtailment gain on a pension liability of $219,000 associated with the reduction of 25 employees in France.
2011 Restructuring Plan
The Company recorded restructuring costs of $408,000 in 2011 in its Papermaking Systems segment consisting of severance and associated costs related to the reduction of 73 employees in China to adjust our cost structure and streamline our operations.
2009 Restructuring Plan
The Company recorded restructuring costs of $3,858,000 in 2009 associated with its 2009 Restructuring Plan, which consisted of severance and associated costs related to the reduction of 133 employees in Europe, China, the U.S., and Canada, all in its Papermaking Systems segment. These actions were taken to further adjust the Company’s cost structure and streamline its operations in response to the weak economic environment. The Company recorded additional restructuring costs of $105,000 in 2010 associated with its 2009 Restructuring Plan.
2008 Restructuring Plan
The Company recorded total restructuring costs of $4,373,000 in 2008 and 2009 associated with its 2008 Restructuring Plan. These restructuring costs included facility-related costs of $314,000 and severance and associated costs of $4,059,000 related to the reduction of 329 employees in China, North America, Latin America, and Europe, all in its Papermaking Systems segment. The Company took these actions to adjust its cost structure and streamline its operations in response to the weak economic environment at the time. The Company recorded additional restructuring costs of $142,000 in 2010 associated with its 2008 Restructuring Plan.
 
F-33

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
8.	Restructuring Costs and Other Income, Net (continued)	
 
A summary of the changes in accrued restructuring costs, of which $262,000 is included in other current liabilities and $500,000 is included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	    Severance     
Costs	 	  	    Other    
Costs	 	  	    Total    
Costs	 	
2011 Restructuring Plan	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at January 1, 2011	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	
Provision	  	 	408  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	408  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2011	  	$	408  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	408  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
2009 Restructuring Plan	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at January 3, 2009	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	
Provision	  	 	3,846  	  	  	 	12  	  	  	 	3,858  	  	
Usage	  	 	(1,529) 	  	  	 	(12) 	  	  	 	(1,541) 	  	
Currency translation	  	 	(15) 	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(15) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at January 2, 2010	  	$	2,302  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	2,302  	  	
Provision	  	 	105  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	105  	  	
Usage	  	 	(2,233) 	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(2,233) 	  	
Currency translation	  	 	(174) 	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(174) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at January 1, 2011	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
2008 Restructuring Plan	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at January 3, 2009	  	$	2,872  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	2,872  	  	
Provision	  	 	257  	  	  	 	314  	  	  	 	571  	  	
Usage	  	 	(1,798) 	  	  	 	(314) 	  	  	 	(2,112) 	  	
Currency translation	  	 	3  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	3  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at January 2, 2010	  	$	1,334  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	1,334  	  	
Provision	  	 	71  	  	  	 	71  	  	  	 	142  	  	
Usage	  	 	(989) 	  	  	 	(71) 	  	  	 	(1,060) 	  	
Currency translation	  	 	17  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	17  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at January 1, 2011	  	$	433  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	433  	  	
Usage	  	 	(94) 	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	(94) 	  	
Currency translation	  	 	15  	  	  	 	–  	  	  	 	15  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Balance at December 31, 2011	  	$	354  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	354  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The Company expects to pay the remaining accrued restructuring costs as follows: $262,000 in 2012 and $500,000 from 2013 to 2016.
 
9.	Discontinued Operation	
In 2005, Composites LLC sold substantially all of its assets to a third party. Through the sale date of October 21, 2005, Composites LLC offered a standard limited warranty to the owner of its decking and roofing products, limited to repair or replacement of the defective product or a refund of the original purchase price. Under the terms of the asset purchase agreement, Composites LLC retained certain liabilities associated with the operation of the business prior to the sale, including the warranty obligations associated with products manufactured prior to the sale date. Composites LLC retained all of the cash proceeds received from the asset
 
