UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K
 
(mark one)
x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	

 	For the fiscal year ended December 29, 2012	
 
OR
 
¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934	

 	For the transition period from              to	
 
Commission file number 1-11406
 
KADANT INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware	 	52-1762325	
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	
One Technology Park Drive	 	 	
Westford, Massachusetts	 	01886	
(Address of principal executive offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (978) 776-2000
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	 	Name of each exchange on which registered	
Common Stock, $.01 par value	 	New York Stock Exchange	
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes     ¨     No     x
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes     ¨     No     x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes     x   No     ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes     x      No     ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer    ¨	Accelerated filer     x	
Non-accelerated filer    ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company     ¨	
 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes     ¨     No     x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by nonaffiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2012, was approximately $258,819,000.
As of February 15, 2013, the Registrant had 11,148,103 shares of Common Stock outstanding.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to be used in connection with the Registrant’s 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 

 
 
Kadant Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2012
Table of Contents
 
 	 	Page	
PART I	
 	 	 	
Item 1.	Business	1	
 	 	 	
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	6	
 	 	 	
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	12	
 	 	 	
Item 2.	Properties	12	
 	 	 	
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	12	
 	 	 	
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	12	
 	
PART II	
 	 	 	
Item 5.	Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	13	
 	 	 	
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	15	
 	 	 	
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15	
 	 	 	
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	30	
 	 	 	
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	30	
 	 	 	
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	30	
 	 	 	
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	30	
 	 	 	
Item 9B.	Other Information	31	
 	
PART III	
 	 	 	
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance	31	
 	 	 	
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	31	
 	 	 	
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	31	
 	 	 	
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	32	
 	 	 	
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	32	
 	
PART IV	
 	 	 	
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	33	

 

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
PART I
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents that we incorporate by reference in this Report include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, and may include statements regarding possible or assumed future results of operations. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management, using information currently available to our management. When we use words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “should,” “likely,” “will,” “would,” “may,” “continue,” “could,” or similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our future results of operations may differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Many of the important factors that will determine these results and values are beyond our ability to control or predict. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. For a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements, you should read carefully the section captioned “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, of this Report.
 
Item 1.	Business	

The terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Registrant,” or “Company” in this Report refer to Kadant Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
 
Description of Our Business
 
We are a leading supplier of equipment used in the global papermaking and paper recycling industries and a manufacturer of granules made from papermaking byproducts. Our continuing operations are comprised of one reportable operating segment: Papermaking Systems, and a separate product line, Fiber-based Products. Through our Papermaking Systems segment, we develop, manufacture, and market a range of equipment and products for the global papermaking, paper recycling, and process industries. We have a large customer base that includes most of the world’s major paper manufacturers. We believe our large installed base provides us with a spare parts and consumables business that yields higher margins than our capital equipment business.
Through our Fiber-based Products business, we manufacture and sell granules derived from pulp fiber for use as carriers for agricultural, home lawn and garden, and professional lawn, turf and ornamental applications, as well as for oil and grease absorption.
 
Papermaking Systems Segment
 
Our Papermaking Systems segment has a long and well-established history of developing, manufacturing, and marketing equipment for the global papermaking and paper recycling industries. Some of our businesses or their predecessor companies have been in operation for more than 100 years. Our customer base includes major global paper manufacturers and we believe we have one of the largest installed bases of equipment in the pulp and paper industry. We manufacture our products in nine countries in Europe, North and South America, and Asia.
Our Papermaking Systems segment consists of the following product lines: stock-preparation; fluid-handling; and doctoring, cleaning, and filtration (formerly presented separately as our doctoring, water-management, and other product lines).
 
Stock-preparation
 
We develop, manufacture, and market complete custom-engineered systems and equipment, as well as standard individual components, for pulping, de-inking, screening, cleaning, and refining primarily recycled fiber for preparation for entry into the paper machine, and recausticizing and evaporation equipment and systems used in the production of virgin pulp. Our principal stock-preparation products include:
 	–	Recycling and approach flow systems: Our equipment includes pulping, screening, cleaning, and de-inking systems that blend pulp mixtures and remove contaminants, such as ink, glue, metals, and other impurities, to prepare them for entry into the paper machine during the production of recycled paper.	

 	–	Virgin pulping process equipment: Our equipment includes pulp washing, evaporator, recausticizing, and condensate treatment systems used to remove lignin, concentrate and recycle process chemicals, and remove condensate gases.	

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Fluid-handling
 
We develop, manufacture and market rotary joints, precision unions, steam and condensate systems, components, and controls used primarily in the dryer section of the papermaking process and during the production of corrugated boxboard, metals, plastics, rubber, textiles, chemicals, and food. Our principal fluid-handling systems include:
 	–	Rotary joints: Our mechanical devices, used with rotating shafts, allow the transfer of pressurized fluid from a stationary source into and out of rotating machinery for heating, cooling, or the transfer of fluid power.	

 	–	Syphons: Our devices, installed primarily inside the rotating cylinders of paper machines, are used to remove condensate from the drying cylinders through rotary joints located on either end of the cylinder.	

 	–	Turbulator® bars: Our steel or stainless steel axial bars, installed on the inside of cylinders, are used to induce turbulence in the condensate layer to improve the uniformity and rate of heat transfer through the cylinders.	

 	–	Engineered steam and condensate systems: Our steam systems control the flow of steam from the boiler to the paper drying cylinders, collect condensed steam, and return it to the boiler to improve energy efficiency during the paper drying process. Our systems and equipment are also used to efficiently and effectively distribute steam in a wide variety of industrial processing applications.	
 
Doctoring, Cleaning, and Filtration
 
We develop, manufacture, and market a wide range of doctoring, cleaning, and filtration systems and related consumables that continuously clean rolls to keep paper machines running efficiently; doctor blades made of a variety of materials to perform functions including cleaning, creping, web removal, flaking, and the application of coatings; profiling systems that control moisture, web curl, and gloss during paper converting; and systems and equipment used to continuously clean paper machine fabrics and rolls, drain water from pulp mixtures, form the sheet or web, and filter the process water for reuse. Our principal doctoring, cleaning, and filtration products include:
 	–	Doctor systems and holders: Our doctor systems clean papermaking rolls to maintain the efficient operation of paper machines and other equipment by placing a blade against the roll at a constant and uniform pressure. A doctor system consists of the structure supporting the blade and the blade holder. A large paper machine may have as many as 100 doctor systems.	

 	–	Profiling systems: We offer profiling systems that control moisture, web curl, and gloss during paper converting.	

 	–	Doctor blades: We manufacture doctor and scraper blades made of a variety of materials including metal, bi-metal, or synthetic materials that perform a variety of functions including cleaning, creping, web removal, flaking, and the application of coatings. A typical doctor blade has a life ranging from eight hours to two months, depending on the application.	

 	–	Shower and fabric-conditioning systems: Our shower and fabric-conditioning systems assist in the removal of contaminants that collect on paper machine fabrics used to convey the paper web through the forming, pressing, and drying sections of the paper machine. A typical paper machine has between three and 12 fabrics. These fabrics can easily become contaminated with fiber, fillers, pitch, and dirt that can have a detrimental effect on paper machine performance and paper quality. Our shower and fabric-conditioning systems assist in the removal of these contaminants.	

 	–	Formation systems: We supply structures that drain, purify, and recycle process water from the pulp mixture during paper sheet and web formation.	

 	–	Water-filtration systems: We offer a variety of filtration systems and strainers that remove contaminants from process water before reuse and recover reusable fiber for recycling back into the pulp mixture.	

Fiber-based Products
 
We produce biodegradable, absorbent granules from papermaking byproducts for use primarily as carriers for agricultural, home lawn and garden, and professional lawn, turf and ornamental applications, as well as for oil and grease absorption.
 
Discontinued Operation
 
In 2005, our Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary (Composites LLC) sold substantially all of its assets to a third party. Under the terms of the asset purchase agreement, Composites LLC retained certain liabilities associated with the operation of the business prior to the sale, including the warranty obligations related to products manufactured prior to the sale date. All activity related to this business is classified in the results of the discontinued operation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
On October 24, 2011, we, Composites LLC, and other co-defendants entered into an agreement to settle a nationwide class action lawsuit related to allegedly defective composites decking building products manufactured by Composites LLC between April 2002 and October 2003. In 2012*, we paid $0.6 million with respect to approved claims under the class action settlement. As of year-end 2012, the Company has accrued $40 thousand for the payment of remaining claims under the class action settlement and $0.3 million in related costs.
 
Research and Development
 
We develop a broad range of products for all facets of the markets we serve. We operate research and development facilities in Europe and the U.S., and focus our product innovations on process industry challenges and the need for improved fiber processing, heat transfer, showering, filtration, doctoring, and fluid handling. In addition to internal product development activities, our research centers allow customers to simulate their own operating conditions and applications to identify and quantify opportunities for improvement.
Our research and development expenses were $6.0 million, $5.7 million, and $5.3 million in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.
 
Raw Materials
 
The primary raw materials used in our Papermaking Systems segment are steel, stainless steel, ductile iron, brass, and bronze, which have generally been available through a number of suppliers. To date, we have not needed to maintain raw material inventories in excess of our current needs to ensure availability.
The raw material used in the manufacture of our fiber-based granules is obtained from two paper mills. Although we believe that our relationships with the mills are good, the mills may not continue to supply sufficient raw material. From time to time, we have experienced some difficulty in obtaining sufficient raw material to operate at optimal production levels. We continue to work with the mills to ensure a stable supply of raw material. To date, we have been able to meet all of our customer delivery requirements, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet future delivery requirements. If the mills were unable or unwilling to supply us sufficient fiber, we would be forced to find one or more alternative suppliers for this raw material.
 
Patents, Licenses, and Trademarks
 
We protect our intellectual property rights by applying for and obtaining patents when appropriate. We also rely on technical know-how, trade secrets, and trademarks to maintain our competitive position. We also enter into license agreements with others to grant and/or receive rights to patents and know-how. No particular patent, or related group of patents, is so important that its expiration or loss would significantly affect our operations.
 
Papermaking Systems Segment
 
We have numerous U.S. and foreign patents, including foreign counterparts to our U.S. patents, expiring on various dates ranging from 2013 to 2030. From time to time, we enter into licenses of products with other companies that serve the pulp, papermaking, converting, and paper recycling industries.
 
Fiber-based Products
 
We currently hold several U.S. patents, expiring on various dates ranging from 2015 to 2026, related to various aspects of the processing of fiber-based granules and the use of these materials in the agricultural, professional turf, home lawn and garden, general absorption, oil and grease absorption, and catbox filler markets.
 
Seasonal Influences
 
Papermaking Systems Segment
 
There are no material seasonal influences on this segment’s sales of products and services.
 
Fiber-based Products
 
Our Fiber-based Products business experiences fluctuations in sales, usually in the third and fourth quarters, when sales decline due to the seasonality of the agricultural and home lawn and garden markets.

*	Unless otherwise noted, references to 2012, 2011, and 2010 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011, and January 1, 2011, respectively.	

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Working Capital Requirements
 
There are no special inventory requirements or credit terms extended to customers that would have a material adverse effect on our working capital.
 
Dependency on a Single Customer
 
No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenues or more than 10% of the Papermaking Systems segment’s revenues in any of the past three years. During 2012, 2011, and 2010, approximately 61%, 63%, and 58%, respectively, of our sales were to customers outside the United States, principally in Europe and China.
 
Backlog
 
Our backlog of firm orders for the Papermaking Systems segment was $77.0 million and $106.1 million at year-end 2012 and 2011, respectively. The total consolidated backlog of firm orders was $77.5 million and $107.7 million at year-end 2012 and 2011, respectively. We anticipate that substantially all of the backlog at year-end 2012 will be shipped or completed during the next 12 months. Some of these orders can be canceled by the customer upon payment of a cancellation fee.
 