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Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
9.	Discontinued Operation (continued)	
 
sale and continued to administer and pay warranty claims from the sale proceeds into the third quarter of 2007. On September 30, 2007, Composites LLC announced that it no longer had sufficient funds to honor warranty claims, was unable to pay or process warranty claims, and ceased doing business. All activity related to this business is classified in the results of the discontinued operation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
On October 24, 2011, the Company, Composites LLC, and other co-defendants entered into an agreement to settle a nationwide class action lawsuit related to defective composites decking building products manufactured by Composites LLC between April 2002 and October 2003. In connection with the settlement, the Company incurred a charge of $1,185,000 (reported in loss from discontinued operation) in 2011. As of year-end 2011, the Company has accrued $2,577,000 for the payment of claims under the settlement. If the actual claims submitted and approved under the settlement agreement exceed the amount of this reserve, the Company will reflect the amount of the additional claims paid in the results of the discontinued operation in future periods, up to a maximum of $5,000,000 as agreed in the settlement agreement. The Company also accrued $710,000 as of year-end 2011 for the payment of the plaintiffs’ legal fees and incentives to representatives of the class, as agreed in the settlement agreement.
Operating results for the discontinued operation included in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	    2011    	 	  	    2010    	 	  	    2009    	 	
Operating Loss	  	$	(1,520) 	  	  	$	    (66) 	  	  	$	    (28) 	  	
Income Tax Benefit	  	 	1,511  	  	  	 	164  	  	  	 	10  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operation	  	$	(9) 	  	  	$	98  	  	  	$	(18) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
The major classes of assets and liabilities for the discontinued operation included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Current Deferred Tax Asset	  	$	    1,302  	  	  	$	          –  	  	
Other Assets	  	 	373  	  	  	 	401  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Assets	  	 	1,675  	  	  	 	401  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Accrued Warranty Costs	  	 	2,577  	  	  	 	2,142  	  	
Other Current Liabilities	  	 	1,055  	  	  	 	255  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Liabilities	  	 	3,632  	  	  	 	2,397  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Liabilities	  	$	(1,957) 	  	  	$	(1,996) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
10.	Derivatives	
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company entered into interest rate swap agreements in 2008 and 2006 to hedge its exposure to variable-rate debt and has designated these agreements as cash flow hedges. On February 13, 2008, the Company entered into a swap agreement (2008 Swap Agreement) to hedge the exposure to movements in the three-month LIBOR rate on future outstanding debt. The 2008 Swap Agreement has a five-year term and a $15,000,000 notional value, which decreased to $10,000,000 on December 31, 2010, and to $5,000,000 on December 30, 2011. Under the 2008 Swap Agreement, on a quarterly basis the Company receives a three-month LIBOR rate and pays a fixed rate of interest of 3.265% plus the applicable margin. The Company entered into a swap agreement in 2006
 
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Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
10.	Derivatives (continued)	
 
(the 2006 Swap Agreement) to convert a portion of the Company’s outstanding debt from a floating to a fixed rate of interest. The swap agreement has the same terms and quarterly payment dates as the corresponding debt, and reduces proportionately in line with the amortization of the debt. Under the 2006 Swap Agreement, the Company receives a three-month LIBOR rate and pays a fixed rate of interest of 5.63% plus an applicable margin. The fair values for these instruments as of December 31, 2011 are included in other liabilities, with an offset to accumulated other comprehensive items (net of tax) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The Company has structured these interest rate swap agreements to be 100% effective, and as a result, there is no current impact to earnings resulting from hedge ineffectiveness. Management believes that any credit risk associated with the swap agreements is remote based on the Company’s financial position and the creditworthiness of the financial institution issuing the swap agreements.
The counterparty to the swap agreement could demand an early termination of the swap agreement if the Company is in default under the 2008 Credit Agreement, or any agreement that amends or replaces the 2008 Credit Agreement in which the counterparty is a member, and the Company is unable to cure the default. An event of default under the 2008 Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and failure to comply with financial covenants, including a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.5 and a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.2. As of December 31, 2011 the Company was in compliance with these covenants. The unrealized loss of $1,401,000 as of December 31, 2011 represents the estimated amount that the Company would pay to the counterparty in the event of an early termination.
Forward Currency-Exchange Contracts
The Company uses forward currency-exchange contracts primarily to hedge exposures resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Such exposures result primarily from portions of the Company’s operations and assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the businesses conducting the operations or holding the assets and liabilities. The Company typically manages its level of exposure to the risk of currency-exchange fluctuations by hedging a portion of its currency exposures anticipated over the ensuing 12-month period, using forward currency-exchange contracts that have maturities of 12 months or less.
Forward currency-exchange contracts that hedge forecasted accounts receivable or accounts payable are designated as cash flow hedges. The fair values for these instruments are included in other current assets for unrecognized gains and in other current liabilities for unrecognized losses, with an offset in accumulated other comprehensive items (net of tax). For forward currency-exchange contracts that are designated as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item are recognized currently in earnings. The fair values of forward currency-exchange contracts that are not designated as hedges are recorded currently in earnings. The Company recognized a gain of $4,000 in 2011 and losses of $34,000 and $699,000 in 2010 and 2009, respectively, included in selling, general, and administrative expenses associated with forward currency-exchange contracts that were not designated as hedges. Management believes that any credit risk associated with forward currency-exchange contracts is remote based on the Company’s financial position and the creditworthiness of the financial institutions issuing the contracts.
 
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Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
10.	Derivatives (continued)	
 
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments designated and not designated as hedging instruments, the notional values of the associated derivative contracts, and the location of these instruments in the consolidated balance sheet:

 	 	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
(In thousands)	 	Balance Sheet
Location	 	Asset
(Liability) (a)	 	 	Notional
Amount (b)	 	 	Asset
(Liability) (a)	 	 	Notional
Amount (b)	 	
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Derivatives in an Asset Position:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	Other Current
Assets	 	$	22	  	 	$	421	  	 	$	131	  	 	$	1,794	  	
Derivatives in a Liability Position:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	Other Current
Liabilities	 	$	(462	) 	 	$	6,635	  	 	$	(59	) 	 	$	1,056	  	
Interest rate swap agreements	 	Other Long-
Term
Liabilities	 	$	    (1,401)	  	 	$	    12,250	  	 	$	    (1,595)	  	 	$	    17,750	  	
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Derivatives in a Liability Position:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	Other Current
Liabilities	 	$	(82	) 	 	$	1,775	  	 	$	(48	) 	 	$	1,816	  	
 
(a)	See Note 11 for the fair value measurements relating to these financial instruments.	
(b)	The total notional amount is indicative of the level of the Company’s derivative activity during 2011 and 2010.	
The following table summarizes the activity in accumulated other comprehensive items (OCI) associated with the Company’s derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges as of and for the period ended December 31, 2011:

(In thousands)	  	Interest Rate Swap
Agreements	 	 	Forward Currency-
Exchange Contracts	 	 	Total	 	
Unrealized loss (gain), net of tax, at January 1, 2011	  	$	1,290	  	 	$	(50	) 	 	$	1,240	  	
(Loss) gain reclassified to earnings (a)	  	 	(586	) 	 	 	169	  	 	 	(417	) 	
Loss recognized in OCI	  	 	462	  	 	 	148	  	 	 	610	  	
 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized loss, net of tax, at December 31, 2011	  	$	        1,166	  	 	$	        267	  	 	$	        1,433	  	

(a)	Included in interest expense for interest rate swap agreements and in revenues for forward currency-exchange contracts in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.	
As of December 31, 2011, $630,000 of the net unrealized loss included in OCI is expected to be reclassified to earnings over the next twelve months.
 
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Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
11.	Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments	
Fair value measurement is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy is established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows:
 
 	•	 	Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.	
 	•	 	Level 2—Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.	
 	•	 	Level 3—Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions.	
The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 	  	Fair Value as of December 31, 2011	 	
(In thousands)	  	Level 1	 	  	Level 2	 	  	Level 3	 	  	Total	 	
Assets:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Money market funds and time deposits	  	$	13,983	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	13,983	  	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	  	$	–	  	  	$	22	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	22	  	
Liabilities:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	  	$	–	  	  	$	544	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	544	  	
Interest rate swap agreements	  	$	–	  	  	$	1,401	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	1,401	  	
 	 	