Competition
 
We face significant competition in each of our principal markets. We compete primarily on the basis of quality, price, service, technical expertise, and product performance and innovation. We believe the reputation that we have established for quality products and in-depth process knowledge provides us with a competitive advantage. In addition, a significant portion of our business is generated from our worldwide customer base. To maintain this base, we have emphasized technology, service, and a problem-solving relationship with our customers.
We are a leading supplier of stock-preparation systems and equipment used for the preparation of recycled and virgin fibers in the production of paper, tissue, and paperboard. Several major competitors supply various pieces of equipment for this process. Our principal global competitors in this market are Voith Paper GmbH, Metso Corporation, and Maschinenfabrik Andritz AG. We compete in this market primarily on the basis of technical expertise, price, and product innovation. There are other competitors that specialize in segments within the white- and brown-paper markets.
We are a leading supplier of fluid-handling systems and equipment, offering global sales and service, application expertise, and an extensive rotary joint product line. There are numerous global competitors in this market, including Deublin Company, Christian Maier GmbH & Co. KG, and Duff-Norton Company. In addition, we compete with numerous local competitors. We generally compete in this market based on process knowledge, technical competence, price, and product and service quality.
We are a leading supplier of doctoring systems and equipment for paper machines. Our principal global competitors in this market are Joh. Clouth GmbH & Co. KG, Metso Corporation, and Bonetti, S.p.A. Because of the high capital cost of paper machines and the role of our doctoring equipment in maintaining the efficiency of these machines, we generally compete in this market on the basis of service, technical expertise, price, and performance. Various competitors exist in the formation, shower and fabric-conditioning systems, and filtration systems markets. Principal competitors are Metso Corporation, Voith Paper GmbH, and IBS-Paper Performance Group in formation, shower and fabric-conditioning systems, AstenJohnson’s Paperchine subsidiary in formation tables, and Spraying Systems Co. in shower systems. In addition, a variety of companies compete within the shower and fabric-conditioning systems and filtration systems markets. In each of these markets, we generally compete on the basis of process knowledge, application experience, product quality, price, and service.
 
Environmental Protection Regulations
 
We believe that our compliance with federal, state, and local environmental protection regulations will not have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position.
 
 Employees
 
As of year-end 2012, we had approximately 1,600 employees worldwide.
 
Financial Information
 
Financial information concerning our segment and product lines is summarized in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, which begin on page F-1 of this Report.
Financial information about exports by domestic operations and about foreign operations is summarized in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, which begin on page F-1 of this Report.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Available Information
 
We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements, and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Exchange Act. The public may read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, the SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC at www.sec.gov. We also make available free of charge through our website at www.kadant.com our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and, if applicable, amendments to these Reports filed with or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. We are not including the information contained in our website as part of this Report nor are we incorporating the information on our website into this Report by reference.
 
Executive Officers of the Registrant
 
The following table summarizes certain information concerning individuals who are our executive officers as of March 1, 2013:
 
Name	 	Age	 	Present Title (Fiscal Year First Became Executive Officer)	
 	 	 	 	 	
Jonathan W. Painter	 	54	 	President and Chief Executive Officer (1997)	
Eric T. Langevin	 	50	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (2006)	
Thomas M. O’Brien	 	61	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (1994)	
Jeffrey L. Powell	 	54	 	Executive Vice President (2009)	
Sandra L. Lambert	 	57	 	Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary (2001)	
Michael J. McKenney	 	51	 	Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer (2002)	
 
Mr. Painter has been our chief executive officer and a director since January 2010 and our president since September 1, 2009. Between 1997 and September 2009, Mr. Painter served as an executive vice president and from March 2007 through September 2009 had supervisory responsibility for our stock-preparation and fiber-based products businesses. He served as president of our composite building products business from 2001 until its sale in 2005. He also served as our treasurer and the treasurer of Thermo Electron from 1994 until 1997. Prior to 1994, Mr. Painter held various managerial positions with us and Thermo Electron.
Mr. Langevin has been an executive vice president and our chief operating officer since January 2010. Prior to January 2010, Mr. Langevin had been a senior vice president since March 2007 and had supervisory responsibility for our paperline business, consisting of our fluid-handling and our doctoring, cleaning, and filtration product lines. He served as vice president, with responsibility for our doctoring, cleaning, and filtration product lines, from 2006 to 2007. From 2001 to 2006, Mr. Langevin was president of Kadant Web Systems Inc. (now our Kadant Solutions division) and before that served as its senior vice president and vice president of operations. Prior to 2001, Mr. Langevin managed several product groups and departments within Kadant Web Systems after joining us in 1986 as a product development engineer.
Mr. O’Brien has been an executive vice president since 1998 and our chief financial officer since 2001. He served as our treasurer from 2001 to February 2005 and also as vice president, finance, from 1991 to 1998. Prior to joining us, Mr. O’Brien held various finance positions at Racal Interlan, Inc., Prime Computer, Compugraphic Corporation, and the General Electric Company.
Mr. Powell has been an executive vice president since March 2013 and has supervisory responsibility for our stock-preparation and fiber-based products businesses. From September 2009 to March 2013, he was a senior vice president. From January 2008 to September 2009, Mr. Powell was vice president, new ventures, with principal responsibility for acquisition-related activities. Prior to joining us, Mr. Powell was the chairman and chief executive officer of Castion Corporation, a provider of sustainable wastewater treatment and recovery solutions, from April 2003 through December 2007.
Ms. Lambert has been a vice president and our general counsel since 2001, and our secretary since our incorporation in 1991. Prior to joining us, she was a vice president and the secretary of Thermo Electron from 1999 and 1990, respectively, to 2001 and before that was a member of Thermo Electron’s legal department.
Mr. McKenney has been our vice president, finance and chief accounting officer since January 2002 and served as our corporate controller from 1997 to 2007. Mr. McKenney was controller of our Kadant AES division (now part of our Kadant Solutions division) from 1993 to 1997. Prior to 1993, Mr. McKenney held various financial positions at Albany International Corp.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Item  1A.	Risk Factors	
 
In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, we wish to caution readers that the following important factors, among others, in some cases have affected, and in the future could affect, our actual results and could cause our actual results in 2013 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us, or on our behalf.
 
Our business is dependent on worldwide and local economic conditions as well as the condition of the pulp and paper industry.
 
We sell products worldwide primarily to the pulp and paper industry, which is a cyclical industry. Generally, the financial condition of the global pulp and paper industry corresponds to general worldwide economic conditions, as well as to a number of other factors, including pulp and paper production capacity relative to demand in the geographic markets in which we compete. A significant portion of our revenues are from customers based in Europe and China. The economic recession in Europe and continued uncertainty due to the risk of sovereign debt defaults by certain European countries and the costs associated with resolving the sovereign debt crisis adversely affected our revenues and bookings in Europe in the third and fourth quarters of 2012. In addition, reported economic growth rates in China slowed more than expected early in 2012, although they appeared to rebound in the fourth quarter of 2012. The increased uncertainty in the global economic outlook, and weaker economic conditions in Europe in particular, have negatively affected, and may in the future negatively affect, demand for our customers’ products, and as a consequence, our products and services, especially our capital equipment systems and products. Also, uncertainty regarding economic conditions has caused, and may in the future cause, liquidity and credit issues for many businesses, including our customers in the pulp and paper industry as well as other industries, and may result in their inability to fund projects, capacity expansion plans, and to some extent, routine operations and capital expenditures. These conditions have resulted, and may in the future result, in a number of structural changes in the pulp and paper industry, including decreased spending, mill closures, consolidations, and bankruptcies, all of which negatively affect our business, revenue, and profitability. Financial and economic turmoil affecting the worldwide economy or the banking system and financial markets, in particular, due to political or economic developments could cause the expectations for our business to differ materially in the future.
Our financial performance will be negatively impacted if there are delays in customers securing financing or our customers become unable to secure such financing, due to any number of factors including a tightening of monetary policy. The inability of our customers to obtain credit may affect our ability to recognize revenue and income, particularly on large capital equipment orders from new customers for which we may require letters of credit. We may also be unable to issue letters of credit to our customers, which are required in some cases to guarantee performance, during periods of economic uncertainty.
Paper producers have been, and may in the future be, negatively affected by higher operating costs. Paper companies curtail their capital and operating spending during periods of economic uncertainty and are cautious about resuming spending as market conditions improve. As paper companies consolidate operations in response to market weakness, they frequently reduce capacity, increase downtime, defer maintenance and upgrades, and postpone or even cancel capacity addition or expansion projects. It is especially difficult to accurately forecast our revenues and earnings per share during periods of economic uncertainty.
 
A significant portion of our international sales has, and may in the future, come from China and we operate several manufacturing facilities in China, which exposes us to political, economic, operational and other risks.
 
We have historically had significant revenues from China, operate significant manufacturing facilities in China, and manufacture and source equipment and components from China. As a result, we are exposed to increased risk in the event of economic slowdowns, changes in the policies of the Chinese government, political unrest, unstable economic conditions, or other developments in China or in U.S.-China relations that are adverse to trade, including enactment of protectionist legislation or trade or currency restrictions. Policies of the Chinese government to target slower economic growth to avoid inflation may negatively affect our business in China if customers are unable to expand capacity or obtain financing for expansion or improvement projects.
 Our bookings activity from China tends to be more variable than in other geographic regions, as the China pulp and paper industry historically has experienced, and in the future may experience, periods of significant capacity expansion to meet demand followed by a period of stagnant activity while overcapacity is absorbed. These cycles result in periods of significant bookings activity for our capital products and increased revenues followed by a significant decrease in bookings or potential delays in shipments and order placements by our customers as they attempt to balance supply and demand. As a consequence, our bookings and revenues in China tend to be uneven and difficult to predict. Paper companies in China have brought and are scheduled to bring online capacity additions; however, this capacity growth has been uneven and the larger paper producers have delayed, and may in the future delay, additional new capacity start-ups in reaction to softer market conditions. In general, as significant capacity additions come online and the economic growth rate slows, paper producers have deferred and could in the future defer further investments or the delivery of previously-ordered equipment until the market absorbs the new production. This negatively affected our bookings and revenues in China in the first half of 2012, and may in the future negatively affect our bookings and revenues in China.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
In addition, orders from customers in China, particularly for large stock-preparation systems that have been tailored to a customer’s specific requirements, have credit risks higher than we generally incur elsewhere, and some orders are subject to the receipt of financing approvals from the Chinese government or can be impacted by the availability of credit and more restrictive monetary policies. For this reason, we generally do not record signed contracts from customers in China for large stock-preparation systems as orders until we receive the down payments for such contracts. The timing of the receipt of these orders and the down payments are uncertain and there is no assurance that we will be able to recognize revenue on these contracts. Delays in the receipt of payments and letters of credit affect when revenues can be recognized on these contracts, making it difficult to accurately forecast our future financial performance. We may experience a loss if a contract is cancelled prior to the receipt of a down payment in the event we commence engineering or other work associated with the contract. We typically have inventory awaiting shipment to customers. We could have excess and obsolete inventory if contracts are cancelled and we cannot re-sell the equipment. In addition, we may experience a loss if the contract is cancelled, or the customer does not fulfill its obligations under the contract, prior to the receipt of a letter of credit or final payments covering the remaining balance of the contract, which could represent 80% or more of the total order.
We generally recognize revenue in China upon shipment once we have secured final payment. In some cases, we will be unable to recognize any revenue on completed orders until after installation or acceptance of the equipment. Furthermore, customers in China often demand that deliveries of previously-ordered equipment be delayed to future periods for any number of reasons. As a result, our revenues recognized in China have varied, and will in the future vary, greatly from period to period and be difficult to predict.
 
Commodity or component price increases and significant shortages of commodities and component products may adversely impact our financial results or our ability to meet commitments to customers.
 
We use steel, stainless steel, brass, bronze, and other commodities to manufacture our products. We also use natural gas in the production of our fiber-based granular products. As a result, unanticipated increases in the prices of such commodities could increase our costs more than expected and negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition if we are unable to fully offset the effect of these increased costs through price increases, productivity improvements, or cost reduction programs.
We rely on suppliers to secure commodity and component products required for the manufacture of our products. A disruption in deliveries to or from suppliers or decreased availability of such components or commodities could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers or increase our operating costs. We believe our sources of raw materials and component products will generally be sufficient for our needs in the foreseeable future. However, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be negatively impacted if supply is insufficient for our operations.
We are dependent on two paper mills for the fiber used in the manufacture of our fiber-based granular products. From time to time we have experienced, and may in the future experience, some difficulty obtaining sufficient raw material to operate at optimal production levels. We continue to work with the mills to ensure a stable supply of raw material. To date, we have been able to meet all of our customer delivery requirements, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet future delivery requirements. Although we believe our relationships with the mills are good, the mills could decide not to continue to supply sufficient papermaking byproducts, or may not agree to continue to supply such products on commercially reasonable terms. If the mills were unable or unwilling to supply us sufficient fiber, we would be forced to find one or more alternative sources of supply of this raw material. We may be unable to find alternative supplies on commercially reasonable terms or could incur excessive transportation costs if an alternative supplier were found, which would increase our manufacturing costs, and might prevent prices for our products from being competitive or require closure of this business.
 
Our business is subject to economic, currency, political, and other risks associated with international sales and operations.
 
During 2012 and 2011, approximately 61% and 63%, respectively, of our sales were to customers outside the United States, principally in Europe and China. In addition, we operate several manufacturing operations worldwide, including operations in China, Europe, Mexico, and Brazil. International revenues and operations are subject to a number of risks, including the following:
 	–	agreements may be difficult to enforce and receivables difficult to collect through a foreign country’s legal system,	

 	–	foreign customers may have longer payment cycles,	

 	–	foreign countries may impose additional withholding taxes or otherwise tax our foreign income, impose tariffs, adopt other restrictions on foreign trade, impose currency restrictions or enact other protectionist or anti-trade measures,	

 	–	worsening economic conditions may result in worker unrest, labor actions, and potential work stoppages,	

 	–	political unrest may disrupt commercial activities of ours or our customers,	

 	–	it may be difficult to repatriate funds, due to unfavorable domestic and foreign tax consequences or other restrictions or limitations imposed by foreign governments, and	

 	–	the protection of intellectual property in foreign countries may be more difficult to enforce.	

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations.
 
As a multinational corporation, we are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that impact our business in many ways. Although we seek to charge our customers in the same currency in which our operating costs are incurred, fluctuations in currency exchange rates may affect product demand and adversely affect the profitability in U.S. dollars of products we provide in international markets. Our subsidiaries occasionally invoice third-party customers in currencies other than their functional currency. Movements in the invoiced currency relative to the functional currency could adversely impact our cash flows and result of operations. In addition, reported revenues made in non-U.S. currencies by our subsidiaries, when translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes, fluctuate due to exchange rate movements.  Any of these factors could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations. Furthermore, while some risks can be hedged using derivatives or other financial instruments, or may be insurable, such attempts to mitigate these risks may be costly and not always successful.
 
We are subject to intense competition in all our markets.
 
We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting the markets for our products include quality, price, service, technical expertise, and product performance and innovation. Our competitors include a number of large multinational corporations that may have substantially greater financial, marketing, and other resources than we do. As a result, they may be able to adapt more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, or to devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of their services and products. Competitors’ technologies may prove to be superior to ours. Our current products, those under development, and our ability to develop new technologies may not be sufficient to enable us to compete effectively. Competition, especially in China, has increased as new companies enter the market and existing competitors expand their product lines and manufacturing operations.
 
Adverse changes to the soundness of our suppliers and customers could affect our business and results of operations.
 
All of our businesses are exposed to risk associated with the creditworthiness of our key suppliers and customers, including pulp and paper manufacturers and other industrial customers, many of which may be adversely affected by volatile conditions in the financial markets, worldwide economic downturns, and difficult economic conditions. These conditions could result in financial instability, bankruptcy, or other adverse effects at any of our suppliers or customers. The consequences of such adverse effects could include the interruption of production at the facilities of our suppliers, the reduction, delay or cancellation of customer orders, delays in or the inability of customers to obtain financing to purchase our products or pay amounts due, and bankruptcy of customers or other creditors. Any adverse changes to the soundness of our suppliers or customers may adversely affect our cash flow, profitability, and financial condition.
 
Changes in our effective tax rate may impact our results of operations.
 
We derive a significant portion of our revenue and earnings from our international operations, and are subject to income and other taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. A number of factors may cause our effective tax rate to fluctuate, including: changes in tax rates in various jurisdictions; unanticipated changes in the amount of profit in jurisdictions with low statutory tax rates; the resolution of issues arising from tax audits with various tax authorities; changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; adjustments to income taxes upon finalization of various tax returns; increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, including impairments of goodwill in connection with acquisitions; changes in available tax credits or our ability to utilize foreign tax credits; and changes in tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws. Any of these factors could cause us to experience an effective tax rate significantly different from prior periods or current expectations, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows.

We may be required to reorganize our operations in response to changing conditions in the worldwide economy and the pulp and paper industry, and such actions may require significant expenditures and may not be successful.
 
We have undertaken various restructuring measures in the past in response to changing market conditions in the countries in which we operate and in the pulp and paper industry in general, which have affected our business. We may engage in additional cost reduction programs in the future. We may not recoup the costs of programs we have already initiated, or other programs in which we may decide to engage in the future, the costs of which may be significant. In connection with any future plant closures, delays or failures in the transition of production from existing facilities to our other facilities in other geographic regions could also adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, it is difficult to accurately forecast our financial performance in periods of economic uncertainty in a region or globally, and the efforts we have made or may make to align our cost structure may not be sufficient or able to keep pace with rapidly changing business conditions. Our profitability may decline if our restructuring efforts do not sufficiently reduce our future costs and position us to maintain or increase our sales.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
 Adverse changes to the soundness of financial institutions could affect us.
 
We have relationships with many financial institutions, including lenders under our credit facilities and insurance underwriters, and from time to time, we execute transactions with counterparties in the financial industry, such as our interest rate swap arrangement and other hedging transactions. In addition, our subsidiaries in China often hold banker’s acceptance drafts that are received from customers in the normal course of business. These drafts may be discounted or used to pay vendors prior to the scheduled maturity date or submitted to an acceptance bank for payment at the scheduled maturity date. These financial institutions or counterparties could be adversely affected by volatile conditions in the financial markets, economic downturns, and difficult economic conditions. These conditions could result in financial instability, bankruptcy, or other adverse effects at these financial institutions or counterparties. We may not be able to access credit facilities in the future, complete transactions as intended, or otherwise obtain the benefit of the arrangements we have entered into with such financial parties, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
 
Our debt may adversely affect our cash flow and may restrict our investment opportunities.
 
On August 3, 2012, we replaced our existing unsecured revolving credit facility entered into in February 2008 with a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility (2012 Credit Agreement) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $100 million. The 2012 Credit Agreement also includes an uncommitted unsecured incremental borrowing facility of up to an additional $50 million. We have borrowed amounts under the 2012 Credit Agreement and under another agreement to fund our operations. We may also obtain additional long-term debt and working capital lines of credit to meet future financing needs, which would have the effect of increasing our total leverage. Our indebtedness could have negative consequences, including:
 	–	increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions,	

 	–	limiting our ability to obtain additional financing,	

 	–	limiting our ability to pay dividends on or to repurchase our capital stock,	

 	–	limiting our ability to complete a merger or an acquisition,	

 	–	limiting our ability to acquire new products and technologies through acquisitions or licensing agreements, and	

 	–	limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we compete.	
 
Our existing indebtedness bears interest at floating rates and as a result, our interest payment obligations on our indebtedness will increase if interest rates increase. As of December 29, 2012, all of our outstanding floating rate debt was hedged through interest rate swap agreements. The unrealized loss associated with these swap agreements was $1.0 million as of December 29, 2012. This unrealized loss represents the estimated amount for which the swap agreements could be settled. The counterparty to the swap agreements could demand an early termination of the swap agreements if we are in default under the 2012 Credit Agreement, or any agreement that amends or replaces the 2012 Credit Agreement in which the counterparty is a member, and we are unable to cure the default. If these swap agreements were terminated prior to the scheduled maturity dates and if we were required to pay cash for the value of the swap, we would incur a loss, which would adversely affect our financial results.
Our ability to satisfy our obligations and to reduce our total debt depends on our future operating performance and on economic, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flows to meet these obligations or to successfully execute our business strategy. The 2012 Credit Agreement includes certain financial covenants, and our failure to comply with these covenants could result in an event of default under the 2012 Credit Agreement, the swap agreement, and our other credit facilities, and would have significant negative consequences for our current operations and our future ability to fund our operations and grow our business. If we are unable to service our debt and fund our business, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures or research and development expenditures, seek additional financing or equity capital, restructure or refinance our debt, curtail or eliminate our cash dividend to stockholders, or sell assets.
 
Restrictions in our 2012 Credit Agreement may limit our activities.
 
Our 2012 Credit Agreement contains, and future debt instruments to which we may become subject may contain, restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that could otherwise benefit us, including restrictions on our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to:
 	–	incur additional indebtedness,	

 	–	pay dividends on, redeem, or repurchase our capital stock,	

 	–	make investments,	

 	–	create liens,	

 	–	sell assets,	

 	–	enter into transactions with affiliates, and	

 	–	consolidate, merge, or transfer all or substantially all of our assets and the assets of our subsidiaries.	

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
We are also required to meet specified financial covenants under the terms of our 2012 Credit Agreement. Our ability to comply with these financial restrictions and covenants is dependent on our future performance, which is subject to prevailing economic conditions and other factors, including factors that are beyond our control such as currency exchange rates, interest rates, changes in technology, and changes in the level of competition. Our failure to comply with any of these restrictions or covenants may result in an event of default under our 2012 Credit Agreement and other loan obligations, which could permit acceleration of the debt under those instruments and require us to repay the debt before its scheduled due date. If an event of default were to occur, we might not have sufficient funds available to make the payments required under our indebtedness. If we are unable to repay amounts owed under our debt agreements, those lenders may be entitled to foreclose on and sell the collateral that secures our borrowings under the agreements.
Furthermore, our 2012 Credit Agreement requires that any amounts borrowed under the facility be repaid before the maturity date in 2017. If we are unable to rollover the amounts borrowed into a new credit facility and we do not have sufficient cash in the United States to repay our borrowings, we may need to repatriate cash from our overseas operations to fund the repayment and we would be required to pay taxes on the repatriated amounts. Such repatriation would have an adverse effect on our effective tax rate and cash flows.
 
Our inability to successfully identify and complete acquisitions or successfully integrate any new or previous acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our business.
 
Our strategy includes the acquisition of technologies and businesses that complement or augment our existing products and services. Any such acquisition involves numerous risks that may adversely affect our future financial performance and cash flows. These risks include:
 	–	competition with other prospective buyers resulting in our inability to complete an acquisition or in us paying substantial premiums over the fair value of the net assets of the acquired business,	

 	–	inability to obtain regulatory approvals, including antitrust approvals,	

 	–	difficulty in assimilating operations, technologies, products and the key employees of the acquired business,	

 	–	inability to maintain existing customers or to sell the products and services of the acquired business to our existing customers,	

 	–	diversion of management’s attention away from other business concerns,	

 	–	inability to improve the revenues and profitability or realize the cost savings and synergies expected of the acquisition,	

 	–	assumption of significant liabilities, some of which may be unknown at the time,	

 	–	potential future impairment of the value of goodwill and intangible assets acquired, and	

 	–	identification of internal control deficiencies of the acquired business.	
 
Any acquisition we complete may be made at a substantial premium over the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the acquired business. We are required to assess the realizability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually as well as whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets may be impaired. These events or circumstances would generally include operating losses or a significant decline in earnings associated with the acquired business or asset, and our ability to realize the value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets will depend on the future cash flows of these businesses. For example, in 2008, we recorded a $40.3 million impairment charge to write down the goodwill associated with the stock-preparation reporting unit within our Papermaking Systems segment. We may incur additional impairment charges to write down the value of our goodwill and acquired intangible assets in the future if the assets are not deemed recoverable, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
 
Our inability to protect our intellectual property or defend ourselves against the intellectual property claims of others could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, litigation to enforce our intellectual property and contractual rights or defend ourselves could result in significant litigation or licensing expense.
 