 	  	Fair Value as of January 1, 2011	 	
(In thousands)	  	Level 1	 	  	Level 2	 	  	Level 3	 	  	Total	 	
Assets:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Money market funds and time deposits	  	$	    28,156	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	28,156	  	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	  	$	–	  	  	$	131	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	131	  	
Liabilities:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	  	$	–	  	  	$	107	  	  	$	–	  	  	$	107	  	
Interest rate swap agreements	  	$	–	  	  	$	    1,595	  	  	$	        –	  	  	$	    1,595	  	
The Company uses the market approach technique to value its financial assets and liabilities, and there were no changes in valuation techniques during 2011. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value comprise cash equivalents and derivative instruments used to hedge the Company’s foreign currency and interest rate risks. The Company’s cash equivalents include money market funds and bank deposits which are highly liquid and easily tradable. These investments are valued using inputs observable in active markets for identical securities. The fair values of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements are based on LIBOR yield curves at the reporting date. The fair values of the Company’s forward currency-exchange contracts are based on quoted forward foreign exchange rates at the reporting date. The forward currency-exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements are hedges of either recorded assets or liabilities or anticipated transactions. Changes in values of the underlying hedged assets and liabilities or anticipated transactions are not reflected in the table above.
 
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Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
11.	Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)	
 
The carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s debt obligations are as follows:

 	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
(In thousands)	  	Carrying
Value	 	  	Fair
Value	 	  	Carrying
Value	 	  	Fair
Value	 	
Long-term debt obligations	  	$	    11,750	  	  	$	    11,750	  	  	$	    17,250	  	  	$	    17,250	  	
The carrying amounts of long-term debt obligations approximate fair value as the obligations bear variable rates of interest, which adjust quarterly based on prevailing market rates.
 
12.	Business Segment and Geographical Information	
The Company has combined its operating entities into one reportable operating segment, Papermaking Systems, and a separate product line, Fiber-based Products. In classifying operational entities into a particular segment, the Company aggregated businesses with similar economic characteristics, products and services, production processes, customers, and methods of distribution.
The Company’s Papermaking Systems segment develops, manufactures, and markets stock-preparation systems and equipment, doctoring systems and equipment, water-management systems, and fluid-handling systems and equipment for the pulp and paper industry worldwide. Principal products manufactured by this segment include: custom-engineered systems and equipment for the preparation of wastepaper for conversion into recycled paper; fluid-handling systems used primarily in the dryer section of the papermaking process and during the production of corrugated boxboard, metals, plastics, rubber, textiles, chemicals, and food; doctoring systems and equipment and related consumables important to the efficient operation of paper machines; and water-management systems essential for draining, purifying, and recycling process water and cleaning paper machine fabrics and rolls. The Fiber-based Products business produces biodegradable absorbent granules from papermaking byproducts. These granules are primarily used as carriers for agricultural, home lawn and garden, and professional lawn, turf and ornamental applications, as well as for oil and grease absorption.

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
Business Segment Information	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Revenues by Product Line:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Stock-Preparation	  	$	    131,914  	  	  	$	    95,542  	  	  	$	    85,731  	  	
Fluid-Handling	  	 	100,618  	  	  	 	83,302  	  	  	 	63,930  	  	
Doctoring	  	 	55,278  	  	  	 	51,290  	  	  	 	45,895  	  	
Water-Management	  	 	34,465  	  	  	 	28,570  	  	  	 	20,273  	  	
Other	  	 	2,590  	  	  	 	2,484  	  	  	 	1,778  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	  	$	324,865  	  	  	$	261,188  	  	  	$	217,607  	  	
Fiber-based Products	  	 	10,595  	  	  	 	8,841  	  	  	 	7,958  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	335,460  	  	  	$	270,029  	  	  	$	225,565  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Provision for Income Taxes:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems (a)	  	$	50,869  	  	  	$	37,281  	  	  	$	10,203  	  	
Corporate and Fiber-based Products	  	 	(12,159)	  	  	 	(12,332)	  	  	 	(10,677)	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total operating income (loss)	  	 	38,710  	  	  	 	24,949  	  	  	 	(474)	  	
Interest expense, net	  	 	(567)	  	  	 	(1,101)	  	  	 	(1,784)	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	38,143  	  	  	$	23,848  	  	  	$	(2,258)	  	

F-39

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
12.	Business Segment and Geographical Information (continued)	

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
Total Assets:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	  	$	    340,227  	  	  	$	    314,929  	  	  	$	    293,434  	  	
Corporate and Fiber-based Products (b)	  	 	16,496  	  	  	 	21,442  	  	  	 	13,726  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Total Assets from Continuing Operations	  	 	356,723  	  	  	 	336,371  	  	  	 	307,160  	  	
Total Assets from Discontinued Operation	  	 	1,675  	  	  	 	401  	  	  	 	496  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	358,398  	  	  	$	336,772  	  	  	$	307,656  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Depreciation and Amortization:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	  	$	7,455  	  	  	$	6,750  	  	  	$	6,984  	  	
Corporate and Fiber-based Products	  	 	481  	  	  	 	478  	  	  	 	464  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	7,936  	  	  	$	7,228  	  	  	$	7,448  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Capital Expenditures:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	  	$	7,751  	  	  	$	3,022  	  	  	$	2,529  	  	
Corporate and Fiber-based Products	  	 	279  	  	  	 	386  	  	  	 	275  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	8,030  	  	  	$	3,408  	  	  	$	2,804  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Geographical Information	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Revenues (c):	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
United States	  	$	136,415  	  	  	$	120,696  	  	  	$	97,368  	  	
China	  	 	61,929  	  	  	 	37,087  	  	  	 	22,361  	  	
France	  	 	50,414  	  	  	 	45,541  	  	  	 	53,519  	  	
Other	  	 	86,702  	  	  	 	66,705  	  	  	 	52,317  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	335,460  	  	  	$	270,029  	  	  	$	225,565  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Long-lived Assets (d):	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
United States	  	$	14,578  	  	  	$	14,890  	  	  	$	15,787  	  	
China	  	 	15,789  	  	  	 	12,220  	  	  	 	12,711  	  	
Other	  	 	9,728  	  	  	 	9,801  	  	  	 	9,917  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	40,095  	  	  	$	36,911  	  	  	$	38,415  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Export Revenues Included in United States Revenues Above (e)	  	$	16,512  	  	  	$	9,881  	  	  	$	5,776  	  	

 
(a)	Includes restructuring costs and other income, net, including income of $1.9 million and $1.0 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively, and expense of $4.4 million in 2009 (see Note 8).	
(b)	Primarily includes cash and cash equivalents and property, plant, and equipment.	
(c)	Revenues are attributed to countries based on selling location.	
(d)	Represents property, plant, and equipment, net.	
(e)	In general, export revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars.	
 
F-40

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
13.	Earnings (Loss) per Share	
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share were calculated as follows:

(In thousands, except per share amounts)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
Amounts Attributable to Kadant:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations	  	$	    33,584  	  	  	$	    18,409  	  	  	$	    (5,906) 	  	
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operation	  	 	(9) 	  	  	 	98  	  	  	 	(18) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income (Loss)	  	$	33,575  	  	  	$	18,507  	  	  	$	(5,924) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Basic Weighted Average Shares	  	 	12,124  	  	  	 	12,339  	  	  	 	12,331  	  	
Effect of Stock Options, Restricted Stock Units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan	  	 	137  	  	  	 	127  	  	  	 	–  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Diluted Weighted Average Shares	  	 	12,261  	  	  	 	12,466  	  	  	 	12,331  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Basic Earnings (Loss) per Share:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	  	$	2.77  	  	  	$	1.49  	  	  	$	(.48) 	  	
Discontinued Operation	  	$	–  	  	  	$	.01  	  	  	$	–  	  	
Net Income (Loss) per Basic Share	  	$	2.77  	  	  	$	1.50  	  	  	$	(.48) 	  	
Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	  	$	2.74  	  	  	$	1.48  	  	  	$	(.48) 	  	
Discontinued Operation	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	  	$	–  	  	
Net Income (Loss) per Diluted Share	  	$	2.74  	  	  	$	1.48  	  	  	$	(.48) 	  	
Options to purchase 67,500 shares, 99,300 shares, and 44,000 shares of common stock were not included in the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share for 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively, because the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price for the common stock and the effect would have been antidilutive. In addition, the dilutive effect of restricted stock units totaling 56,200 shares of common stock was not included in the computation of diluted loss per share in 2009, as the effect would have been antidilutive.
 