We seek patent and trade secret protection for significant new technologies, products, and processes because of the length of time and expense associated with bringing new products through the development process and into the marketplace. We own numerous U.S. and foreign patents, and we intend to file additional applications, as appropriate, for patents covering our products. Patents may not be issued for any pending or future patent applications owned by or licensed to us, and the claims allowed under any issued patents may not be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. Any issued patents owned by or licensed to us may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, and the rights under these patents may not provide us with competitive advantages. In addition, competitors may design around our technology or develop competing technologies. Intellectual property rights may also be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries, which could make it easier for competitors to capture increased market share. In addition, as our patents expire, we rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how to protect our products. We cannot be sure the steps we have taken, or will take in the future, will be adequate to deter misappropriation of our proprietary information and intellectual property. Of particular concern are developing countries, such as China, where the laws, courts, and administrative agencies may not protect our intellectual property rights as fully as in the United States or Europe.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
We seek to protect trade secrets and proprietary know-how, in part, through confidentiality and noncompetition agreements with our collaborators, employees, and consultants. These agreements may be breached, we may not have adequate remedies for any breach, and our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently developed by our competitors, or our competitors may otherwise gain access to our intellectual property.
We could incur substantial costs to defend ourselves in suits brought against us, including for alleged infringement of third party rights, or in suits in which we may assert our intellectual property or contractual rights against others. An unfavorable outcome of any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
 
Failure of our information systems or breaches of data security could impact our business.
 
We operate a geographically dispersed business and rely on the electronic storage and transmission of proprietary and confidential information, including technical and financial information, among our operations, customers and suppliers. In addition, for some of our operations, we rely on information systems controlled by third parties. As part of our ongoing effort to upgrade our current information systems, we are implementing new enterprise resource planning software to manage certain of our business operations. As we implement and add functionality, problems could arise that we have not foreseen. System failures, network disruptions and breaches of data security could limit our ability to conduct business as normal, including our ability to communicate and transact business with our customers and suppliers; result in the loss or misuse of this information, the loss of business or customers, or damage to our brand or reputation; or interrupt or delay reporting our financial results. Such system failures or unauthorized access could be caused by external theft or attack, misconduct by our employees, suppliers, or competitors, or natural disasters. In addition, the cost and operational consequences of implementing further data protection measures could be significant.
 
Our share price fluctuates and experiences price and volume volatility.
 
Stock markets in general and our common stock in particular experienced significant price and volume volatility during the 2008 to 2009 economic recession and in the second half of 2011, and may experience significant price and volume volatility from time to time in the future. The market price and trading volume of our common stock may continue to be subject to significant fluctuations due not only to general stock market conditions but also to a change in sentiment in the market regarding our operations, business prospects, or future funding. Given the nature of the markets in which we participate and the volatility of orders, we may not be able to reliably predict future revenues and profitability, and unexpected changes may cause us to adjust our operations. A large proportion of our costs are fixed, due in part to our significant selling, research and development, and manufacturing costs. Thus, small declines in revenues could disproportionately affect our operating results. Other factors that could affect our share price and quarterly operating results include:
 	–	failure of our products to pass contractually agreed upon acceptance tests, which would delay or prohibit recognition of revenues under applicable accounting guidelines,	

 	–	changes in the assumptions used for revenue recognized under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting,	

 	–	fluctuations in revenues due to customer-initiated delays in product shipments,	

 	–	failure of a customer, particularly in Asia, to comply with an order’s contractual obligations or inability of a customer to provide financial assurances of performance,	

 	–	adverse changes in demand for and market acceptance of our products,	

 	–	competitive pressures resulting in lower sales prices for our products,	

 	–	adverse changes in the pulp and paper industry,	

 	–	delays or problems in our introduction of new products,	

 	–	delays or problems in the manufacture of our products,	

 	–	our competitors’ announcements of new products, services, or technological innovations,	

 	–	contractual liabilities incurred by us related to guarantees of our product performance,	

 	–	increased costs of raw materials or supplies, including the cost of energy,	

 	–	changes in the timing of product orders,	

 	–	changes in the estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenses,	

 	–	the impact of new acquisition accounting, including the treatment of acquisition and restructuring costs as period costs,	

 	–	fluctuations in our effective tax rate,	

 	–	the operating and share price performance of companies that investors consider to be comparable to us, and	

 	–	changes in global financial markets and global economies and general market conditions.	

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could prevent or delay transactions that our shareholders may favor.
 
Provisions of our charter and bylaws may discourage, delay, or prevent a merger or acquisition that our shareholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. For example, these provisions:
 	–	authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock without any need for action by shareholders,	

 	–	provide for a classified board of directors with staggered three-year terms,	

 	–	require supermajority shareholder voting to effect various amendments to our charter and bylaws,	

 	–	eliminate the ability of our shareholders to call special meetings of shareholders,	

 	–	prohibit shareholder action by written consent, and	

 	–	establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by shareholders at shareholder meetings.	
 
Prior to July 2011, we had a shareholder rights plan, which may have had anti-takeover effects under certain circumstances. This shareholder rights plan expired by its terms in July 2011 and was not renewed by our board of directors. However, our board of directors could adopt a new shareholder rights plan in the future that could have anti-takeover effects and might discourage, delay, or prevent a merger or acquisition that our board of directors does not believe is in our best interests and those of our shareholders, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares.
 
Item  1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 2.	Properties	
 
We believe that our facilities are in good condition and are suitable and adequate for our present operations. We do not anticipate significant difficulty in obtaining lease renewals or alternative space as needed. The location and general character of our principal properties as of year-end 2012 are as follows:
 
Papermaking Systems
 
We own approximately 1,708,000 square feet and lease approximately 130,000 square feet, under leases expiring on various dates ranging from 2013 to 2017, of manufacturing, engineering, and office space. In addition, in China we lease the land associated with our buildings under long-term leases, which expire on dates ranging from 2049 to 2061. Our principal engineering and manufacturing facilities are located in Vitry-le-Francois, France; Jining, China; Three Rivers, Michigan, U.S.A; Auburn, Massachusetts, U.S.A; Theodore, Alabama, U.S.A; Weesp, The Netherlands; Wuxi, China; Hindas, Sweden; Guadalajara, Mexico; Bury, England; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Mason, Ohio, U.S.A; Huskvarna, Sweden; and Summerstown, Ontario, Canada.
 
Fiber-based Products
 
We own approximately 31,000 square feet of manufacturing and office space located in Green Bay, Wisconsin. We also lease approximately 31,000 square feet of manufacturing space located in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on a tenant-at-will basis.
 
Corporate
 
We lease approximately 12,000 square feet in Westford, Massachusetts, for our corporate headquarters under a lease expiring in 2017.
 
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	
 
Not applicable.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
PART II
 
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	
 
Market Price of Common Stock
 
Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “KAI”. The closing market price on the New York Stock Exchange for our common stock on February 15, 2013 was $25.83 per share.
The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock for 2012 and 2011, as reported in the consolidated transaction reporting system.
 
 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Quarter	 	High	 	 	Low	 	 	High	 	 	Low	 	
First	 	$	26.00	 	 	$	21.49	 	 	$	26.85	 	 	$	20.55	 	
Second	 	 	27.10	 	 	 	21.00	 	 	 	32.99	 	 	 	25.54	 	
Third	 	 	25.19	 	 	 	20.50	 	 	 	34.95	 	 	 	16.55	 	
Fourth	 	 	26.97	 	 	 	21.59	 	 	 	23.50	 	 	 	16.10	 	
 
Holders of Common Stock
 
As of February 15, 2013, we had approximately 3,767 holders of record of our common stock. This does not include holdings in street or nominee name.
 
Dividend Policy
 
While we continue to retain earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business, on February 26, 2013, our board of directors approved the initiation of a quarterly cash dividend. The first cash dividend of $0.125 per outstanding share of our common stock will be paid on May 9, 2013 to all stockholders of record on April 11, 2013. We have never previously paid cash dividends. While it is our intention to pay quarterly cash dividends for the foreseeable future, any decision to pay future cash dividends will rest within the discretion of the board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our earnings, capital requirements, and financial condition. The payment of cash dividends is subject to our compliance with the consolidated leverage ratio contained in our 2012 Credit Agreement.
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
The following table provides information about purchases by us of our common stock during the fourth quarter of 2012:
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Period	 	Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)(2)	 	 	Average Price
Paid per
Share	 	 	Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans (1)(2)	 	 	Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans	 	
9/30/12 – 10/31/12	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	$	15,401,277	 	
11/1/12 – 11/30/12	 	 	47,753	 	 	$	22.89	 	 	 	47,753	 	 	$	18,906,931	 	
12/1/12 – 12/29/12	 	 	146,980	 	 	$	24.49	 	 	 	146,980	 	 	$	15,307,389	 	
Total	 	 	194,733	 	 	$	24.10	 	 	 	194,733	 	 	 	 	 	

(1)	On October 26, 2011, our board of directors approved the repurchase by us of up to $30 million of our equity securities during the period from November 6, 2011 to November 6, 2012. Repurchases may be made in public or private transactions, including under Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b-5-1 trading plans. In the fourth quarter of 2012, no repurchases of our common stock were made under this authorization.	
 
(2)	On October 29, 2012, our board of directors approved the repurchase by us of up to $20 million of our equity securities during the period from November 7, 2012 to November 7, 2013. Repurchases may be made in public or private transactions, including under Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b-5-1 trading plans. In the fourth quarter of 2012, we repurchased 194,733 shares of our common stock for $4.7 million under this authorization.	

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	

Performance Graph
 
This performance graph compares the cumulative, five-year total shareholder return assuming an investment of $100 (and the reinvestment of dividends) in our common stock, the Russell 3000 Stock Index and the Dow Jones U.S. Paper Total Stock Market (TSM) Index. Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “KAI.” Because our fiscal year ends on a Saturday, the graph values are calculated using the last trading day prior to the end of our fiscal year.

 
 
 	 	12/29/07	 	 	1/3/09	 	 	1/2/10	 	 	1/1/11	 	 	12/31/11	 	 	12/29/12	 	
Kadant Inc.	 	100.00	 	 	43.50	 	 	51.12	 	 	75.50	 	 	72.42	 	 	84.11	 	
Russell 3000	 	100.00	 	 	64.59	 	 	80.46	 	 	94.08	 	 	95.05	 	 	108.78	 	
Dow Jones U.S. Paper Total Stock Market	 	100.00	 	 	36.32	 	 	79.67	 	 	91.28	 	 	96.73	 	 	120.09	 	

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	
 
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	 	2012	 	 	2011 (a)	 	 	2010 (b)	 	 	2009 (c)	 	 	2008 (d)	 	
Statement of Operations Data	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues	 	$	331,751	 	 	$	335,460	 	 	$	270,029	 	 	$	225,565	 	 	$	329,158	 	
Operating Income (Loss)	 	 	36,444	 	 	 	38,710	 	 	 	24,949	 	 	 	(474	)	 	 	(13,007	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amounts Attributable to Kadant:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations	 	 	30,880	 	 	 	33,584	 	 	 	18,409	 	 	 	(5,906	)	 	 	(22,595	)	
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operation	 	 	743	 	 	 	(9	)	 	 	98	 	 	 	(18	)	 	 	37	 	
Net Income (Loss)	 	$	31,623	 	 	$	33,575	 	 	$	18,507	 	 	$	(5,924	)	 	$	(22,558	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Earnings (Loss) per Share for Continuing Operations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	$	2.70	 	 	$	2.77	 	 	$	1.49	 	 	$	(.48	)	 	$	(1.67	)	
Diluted	 	$	2.66	 	 	$	2.74	 	 	$	1.48	 	 	$	(.48	)	 	$	(1.67	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Earnings (Loss) per Share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	$	2.76	 	 	$	2.77	 	 	$	1.50	 	 	$	(.48	)	 	$	(1.67	)	
Diluted	 	$	2.73	 	 	$	2.74	 	 	$	1.48	 	 	$	(.48	)	 	$	(1.67	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance Sheet Data	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Working Capital (e)	 	$	100,301	 	 	$	78,499	 	 	$	79,006	 	 	$	66,917	 	 	$	98,017	 	
Total Assets	 	 	358,948	 	 	 	358,398	 	 	 	336,772	 	 	 	307,656	 	 	 	356,917	 	
Long-Term Obligations	 	 	6,250	 	 	 	11,750	 	 	 	17,250	 	 	 	22,750	 	 	 	52,122	 	
Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	249,967	 	 	 	223,630	 	 	 	207,301	 	 	 	194,031	 	 	 	194,393	 	

(a)	Reflects a $2.3 million pre-tax gain on the sale of real estate and $0.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs.	

(b)	Reflects a $1.0 million pre-tax gain on the sale of real estate, a $0.2 million pre-tax curtailment gain, and $0.2 million of pre-tax restructuring costs.	

(c)	Reflects $4.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs.	

(d)	Reflects a $40.3 million pre-tax goodwill impairment charge, a $15.4 million tax provision related to applying a valuation allowance to certain deferred tax assets, and $2.0 million of pre-tax restructuring costs, net of gains.	

(e)	Includes $0.1 million, ($2.0) million, ($2.0) million, ($1.9) million, and ($1.9) million in 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively, associated with the discontinued operation.	
 
Item  7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	
 
Reference is made throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations to Notes included in our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Report.
 
Overview
 
Company Overview
 
We are a leading supplier of equipment used in the global papermaking and paper recycling industries and a manufacturer of granules made from papermaking byproducts. Our continuing operations are comprised of one reportable operating segment: Papermaking Systems, and a separate product line, Fiber-based Products. Through our Papermaking Systems segment, we develop, manufacture, and market a range of equipment and products for the global papermaking, paper recycling, and process industries. We have a large customer base that includes most of the world’s major paper manufacturers. We believe our large installed base provides us with a spare parts and consumables business that yields higher margins than our capital equipment business.
Through our Fiber-based Products business, we manufacture and sell granules derived from pulp fiber for use as carriers for agricultural, home lawn and garden, and professional lawn, turf and ornamental applications, as well as for oil and grease absorption.
 
International Sales
 
During 2012 and 2011, approximately 61% and 63%, respectively, of our sales were to customers outside the United States, principally in Europe and China. We generally seek to charge our customers in the same currency in which our operating costs are incurred. However, our financial performance and competitive position can be affected by currency exchange rate fluctuations affecting the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. We seek to reduce our exposure to currency fluctuations through the use of forward currency exchange contracts. We may enter into forward contracts to hedge certain firm purchase and sale commitments denominated in currencies other than our subsidiaries’ functional currencies. These contracts hedge transactions principally denominated in U.S. dollars.

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Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that entail significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that our most critical accounting policies upon which our financial position depends, and which involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments, are those described below. For a discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable. We enter into arrangements with customers that have multiple deliverables, such as equipment and installation, and we recognize revenues and profits on certain long-term contracts using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting.
 	•	Revenue Recognition Methods. We recognize revenue under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605, “Revenue Recognition” (ASC 605), when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or service has been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Under ASC 605, when the terms of sale include customer acceptance provisions, and compliance with those provisions cannot be demonstrated until customer acceptance, we recognize revenues upon such acceptance. Provisions for discounts, warranties, returns, and other adjustments are provided for in the period in which the related sales are recorded.	

 	When a sale arrangement involves multiple elements, such as equipment and installation, we consider the guidance in ASC 605. Such transactions are evaluated to determine whether the deliverables in the arrangement represent separate units of accounting based on the following criteria: the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis, and if the contract includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially under our control. Revenue is allocated to each unit of accounting or element based on relative selling prices. We determine relative selling prices by using either vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) if that exists, or third-party evidence of selling price. When neither VSOE or third-party evidence of selling price exists for a deliverable, we use our best estimate of the selling price for that deliverable. In cases in which elements cannot be treated as separate units of accounting, the elements are combined into a single unit of accounting for revenue recognition purposes.	

 	The complexity of all issues related to the assumptions, risks, and uncertainties inherent in the application of ASC 605 affects the amounts reported as revenues in our consolidated financial statements. Under ASC 605, we may not be able to reliably predict future revenues and profitability due to the difficulty of estimating when installation will be performed or when we will meet the contractually agreed upon performance tests, which can delay or prohibit recognition of revenues. The determination of when we install the equipment or fulfill the performance guarantees is largely dependent on our customers, their willingness to allow installation of the equipment or performance of the appropriate tests in a timely manner, and their cooperation in addressing possible problems that would impede achievement of the performance guarantee criteria. Unexpected changes in the timing related to the completion of installation or performance guarantees could cause our revenues and earnings to be significantly affected.	

 	•	Percentage-of-Completion. Revenues recorded under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting pursuant to ASC 605 were $42.2 million in 2012, $29.2 million in 2011, and $26.1 million in 2010. We determine the percentage of completion by comparing the actual costs incurred to date to an estimate of total costs to be incurred on each contract. If a loss is indicated on any contract in process, a provision is made currently for the entire loss. Our contracts generally provide for billing of customers upon the attainment of certain milestones specified in each contract. Revenues earned on contracts in process in excess of billings are classified as unbilled contract costs and fees, and amounts billed in excess of revenues are classified as billings in excess of contract costs and fees.  The estimation process under the percentage-of-completion method affects the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. A number of internal and external factors affect our percentage-of-completion and cost of sales estimates, including labor rate and efficiency variances, estimates of warranty costs, estimated future material prices from vendors, and customer specification and testing requirements. Although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our estimates in the application of this accounting policy, if our actual results were to differ from our estimates, or if we were to use different assumptions, it is possible that materially different amounts could be reported as revenues in our consolidated financial statements.	

 	•	Completed Contract Method. For long-term contracts that do not meet the criteria under ASC 605-35 to be accounted for under the percentage-of-completion method, we recognize revenue using the completed contract method. When using the completed contract method, we recognize revenue when the contract has been completed and when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or service has been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.	

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We exercise judgment in determining our allowance for bad debts, which is based on our historical collection experience, current trends, credit policies, specific customer collection issues, and accounts receivable aging categories. In determining this allowance, we look at historical writeoffs of our receivables. We also look at current trends in the credit quality of our customer base as well as changes in our credit policies. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon payment history and each customer’s current creditworthiness. We continuously monitor collections and payments from our customers. In addition, in some instances we utilize letters of credit as a way to mitigate credit exposure. While actual bad debts have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same rate of bad debts that we have had in the past. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position of any of our customers could result in the uncollectibility of the related accounts receivable and could adversely affect our operating results and cash flows in that period.
Warranty Obligations. We offer warranties of various durations to our customers depending upon the specific product and terms of the customer purchase agreement. We typically negotiate terms regarding warranty coverage and length of warranty depending on the products and their applications. Our standard mechanical warranties require us to repair or replace a defective product during the warranty period at no cost to the customer. We record an estimate for warranty-related costs at the time of sale based on our actual historical occurrence rates and repair costs, as well as other analytical tools for estimating future warranty claims. These estimates are revised for variances between actual and expected claims rates. While our warranty costs have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, we may not continue to experience the same warranty return rates or repair costs that we have in the past.
A significant increase in warranty occurrence rates or costs to repair our products would lead to an increase in the warranty provision and could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results for the period or periods in which such returns or additional costs occur.
Income Taxes. We operate in numerous countries under many legal forms and, as a result, are subject to the jurisdiction of numerous domestic and non-U.S. tax authorities, as well as to tax agreements and treaties among these governments. Determination of taxable income in any jurisdiction requires the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and the use of estimates and assumptions regarding significant future events, such as the amount, timing and character of deductions, permissible revenue recognition methods under the tax law and the sources and character of income and available tax credits. Changes in tax laws, regulations, agreements and treaties, currency-exchange restrictions or our level of operations or profitability in each taxing jurisdiction could have an impact upon the amount of current and deferred tax balances and our results of operations.
We estimate the degree to which our deferred tax assets on deductible temporary differences and tax loss or credit carryforwards will result in an income tax benefit based on the expected profitability by tax jurisdiction, and provide a valuation allowance for these deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that they will not be realized in the future. If it were to become more likely than not that these deferred tax assets would be realized, we would reverse the related valuation allowance. Our tax valuation allowance totaled $14.3 million at year-end 2012, including $1.0 million in the U.S. and $13.3 million in foreign jurisdictions. The $6.7 million decrease in our valuation allowance in 2012 was related primarily to the release of  the valuation allowance in the U.S. Should our actual future taxable income by tax jurisdiction vary from our estimate, additional allowances or reversals thereof may be necessary. When assessing the need for a valuation allowance in a tax jurisdiction, we evaluate the weight of all available evidence to determine whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. As part of this evaluation, we consider our cumulative three-year history of earnings before income taxes, taxable income in prior carryback years, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, and expected future results of operations. As of year-end 2012, in the U.S. we were in a three-year cumulative income position and expect income from operations and foreign source income in 2013; as a result, we released our valuation allowance against deferred tax assets associated with foreign tax credits and research and development tax credits. As of year-end 2012, we continued to maintain a valuation allowance in the U.S. primarily against our state operating loss carryforwards due to the uncertainty of future profitability in state jurisdictions in the U.S. As of year-end 2012, we maintained a full valuation allowance in certain foreign jurisdictions because of the uncertainty of future profitability. In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying our income tax positions. It is our policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon our assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. At year-end 2012, we believe that we have appropriately accounted for any liability for unrecognized tax benefits. To the extent we prevail in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established or are required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.

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We reinvest certain earnings of our international subsidiaries indefinitely, and accordingly, we do not provide for U.S. income taxes that could result from the remittance of such foreign earnings. Through year-end 2012, we have not provided for U.S. income taxes on approximately $123.5 million of unremitted foreign earnings. The U.S. tax cost has not been determined due to the fact that it is not practicable to estimate at this time. The related foreign tax withholding, which would be required if we were to remit these foreign earnings to the U.S., would be approximately $1.6 million.
Valuation of Goodwill and Intangible Assets. We evaluate the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of the end of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances, such as a significant decline in sales, earnings, or cash flows, or material adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that the carrying value of an asset might be impaired. In 2011, we adopted an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) that allows for the goodwill impairment analysis to start with an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. At December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we performed a qualitative goodwill impairment analysis. Our December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011 impairment analyses included an assessment of certain qualitative factors including, but not limited to, the results of prior fair value calculations, the movement of our share price and market capitalization, the reporting unit and overall financial performance, and macroeconomic and industry conditions. We considered the qualitative factors and weighed the evidence obtained, and we determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of any of the reporting units is less than its carrying amount. Although we believe the factors considered in the impairment analysis are reasonable, significant changes in any one of the assumptions used could produce a different result.
If, after assessing the qualitative factors, we were to determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we would perform a two-step impairment test (a quantitative analysis). In the first step of the two-step impairment test, fair values are primarily established using a discounted cash flow methodology (specifically, the income approach). The determination of discounted cash flows is based on our long-range forecasts and requires assumptions related to revenue and operating income growth, asset-related expenditures, working capital levels, and other factors. The revenue growth rates included in the forecasts are our best estimates based on current and anticipated market conditions, and the profitability assumptions are projected based on current and anticipated cost structures. Long-range forecasting involves uncertainty which increases with each successive period. Key assumptions, such as revenue growth rates and profitability, especially in the outer years involve a greater degree of uncertainty.
At December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we performed a quantitative impairment analysis on our indefinite-lived intangible asset and determined that the asset was not impaired.
Intangible assets subject to amortization are evaluated for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset might be impaired. No indicators of impairment were identified in 2012 or 2011.
Our judgments and assumptions regarding the determination of the fair value of an intangible asset or goodwill associated with an acquired business could change as future events impact such fair values. A prolonged economic downturn, weakness in demand for our products, especially capital equipment products, or contraction in capital spending by paper companies in our key markets, such as China, could negatively affect the revenue and profitability assumptions used in our assessment of goodwill and intangible assets, which could result in additional impairment charges. Any future impairment loss could have a material adverse effect on our long-term assets and operating expenses in the period in which an impairment is determined to exist.
Inventories. We value our inventory at the lower of the actual cost (on a first-in, first-out; or weighted average basis) or market value and include materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand and compare these amounts to historical and forecasted usage of and demand for each particular product or product line. We record a charge to cost of revenues for excess and obsolete inventory to reduce the carrying value of the inventories to net realizable value. Inventory writedowns have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established. A significant decrease in demand for our products could result in an increase in the amount of excess inventory quantities on hand, resulting in a charge for the writedown of that inventory in that period. In addition, our estimates of future product usage or demand may prove to be inaccurate, resulting in an understated or overstated provision for excess and obsolete inventory. Therefore, although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product usage and demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological developments could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and our reported operating results.
Pension and Other Retiree Benefits. We sponsor a noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan for the benefit of eligible employees at our Kadant Solutions division and the corporate office. Our unfunded benefit obligation related to this plan totaled $5.0 million at year-end 2012 and the fair value of plan assets totaled $26.7 million. In addition, several of our U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries sponsor defined benefit pension and other retiree benefit plans with an aggregate unfunded benefit obligation of $6.0 million at year-end 2012.