14.	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items	
Comprehensive income combines net income (loss) and other comprehensive items, which represent certain amounts that are reported as components of shareholders’ investment in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, including foreign currency translation adjustments, deferred losses and unrecognized prior service cost associated with pension and other post-retirement plans, and deferred losses on hedging instruments.
Accumulated other comprehensive items in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet consist of the following:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	  	$	    3,836  	  	  	$	    5,638  	  	
Unrecognized Prior Service Cost	  	 	(801) 	  	  	 	(235) 	  	
Deferred Loss on Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans	  	 	(9,557) 	  	  	 	(7,749) 	  	
Deferred Loss on Hedging Instruments	  	 	(1,433) 	  	  	 	(1,240) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
 	  	$	(7,955) 	  	  	$	(3,586) 	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive items to net income are as follows:

(In thousands)	  	2011	 	  	2010	 	  	2009	 	
Loss on Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans	  	$	        347  	  	  	$	        283  	  	  	$	        57  	  	
Loss on Hedging Instruments	  	 	417  	  	  	 	572  	  	  	 	467  	  	
 
F-41

Table of Contents
 	 	 	
Kadant Inc.	  	2011 Financial Statements	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	
 
15.	Unaudited Quarterly Information	

2011 (In thousands, except per share amounts)	  	First	 	  	Second	 	  	Third	 	  	Fourth	 	
Revenues	  	$	71,680  	  	  	$	82,457  	  	  	$	84,358  	  	  	$	96,965  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Gross Profit	  	 	34,093  	  	  	 	37,706  	  	  	 	36,011  	  	  	 	37,403  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income	  	 	5,873  	  	  	 	7,373  	  	  	 	8,743  	  	  	 	11,860  	  	

Amounts Attributable to Kadant:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income from Continuing Operations (a)	  	 	5,795  	  	  	 	7,309  	  	  	 	9,804  	  	  	 	10,676  	  	
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operation (b)	  	 	(4) 	  	  	 	(5) 	  	  	 	(1,156) 	  	  	 	1,156  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	  	$	5,791  	  	  	$	7,304  	  	  	$	8,648  	  	  	$	11,832  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Basic Earnings per Share:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	  	$	.47  	  	  	$	.59  	  	  	$	.81  	  	  	$	.91  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	  	$	.47  	  	  	$	.59  	  	  	$	.71  	  	  	$	1.01  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Diluted Earnings per Share:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	  	$	.47  	  	  	$	.59  	  	  	$	.80  	  	  	$	.90  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	  	$	.47  	  	  	$	.59  	  	  	$	.70  	  	  	$	1.00  	  	

2010 (In thousands, except per share amounts)	  	First	 	  	Second	 	  	Third	 	  	Fourth	 	
Revenues	  	$	    61,121  	  	  	$	    69,136  	  	  	$	    66,516  	  	  	$	    73,256  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Gross Profit	  	 	26,875  	  	  	 	31,168  	  	  	 	29,302  	  	  	 	31,080  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income	  	 	3,641  	  	  	 	5,273  	  	  	 	4,566  	  	  	 	5,268  	  	

Amounts Attributable to Kadant:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Income from Continuing Operations (c)	  	 	3,615  	  	  	 	5,225  	  	  	 	4,502  	  	  	 	5,067  	  	
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operation	  	 	(4) 	  	  	 	(5) 	  	  	 	(5) 	  	  	 	112  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	  	$	3,611  	  	  	$	5,220  	  	  	$	4,497  	  	  	$	5,179  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Basic Earnings per Share:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	  	$	.29  	  	  	$	.42  	  	  	$	.36  	  	  	$	.42  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	  	$	.29  	  	  	$	.42  	  	  	$	.36  	  	  	$	.42  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Diluted Earnings per Share:	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	  	$	.29  	  	  	$	.42  	  	  	$	.36  	  	  	$	.41  	  	
 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	  	$	.29  	  	  	$	.42  	  	  	$	.36  	  	  	$	.42  	  	

(a)	Includes a $2.3 million pre-tax gain on the sale of real estate in the third quarter of 2011.	
(b)	Includes a $1.2 million warranty and legal provision and a $1.2 million tax benefit in the third and fourth quarters of 2011, respectively.	
(c)	Includes a $0.3 million and $0.7 million pre-tax gain on sales of real estate in the first and third quarters of 2010, respectively.	
 
F-42

Table of Contents
Kadant Inc.
Schedule II
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(In thousands)

Description	 	Balance at
Beginning
of Year	 	 	Provision
Charged to
Expense	 	 	Accounts
Recovered	 	 	Accounts
Written
Off	 	 	Currency
Translation	 	 	Balance at
End
of Year	 	
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2011	 	$	      2,185  	  	 	$	      1,249  	  	 	$	92  	  	 	$	      (1,213) 	  	 	$	      (5) 	  	 	$	      2,308  	  	
Year Ended January 1, 2011	 	$	2,493  	  	 	$	455  	  	 	$	111  	  	 	$	(835) 	  	 	$	(39) 	  	 	$	2,185  	  	
Year Ended January 2, 2010	 	$	2,985  	  	 	$	305  	  	 	$	      334  	  	 	$	(1,225) 	  	 	$	94 	  	 	$	2,493  	  	

Description	  	Balance at
Beginning
of Year	 	  	Provision
Charged to
Expense	 	  	Activity
Charged to
Reserve	 	  	Currency
Translation	 	  	Balance at
End
of Year	 	
Accrued Restructuring Costs (a)	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2011	  	$	433  	  	  	$	408  	  	  	$	(94) 	  	  	$	15  	  	  	$	762  	  	
Year Ended January 1, 2011	  	$	3,636  	  	  	$	247  	  	  	$	(3,293) 	  	  	$	      (157) 	  	  	$	433  	  	
Year Ended January 2, 2010	  	$	      2,872  	  	  	$	      4,429  	  	  	$	      (3,653) 	  	  	$	(12) 	  	  	$	      3,636  	  	
 
(a)	The nature of the activity in this account is described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.	
 
F-43

Exhibit 21
Kadant Inc.
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
At March 1, 2012, the Registrant owned the following companies:

Name	  	State or  Jurisdiction
of
Incorporation	  	Percent of
Ownership	 	
 	 	 	
ArcLine Products LLC	  	New York	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Black Clawson Inc.	  	Delaware	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Fibergen Inc.	  	Delaware	  	 	100	  	
Kadant GranTek Inc.	  	Delaware	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Composites LLC	  	Delaware	  	 	100	  	
Kadant International Holdings Inc.	  	Delaware	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Asia Holdings Inc.	  	Mauritius	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Fiberline (China) Co., Ltd.	  	China	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Pulp & Paper Equipment (Yanzhou) Co. Ltd.	  	China	  	 	100	  	
Kadant International Luxembourg SCS (62.3% owned directly by Kadant International Holdings Inc.; and 37.7% owned by Kadant Johnson Inc.)	  	Luxembourg	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Luxembourg SarL	  	Luxembourg	  	 	100	  	
Kadant (Cyprus) Limited	  	Cyprus	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Europe B.V.	  	Netherlands	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Canada Corp.	  	Nova Scotia,
Canada	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Cyprus (Canada) Limited	  	Cyprus	  	 	100	  	
Kadant U.K. Holdings Limited	  	England	  	 	100	  	
Fibertek U.K. Limited	  	England	  	 	100	  	
Kadant U.K. Limited	  	England	  	 	100	  	
D.S.T. Pattern Engineering Company Limited	  	England	  	 	100	  	
Vickerys Limited	  	England	  	 	100	  	
Winterburn Limited	  	England	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Mexico LLC	  	Delaware	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Mexico, S.A. de C.V.	  	Mexico	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Fiberline Commercial (Beijing) Co., Ltd.	  	China	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Deutschland GmbH	  	Germany	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson France B.V.	  	Netherlands	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Scandinavia AB	  	Sweden	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Schweiz AG	  	Switzerland	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Systems International Ltd.	  	England	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Systems International S.r.l.	  	Italy	  	 	100	  	
Prats Holding SAS	  	France	  	 	100	  	
Techmo Systems SAS (20% owned by Kadant Johnson Systems International S.r.l.)	  	France	  	 	100	  	
Johnson Corporation (JoCo) Limited	  	England	  	 	100	  	
Johnson-Fluiten S.r.l.	  	Italy	  	 	50	  	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Name	  	State or  Jurisdiction
of
Incorporation	  	Percent of
Ownership	 	
 	 	 	