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The cost and obligations of these arrangements are calculated using many assumptions to estimate the benefits that the employee earns while working, the amount of which cannot be completely determined until the benefit payments cease. Major assumptions used in accounting for these employee benefit plans include the discount rate, expected return on plan assets and rate of increase in employee compensation levels. Assumptions are determined based on Company data and appropriate market indicators in consultation with third-party actuaries, and are evaluated each year as of the plans’ measurement date. The fair value of plan assets is determined based on quoted market prices and observable market inputs. The unrecognized actuarial loss associated with these plans totaled $10.9 million at year-end 2012, $0.7 million of which we expect to recognize in 2013. Should any of these assumptions change, they would have an effect on net periodic pension costs and the unfunded benefit obligation. The projected benefit obligation and expense associated with these plans are sensitive to changes in the discount rate. For the noncontributory benefit retirement plan at our Kadant Solutions division, a 50 basis point decrease in the 2012 discount rate would have resulted in an increase in pension expense of $0.2 million and an increase in the projected benefit obligation of $2.7 million.
Derivatives. We use derivative instruments primarily to reduce our exposure to changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. When we enter into a derivative contract, we make a determination as to whether the transaction is deemed to be a hedge for accounting purposes. For contracts deemed to be a hedge, we formally document the relationship between the derivative instrument and the risk being hedged. In this documentation, we specifically identify the asset, liability, forecasted transaction, cash flow, or net investment that has been designated as the hedged item, and evaluate whether the derivative instrument is expected to reduce the risks associated with the hedged item. To the extent these criteria are not met, we do not use hedge accounting for the derivative.
ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” requires that all derivatives be recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the related gains or losses on these contracts are deferred as a component of accumulated other comprehensive items. These deferred gains and losses are recognized in the period in which the underlying anticipated transaction occurs. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, the unrealized gains and losses resulting from the impact of currency exchange rate movements are recognized in earnings in the period in which the exchange rates change and offset the currency gains and losses on the underlying exposures being hedged. We perform an evaluation of the effectiveness of the hedge both at inception and on an ongoing basis. The ineffective portion of a hedge, if any, and changes in the fair value of a derivative not deemed to be a hedge, are recorded in the consolidated statement of income.
We use interest rate swap agreements to hedge our exposure to variable rate debt and have designated these agreements as cash flow hedges of the forecasted interest payments. The fair values of the interest rate swap agreements are included in other assets for unrecognized gains and in other liabilities for unrecognized losses, with an offset in accumulated other comprehensive items (net of tax).
We use forward currency-exchange contracts primarily to hedge certain operational (“cash flow” hedges) and balance sheet (“fair value” hedges) exposures resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Such exposures primarily result from portions of our operations and assets that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the businesses conducting the operations or holding the assets. As part of our overall strategy to manage the level of exposure to the risk of currency-exchange fluctuations, some of our subsidiaries hedge a portion of their currency exposures anticipated over the ensuing 12-month period, using forward currency-exchange contracts that have maturities of 12 months or less. We do not hold or engage in transactions involving derivative instruments for purposes other than risk management.
 
Industry and Business Outlook
 
Our products are primarily sold to the global pulp and paper industry. In North America, the paper industry performed relatively well in 2012 with operating rates across most paper grades increasing or remaining stable. Industry analysts expect overall production levels to remain flat in 2013, while increases are forecasted in containerboard and tissue grades. Our bookings in North America decreased 3% in 2012 compared to 2011 reflecting a modest decrease in activity. In Europe, the uncertain economic conditions have continued to impact the paper industry, and further capacity rationalization within the paper industry is expected in 2013, particularly in newsprint grades. This potential for reduced capacity in 2013 suggests that operating rates for paper producers will remain flat, or possibly increase as a result of these actions. Our 2012 bookings in Europe decreased 20% compared to 2011 due to lower capital orders. In China, the economy rebounded in the fourth quarter of 2012 to reach a 7.9% annual growth rate. Although the rate of economic growth has rebounded slightly, the timing for the addition of new capacity remains somewhat uncertain and is highly dependent on the markets’ ability to absorb existing capacity, particularly in containerboard. Our 2012 bookings in China decreased 21% compared to 2011 due to a reduction in capital projects. In general, we are seeing paper producers in China expand their focus from exclusively adding new capacity to adding capacity in high-value, high-demand grades, while focusing on maximizing efficiency in existing operations. In emerging markets in the rest of the world we are seeing promising new project activity, particularly for tissue in South America. Resource Information Systems Inc. analysts are forecasting 2013 growth in demand for tissue in South America to be 6% and for containerboard grades to be 5%.

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We continuously consider initiatives to improve our operating results and are currently concentrating our efforts on the following initiatives: focusing on higher-growth emerging markets, further penetrating existing markets where we see opportunity, growing our market share in low-share regions, increasing our parts and consumables sales, and leveraging our low-cost manufacturing operations in locations such as China and Mexico. We also continue to focus our efforts on managing our operating costs and working capital.
 
The headwinds in the global economy as well as our bookings levels over the past few quarters, particularly in Europe and China, have tempered our outlook for 2013. Although we expect our bookings for the first quarter of 2013 to be higher sequentially and higher in 2013 compared to 2012, we also expect our 2013 revenues will be slightly below 2012, which will impact earnings per share (EPS) accordingly. In addition, we expect our effective tax rate in 2013 will increase significantly compared to 2012 and be closer to our statutory rate due to the reversal of valuation allowances in prior periods, which will no longer benefit the provision for income taxes going forward. For the first quarter of 2013, we expect to achieve diluted EPS of $0.32 to $0.34 from continuing operations, on revenues of $71 to $73 million. For the full year 2013, we expect to achieve diluted EPS from continuing operations of $1.80 to $1.90 on revenues of $320 to $330 million.

Results of Operations
 
2012 Compared to 2011
 
The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of income expressed as a percentage of total revenue:
 
 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues	 	 	100	%	 	 	100	%	
Costs and Operating Expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of revenues	 	 	56	 	 	 	57	 	
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	 	 	31	 	 	 	31	 	
Research and development expenses	 	 	2	 	 	 	2	 	
Restructuring costs and other expense (income), net	 	 	–	 	 	 	(1	)	
 	 	 	89	 	 	 	89	 	
Operating Income	 	 	11	 	 	 	11	 	
Interest Income (Expense), Net	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	
Income from Continuing Operations Before Provision for Income Taxes	 	 	11	 	 	 	11	 	
Provision for Income Taxes	 	 	2	 	 	 	1	 	
Income from Continuing Operations	 	 	9	%	 	 	10	%	

Revenues
 
Revenues for 2012 and 2011 for our Papermaking Systems segment and Fiber-based Products business are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	 	$	321,026	 	 	$	324,865	 	
Fiber-based Products	 	 	10,725	 	 	 	10,595	 	
 	 	$	331,751	 	 	$	335,460	 	

Papermaking Systems Segment. Revenues at the Papermaking Systems segment decreased $3.8 million, or 1%, to $321.1 million in 2012 from $324.9 million in 2011, including a decrease of $8.4 million from the unfavorable effects of currency translation. Revenues in our doctoring, cleaning, and filtration product line increased $12.1 million, or 13%, primarily due to the sale of products from M-Clean, a European-based supplier of equipment used to clean paper machine fabrics and rolls that we acquired in May 2011, and higher demand for our capital products. Offsetting this increase, were decreases in revenues of $8.0 million in our fluid-handling product line and $7.9 million in our stock-preparation product line primarily due to decreased demand for our capital products.
 
Fiber-based Products. Revenues from our Fiber-based Products business increased slightly to $10.7 million in 2012 from $10.6 million in 2011.

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Papermaking Systems Segment by Product Line. The following table presents revenues for our Papermaking Systems segment by product line, the changes in revenues by product line between 2012 and 2011, and the changes in revenues by product line between 2012 and 2011 excluding the effect of currency translation. The increase (decrease) in revenues excluding the effect of currency translation represents the increase (decrease) resulting from the conversion of 2012 revenues in local currency into U.S. dollars at the 2011 exchange rates, and then comparing this result to the actual revenues in 2011. The presentation of the changes in revenues by product line excluding the effect of currency translation is a non-GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) measure. We believe this non-GAAP measure helps investors gain an understanding of our underlying operations, consistent with how management measures and forecasts our performance, especially when comparing such results to prior periods or forecasts. This non-GAAP measure should not be considered superior to or a substitute for the corresponding GAAP measure.
 
(In millions)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	Increase (Decrease)	 	 	Increase
(Decrease)
Excluding
Effect of
Currency
Translation	 	
Papermaking Systems Product Lines:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock-Preparation	 	$	124.0	 	 	$	131.9	 	 	$	(7.9	)	 	$	(5.6	)	
Doctoring, Cleaning, and Filtration (a)	 	 	104.5	 	 	 	92.4	 	 	 	12.1	 	 	 	14.7	 	
Fluid-Handling	 	 	92.6	 	 	 	100.6	 	 	 	(8.0	)	 	 	(4.5	)	
 	 	$	321.1	 	 	$	324.9	 	 	$	(3.8	)	 	$	4.6	 	
 
(a)	Amounts were formerly presented separately as doctoring, water-management, and other product lines. Prior period amounts have been recast to conform to the current presentation.	
 
Revenues in our stock-preparation product line in 2012 decreased $5.6 million, or 4%, excluding a $2.3 million unfavorable effect of currency translation, compared to 2011 due to lower demand for capital products at our Chinese operations. Partially offsetting this decrease was an increase in demand for capital products at our European operations and products at our North American operations. Revenues from our doctoring, cleaning, and filtration product line in 2012 increased $14.7 million, or 16%, excluding a $2.6 million unfavorable effect of currency translation, compared to the prior year period primarily due to the sale of products from our M-Clean business, which was acquired in May 2011, and increased demand for our capital products. In our fluid-handling product line, revenues in 2012 decreased $4.5 million, or 5%, excluding a $3.5 million unfavorable effect of currency translation, compared to 2011 primarily due to decreased demand for capital products at our European operations.
 
Gross Profit Margin
 
Gross profit margins for 2012 and 2011 for our Papermaking Systems segment and our Fiber-based Products business are as follows:
 
 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Gross Profit Margin:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	 	 	43.7	%	 	 	43.1	%	
Fiber-based Products	 	 	50.1	%	 	 	50.2	%	
 	 	 	43.9	%	 	 	43.3	%	
 
Papermaking Systems Segment. The gross profit margin at the Papermaking Systems segment increased to 43.7% in 2012 from 43.1% in 2011. This increase resulted primarily from higher gross profit margins in our stock-preparation product line.
 