Kadant Lamort SAS	  	France	  	 	100	  	
Kadant BC Lamort UK Ltd.	  	England	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Cyclotech AB	  	Sweden	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Lamort AB	  	Sweden	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Lamort GmbH	  	Germany	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Lamort S.A.	  	Spain	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Lamort S.r.l.	  	Italy	  	 	100	  	
Kadant M-Clean Holdings AB	  	Sweden	  	 	100	  	
Kadant M-Clean AB	  	Sweden	  	 	100	  	
M-Clean Papertech Investments	  	Malta	  	 	100	  	
M-Clean Papertech Patent Ltd.	  	Malta	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Inc.	  	Michigan	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Argentina S.r.l.	  	Argentina	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson China-TZ Holding Inc.	  	Michigan	  	 	100	  	
Tengzhou Feixuan Rotary Joint Manufacturing Co., Ltd.	  	China	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson China-WX Holding Inc.	  	Michigan	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson (Wuxi) Technology Co., Ltd.	  	China	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Latin America Holding Inc.	  	Michigan	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Latin America S.A.	  	Brazil	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Southeast Asia Pty. Limited	  	Australia	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Australia Pty. Limited	  	Australia	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Corporation Asia Pacific Pty. Ltd.	  	Australia	  	 	100	  	
Kadant Johnson Holdings Inc.	  	Michigan	  	 	100	  	
The Johnson Corporation Mexico S.A. de C.V.	  	Mexico	  	 	100	  	
Fiberprep Inc. (31.05% of which shares are owned directly by Kadant Lamort)	  	Delaware	  	 	100	  	

Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements (Forms S-8 Nos. 033-67190, 333-80509, 333-48498, 333-65206, 333-102223, 333-102224, 333-142247, and 333-176371 and Form S-3 No. 333-160475) of Kadant Inc. of our reports dated March 14, 2012, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Kadant Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Kadant Inc., included in the Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2011.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP	

Boston, Massachusetts	
March 14, 2012	

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Jonathan W. Painter, certify that:
 
1.	I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 of Kadant Inc.;	
 
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
 
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
 
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
 
 	a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
 
 	b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
 
 	c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
 
 	d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
 
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
 
 	a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
 
 	b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	

Date: March 14, 2012	 	/s/ Jonathan W. Painter	
 	 	Jonathan W. Painter	
 	 	Chief Executive Officer	

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Thomas M. O’Brien, certify that:
 
1.	I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 of Kadant Inc.;	
 
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
 
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
 
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
 
 	a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
 
 	b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
 
 	c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
 
 	d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
 
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
 
 	a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
 
 	b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	

Date: March 14, 2012	 	/s/ Thomas M. O’Brien	
 	 	Thomas M. O’Brien	
 	 	Chief Financial Officer	

Exhibit 32
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, the undersigned, Jonathan W. Painter, Chief Executive Officer, and Thomas M. O’Brien, Chief Financial Officer, of Kadant Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), do hereby certify, to our best knowledge and belief, that:
The Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2011 of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in this Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: March 14, 2012	 	/s/ Jonathan W. Painter	
 	 	Jonathan W. Painter	
 	 	Chief Executive Officer	
 	 	
 	 	/s/ Thomas M. O’Brien	
 	 	Thomas M. O’Brien	
 	 	Chief Financial Officer	
This certification accompanies this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.