Fiber-based Products. The gross profit margin at our Fiber-based Products business decreased slightly to 50.1% in 2012 from 50.2% in 2011.
 
 Operating Expenses
 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues were 31% in both 2012 and 2011. Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $0.4 million, or less than 1%, to $103.1 million in 2012 from $102.7 million in 2011. Selling, general, and administrative expenses in 2012 included an increase of $2.1 million from our M-Clean business, which was acquired in May 2011, and an increase in compensation expense principally due to annual wage increases. Partially offsetting these increases were decreases of $2.6 million from the favorable effect of foreign currency translation and $1.3 million due to a lower provision for bad debts.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Total stock-based compensation expense was $4.8 million and $3.9 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively, and is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.
Research and development expenses increased $0.3 million, or 4%, to $6.0 million in 2012 from $5.7 million in 2011 and represented 2% of revenues in both periods.
 
Restructuring Costs and Other Expense (Income), Net
 
Restructuring costs and other expense (income), net included costs of $0.3 million in 2012 and other income of $1.9 million in 2011. Costs of $0.3 million in 2012 included accelerated depreciation associated with the anticipated disposal of equipment in China related to a facility consolidation. Other income in 2011 included a gain of $2.3 million associated with the sale of real estate in China, offset in part by restructuring costs of $0.4 million associated with the reduction of 73 employees in China to adjust our cost structure and streamline our operations. All of these items occurred in the Papermaking Systems segment.
 
Interest Income
 
Interest income decreased $0.2 million, or 36%, to $0.3 million in 2012 from $0.5 million in 2011 primarily due to lower average interest rates in 2012.
 
Interest Expense
 
Interest expense decreased $0.3 million, or 22%, to $0.8 million in 2012 from $1.1 million in 2011 primarily due to lower average outstanding borrowings in 2012.
 
Provision for Income Taxes
 
Our provision for income taxes was $4.9 million and $4.3 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively, and represented 14% and 11% of pre-tax income. The effective tax rate of 14% in 2012 included a recurring rate of 26%, offset in part by a 12% non-recurring tax benefit primarily associated with the reversal of the valuation allowance related to the U.S. foreign tax credits. The reversal of the valuation allowance related to a change in the Company’s judgment with respect to the future utilization of the credits due to expected profitability and foreign source income in the U.S. The effective tax rate of 11% in 2011 included a recurring rate of 27%, offset in part by a 16% non-recurring tax benefit primarily associated with the reversal of certain tax reserves and valuation allowances. We expect our effective tax rate in 2013 will increase significantly compared to 2012 and be closer to our statutory rate due to the reversal of valuation allowances in prior periods, which will no longer benefit the provision for income taxes going forward. In addition, our provision for income taxes in the first quarter of 2013 will include a benefit of approximately $0.5 million primarily due to the reduction of the 2012 U.S. tax cost of foreign earnings as a result of U.S. legislation enacted in January 2013.
 
Income from Continuing Operations
 
Income from continuing operations decreased $2.8 million, or 8%, to $31.1 million in 2012 from $33.9 million in 2011, including a decrease in operating income of $2.3 million and an increase in provision for income taxes of $0.6 million (see Revenues ,  Gross Profit Margin ,  Operating Expenses, Restructuring Costs and Other Expense (Income), Net,  and  Provision for Income Taxes  discussed above).
 
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operation
 
Income (loss) from the discontinued operation included income of $0.7 million in 2012 compared to a loss of $9 thousand in 2011. Pre-tax income of $1.2 million from the discontinued operation in 2012 included a benefit of $1.6 million from the reduction in the estimated claims associated with the class action lawsuit partially offset by legal and associated costs of $0.4 million.
On October 24, 2011, we, Composites LLC, and other co-defendants entered into an agreement to settle a nationwide class action lawsuit related to allegedly defective composites decking building products manufactured by Composites between April 2002 and October 2003. We paid $0.6 million with respect to approved claims under the class action settlement in 2012.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.  In February 2013, the FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2013-02. This ASU does not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements. However, it requires an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures required under U.S. GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of this standard, which is related to disclosure only, will not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment. In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU No. 2012-02, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment.” The guidance in this ASU gives us the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of such an asset exceeds its carrying amount, we would not need to calculate the fair value of the asset in that year. However, if we conclude otherwise, we must calculate the fair value of the asset, compare that value with its carrying amount, and record an impairment charge, if any. This guidance is effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, although early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this ASU in 2013, but such adoption is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
 
Comprehensive Income. In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income.” The new guidance eliminates the current option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of stockholders’ equity. Instead, the new guidance requires an entity to present net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement, referred to as the statement of comprehensive income, or in two separate but consecutive statements. While the new guidance changes the presentation of comprehensive income, there are no changes to the components that are recognized in net income or other comprehensive income under current accounting guidance. In addition, in December 2011, the FASB issued an amendment to this accounting standard that defers the requirement to present certain components of reclassifications of other comprehensive income on the face of the income statement for all periods presented. During the deferral period, entities should continue to report reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income consistent with the presentation requirements in effect prior to the issuance of this amendment. This new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We adopted this ASU in 2012 and have revised our presentation of comprehensive income in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
 
            Fair Value Measurements. In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).”   ASU No. 2011-04 establishes a number of new requirements for fair value measurements. These include: (1) a prohibition on grouping financial instruments for purposes of determining fair value, except when an entity manages market and credit risks on the basis of the entity’s net exposure to the group; (2) an extension of the prohibition against the use of a blockage factor to all fair value measurements (that prohibition currently applies only to financial instruments with quoted prices in active markets); and (3) a requirement that for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements, entities disclose quantitative information about unobservable inputs, a description of the valuation process used and qualitative details about the sensitivity of the measurements. In addition, for items not carried at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed, entities will be required to disclose the level within the fair value hierarchy that applies to the fair value measurement disclosed. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We adopted this ASU in 2012, which did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
2011 Compared to 2010
 
The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of income expressed as a percentage of total revenue:
 
 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues	 	 	100	%	 	 	100	%	
Costs and Operating Expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of revenues	 	 	57	 	 	 	56	 	
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	 	 	31	 	 	 	33	 	
Research and development expenses	 	 	2	 	 	 	2	 	
Restructuring costs and other expense (income), net	 	 	(1	)	 	 	–	 	
 	 	 	89	 	 	 	91	 	
Operating Income	 	 	11	 	 	 	9	 	
Interest Income (Expense), Net	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	
Income from Continuing Operations Before Provision for Income Taxes	 	 	11	 	 	 	9	 	
Provision for Income Taxes	 	 	1	 	 	 	2	 	
Income from Continuing Operations	 	 	10	%	 	 	7	%	

Revenues
 
Revenues for 2011 and 2010 for our Papermaking Systems segment and Fiber-based Products business are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Revenues:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	 	$	324,865	 	 	$	261,188	 	
Fiber-based Products	 	 	10,595	 	 	 	8,841	 	
 	 	$	335,460	 	 	$	270,029	 	
 
Papermaking Systems Segment. Revenues at the Papermaking Systems segment increased $63.7 million, or 24%, to $324.9 million in 2011 from $261.2 million in 2010, including increases of $9.8 million from the favorable effects of currency translation and $2.9 million from M-Clean, which was acquired in May 2011. Revenues in all our product lines increased in 2011 compared to 2010, including $36.4 million, or 38%, from stock-preparation and $17.3 million, or 21%, from fluid-handling. Revenues for our capital products increased $47.8 million, or 46%, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the sale of systems from our stock-preparation product line in China and North America and our fluid-handing product line in Europe.
 
Fiber-based Products. Revenues from our Fiber-based Products business increased $1.8 million, or 20%, to $10.6 million in 2011 from $8.8 million in 2010 due to increased demand for our biodegradable granular products.
 
Papermaking Systems Segment by Product Line. The following table presents revenues for our Papermaking Systems segment by product line, the changes in revenues by product line between 2011 and 2010, and the changes in revenues by product line between 2011 and 2010 excluding the effect of currency translation. The increase in revenues excluding the effect of currency translation represents the increase resulting from the conversion of 2011 revenues in local currency into U.S. dollars at the 2010 exchange rates, and then comparing this result to the actual revenues in 2010. The presentation of the changes in revenues by product line excluding the effect of currency translation is a non-GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) measure. We believe this non-GAAP measure helps investors gain an understanding of our underlying operations, consistent with how management measures and forecasts our performance, especially when comparing such results to prior periods or forecasts. This non-GAAP measure should not be considered superior to or a substitute for the corresponding GAAP measure.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
(In millions)	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	 	Increase	 	 	Increase
Excluding
Effect of
Currency
Translation	 	
Papermaking Systems Product Lines:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock-Preparation	 	$	131.9	 	 	$	95.5	 	 	$	36.4	 	 	$	32.3	 	
Fluid-Handling	 	 	100.6	 	 	 	83.3	 	 	 	17.3	 	 	 	13.5	 	
Doctoring, Cleaning, and Filtration (a)	 	 	92.4	 	 	 	82.4	 	 	 	10.0	 	 	 	8.1	 	
 	 	$	324.9	 	 	$	261.2	 	 	$	63.7	 	 	$	53.9	 	
 
(a) 	Amounts were formerly presented separately as doctoring, water-management, and other product lines. Prior period amounts have been recast to conform to the current presentation.	

Our business benefited from the improvement in the pulp and paper industry in 2011, including improved mill operating rates, which led to increased spending on capital products. Sales of our capital products increased $47.8 million, or 46%, in 2011 compared to 2010. As a percentage of total revenues, sales of our capital products increased to 45% in 2011 compared to 39% in 2010.
Excluding a $4.1 million increase from currency translation, revenues in our stock-preparation product line in 2011 increased $32.3 million, or 34%, compared to 2010 primarily due to higher demand for our capital products in China and to a lesser extent North America. In our fluid-handling product line revenues increased $13.5 million, or 16%, excluding a $3.8 million increase from the favorable effect of currency translation, primarily due to higher demand for our products in Europe and to a lesser extent North America. Excluding a $1.9 million increase from currency translation, revenues from our doctoring, cleaning, and filtration product line increased $8.1 million, or 10%, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the acquisition of M-Clean and increased demand for our products in Europe.
Revenues in 2011 increased in all of our geographic regions compared to 2010. Our revenues in China increased $24.8 million, or 67%, to $61.9 million in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to large stock-preparation capital orders booked in late 2010, which were shipped in 2011.
In North America, our business benefited from improved economic conditions and increased mill operating rates and, as a result, our revenues increased $19.4 million, or 14%, in the region. Revenues in Europe increased $19.5 million, or 23%, in 2011 compared to 2010 including a $10.2 million, or 31%, increase in our fluid-handling revenues due to increased demand for our capital products, and to a lesser extent our parts and consumables products. Revenues in Europe also benefited from capital projects in regions outside of Europe, including Africa, South America, and Russia.
 
Gross Profit Margin
 
Gross profit margins for 2011 and 2010 for our Papermaking Systems segment and our Fiber-based Products business are as follows:
 
 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Gross Profit Margin:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	 	 	43.1	%	 	 	43.8	%	
Fiber-based Products	 	 	50.2	%	 	 	45.8	%	
 	 	 	43.3	%	 	 	43.9	%	
 
Gross profit margin decreased to 43.3% in 2011 from 43.9% in 2010 primarily due to a shift in our product mix towards lower-margin capital products.
 
Papermaking Systems Segment. The gross profit margin at the Papermaking Systems segment decreased to 43.1% in 2011 from 43.8% in 2010. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in gross profit margins in our stock-preparation product line due to a shift in our product mix towards lower-margin capital products. Also contributing to the decrease in gross profit margins were lower margins for our water-management products partly due to our M-Clean business acquired in May 2011.
 
Fiber-based Products. The gross profit margin at our Fiber-based Products business increased to 50.2% in 2011 from 45.8% in 2010 primarily due to higher revenue in 2011 compared to the prior year and, to a lesser extent, the lower cost of natural gas used in the production process.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
 Operating Expenses
 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 31% in 2011 from 33% in 2010 due to better operating leverage. Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $13.5 million, or 15%, to $102.7 million in 2011 from $89.2 million in 2010. This increase was primarily due to higher incentive and commission expenses associated with higher revenues and improved operating performance in 2011 compared to 2010. This increase also included a $2.5 million increase from the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation and a $2.4 million increase due to acquisition costs and operating expenses of our M-Clean business acquired in May 2011.
Total stock-based compensation expense was $3.9 million and $2.8 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively, and is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.
Research and development expenses increased $0.4 million, or 9%, to $5.7 million in 2011 from $5.3 million in 2010 and represented 2% of revenues in both periods.
 
Restructuring Costs and Other Income, Net
 
Restructuring costs and other income, net was income of $1.9 million and $1.0 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively. Other income in 2011 included a gain of $2.3 million associated with the sale of real estate in China offset in part by restructuring costs of $0.4 million associated with the reduction of 73 employees in China to adjust our cost structure and streamline our operations. Other income in 2010 included a gain of $1.0 million associated with the sale of real estate in the U.S. and a curtailment gain on a pension liability of $0.2 million associated with the reduction of 25 employees in France. These gains were offset in part by restructuring costs of $0.2 million associated with prior period restructuring plans. All of these items occurred in the Papermaking Systems segment.
 
Interest Income
 
Interest income increased $0.3 million to $0.5 million in 2011 from $0.2 million in 2010 primarily due to higher average interest rates in 2011.
 
Interest Expense
 
Interest expense decreased $0.2 million, or 19%, to $1.1 million in 2011 from $1.3 million in 2010 primarily due to lower average outstanding borrowings in 2011.
 
Provision for Income Taxes
 
Our provision for income taxes was $4.3 million and $5.2 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively, and represented 11% and 22% of pre-tax income from continuing operations. The effective tax rate of 11% in 2011 included a recurring rate of 27%, offset in part by a 16% non-recurring tax benefit primarily associated with the reversal of certain tax reserves and valuation allowances against certain deferred tax assets. The effective tax rate of 22% in 2010 included a recurring rate of 24%, offset in part by a 2% non-recurring tax benefit associated with the reduction in certain tax reserves. The change in effective tax rates between 2011 and 2010 was primarily due to the reversal of tax reserves and the release of valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets in the U.S. and China.
 
Income from Continuing Operations
 
Income from continuing operations increased $15.2 million, or 82%, to $33.9 million in 2011 from $18.7 million in 2010. Income from continuing operations in 2011 includes an increase in operating income of $13.8 million and a decrease in provision for income taxes of $0.9 million (see  Revenues ,  Gross Profit Margin ,  Operating Expenses, Restructuring Costs and Other Income, Net,  and  Provision for Income Taxes  discussed above).
 
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operation
 
(Loss) income from the discontinued operation was a $9 thousand loss in 2011 compared to income of $98 thousand in 2010.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Consolidated working capital was $100.3 million at December 29, 2012 compared with $78.5 million at December 31, 2011. Included in working capital are cash and cash equivalents of $54.6 million at December 29, 2012, compared with $47.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and $0.7 million of restricted cash at December 31, 2011. At December 29, 2012, $51.8 million of cash and cash equivalents was held by our foreign subsidiaries.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
2012
 
Our operating activities provided cash of $29.1 million in 2012, including $30.5 million provided by our continuing operations and $1.4 million used by our discontinued operation. A decrease in other current liabilities used cash of $12.8 million in 2012 largely due to decreases in billings in excess of costs and fees and customer deposits both due to timing. A decrease in accounts payable used cash of $5.9 million in 2012 primarily due to a reduction in raw material purchases. Decreases in inventory and accounts receivable contributed cash of $10.3 million in 2012. The decrease in inventory resulted primarily from lower inventory requirements in 2012 compared to the prior year period and the decrease in accounts receivable resulted primarily from lower revenues. A decrease in the accrued liabilities of our discontinued operation used cash of $1.4 million in 2012. This decrease was due to the payment of claims and associated costs related to the Composites LLC class action settlement.
Our investing activities used cash of $3.4 million in 2012, including $4.3 million for purchases of property, plant, and equipment, offset in part by proceeds of $0.8 million from the sale of property, plant, and equipment.
Our financing activities used cash of $19.3 million in 2012, including $14.5 million for the repurchase of our common stock on the open market and $10.4 million for principal payments on our outstanding debt obligations. These uses of cash were offset in part by borrowings of $5.0 million made under our revolving credit facility in 2012.
 
2011
 
Our operating activities provided cash of $34.3 million in 2011 primarily from our continuing operations. Increases in accounts receivable and inventory used cash of $16.9 million in 2011 as a result of higher sales and increased order activity compared to 2010. Increases in other current liabilities and accounts payable provided cash of $11.8 million in 2011. The increase in other current liabilities in 2011 was largely due to increases in billings in excess of costs and fees due to the timing of billings and accrued incentive and commission expenses related to improved operating performance worldwide. The increase in accounts payable in 2011 primarily related to raw material purchases that resulted from an increase in business volume.
Our investing activities used cash of $21.9 million in 2011. We used cash of $15.2 million for the acquisition of M-Clean. We also used cash of $8.0 million for purchases of property, plant, and equipment. These uses of cash were offset in part by proceeds of $2.4 million from the sale of property, plant, and equipment in 2011.
Our financing activities used cash of $27.0 million in 2011, including $16.1 million for the repurchase of our common stock on the open market and $16.0 million for principal payments on our outstanding debt obligations. These uses of cash were offset in part by borrowings of $5.0 million made under our revolving credit facility in 2011.
 
2010
 
Our operating activities provided cash of $28.4 million in 2010 primarily from our continuing operations. Changes in current assets and liabilities provided cash of $0.5 million in 2010, despite a $44.4 million increase in revenues. This reflected our continued focus on improving our working capital management. The increase in accounts receivable of $13.5 million in 2010 is the result of higher sales compared to 2009. Inventories increased $4.0 million in 2010 as we purchased materials to fulfill orders that shipped in 2011. The increase in other current liabilities of $11.8 million in 2010 was largely due to an increase in customer deposits primarily in China and Europe. Also contributing to the increase in other current liabilities was an increase in accrued incentive compensation related to improved operating performance worldwide. The increase in accounts payable of $6.2 million in 2010 primarily related to raw material purchases that resulted from an increase in orders, as well as the timing of payments in all our major geographic regions. We also contributed cash of $2.2 million to our subsidiary’s noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan in 2010.
Our investing activities used cash of $6.4 million in 2010. We used cash of $3.2 million in 2010, net of cash acquired, for the acquisition of a Canadian-based supplier of pressure screen baskets and a related dewatering equipment product line, as well as for the acquisition of a European supplier of fluid-handling systems. We also used cash of $3.4 million for purchases of property, plant, and equipment and $2.6 million for acquisitions completed prior to 2010. These uses of cash were offset in part by proceeds of $2.9 million from the sale of property, plant, and equipment in 2010.
Our financing activities used cash of $4.5 million in 2010, including $4.4 million for the repurchase of our common stock on the open market and $0.5 million for principal payments on our outstanding debt obligations.
 
2012 Revolving Credit Facility
 
On August 3, 2012, we entered into a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility (2012 Credit Agreement) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $100 million. The 2012 Credit Agreement also includes an uncommitted unsecured incremental borrowing facility of up to an additional $50 million. The principal on any borrowings made under the 2012 Credit Agreement is due on August 3, 2017. Interest on any loans outstanding under the 2012 Credit Agreement accrues and is payable quarterly in arrears at one of the following rates selected by us: (i) the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% plus an applicable margin of 0% to 1%, (b) the prime rate, as defined, plus an applicable margin of 0% to 1%, and (c) the Eurocurrency rate, as defined, plus 0.50% plus an applicable margin of 0% to 1% or (ii) the Eurocurrency rate, as defined, plus an applicable margin of 1% to 2%. The applicable margin is determined based upon the ratio of our total debt to EBITDA, as defined in the 2012 Credit Agreement. For this purpose, total debt is defined as total debt less up to $25 million of unrestricted domestic cash.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Contemporaneously with the execution of the 2012 Credit Agreement, we borrowed $5 million under the 2012 Credit Agreement and applied the proceeds to pay off our existing outstanding unsecured revolving credit facility entered into in February 2008, which was then terminated.  There were no borrowings outstanding under the 2012 Credit Agreement at December 29, 2012.
Our obligations under the 2012 Credit Agreement may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2012 Credit Agreement, which includes customary events of default including without limitation payment defaults, defaults in the performance of affirmative and negative covenants, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, bankruptcy- and insolvency-related defaults, defaults relating to such matters as the Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), unsatisfied judgments, the failure to pay certain indebtedness, and a change of control default. In addition, the 2012 Credit Agreement contains negative covenants applicable to us and our subsidiaries, including financial covenants requiring us to comply with a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.5 to 1, maximum annual capital expenditures of $25 million, and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of 3 to 1, and restrictions on liens, indebtedness, fundamental changes, dispositions of property, making certain restricted payments (including dividends and stock repurchases), investments, transactions with affiliates, sale and leaseback transactions, swap agreements, changing our fiscal year, arrangements affecting subsidiary distributions, entering into new lines of business, and certain actions related to the discontinued operation. As of December 29, 2012, we were in compliance with these covenants.
Loans under the 2012 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of our domestic subsidiaries pursuant to a Guarantee Agreement, effective August 3, 2012.
 
Commercial Real Estate Loan
 
On May 4, 2006, we borrowed $10 million under a promissory note (2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan). The 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan is repayable in quarterly installments of $125 thousand over a ten-year period with the remaining principal balance of $5 million due upon maturity. As of December 29, 2012, the remaining balance on the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan was $6.9 million. Interest on the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan accrues and is payable quarterly in arrears at one of the following rates selected by us: (a) the prime rate or (b) the three-month London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a .75% margin.
Our obligations under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan and the mortgage and security agreements, which includes customary events of default including without limitation payment defaults, defaults in the performance of covenants and obligations, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, bankruptcy- and insolvency-related defaults, liens on the properties or collateral and uninsured judgments. In addition, the occurrence of an event of default under the 2012 Credit Agreement or any successor credit facility would be an event of default under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan.
 
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
 
To hedge the exposure to movements in the 3-month LIBOR rate on outstanding debt, on February 13, 2008, we entered into a swap agreement (2008 Swap Agreement). The 2008 Swap Agreement had a five-year term and expired on February 13, 2013. Under the 2008 Swap Agreement, on a quarterly basis we received a 3-month LIBOR rate and paid a fixed rate of interest of 3.265%. We also entered into a swap agreement in 2006 (2006 Swap Agreement) to convert the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan from a floating to a fixed rate of interest. The 2006 Swap Agreement has the same terms and quarterly payment dates as the corresponding debt, and reduces proportionately in line with the amortization of the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan. Under the 2006 Swap Agreement, we receive a three-month LIBOR rate and pay a fixed rate of interest of 5.63%. As of December 29, 2012, the interest rate swap agreements had an unrealized loss of $1.0 million. Our management believes that any credit risk associated with the 2006 Swap Agreement is remote based on our financial position and the creditworthiness of the financial institution issuing the swap agreement.
The counterparty to the 2006 Swap Agreement could demand an early termination of the swap agreement if we are in default under the 2012 Credit Agreement, or any agreement that amends or replaces the 2012 Credit Agreement in which the counterparty is a member, and we are unable to cure the default. An event of default under the 2012 Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and failure to comply with financial covenants, including a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.5 to 1, maximum annual capital expenditures of $25 million, and a minimum consolidated interest charge coverage ratio of 3 to 1. The unrealized loss of $1.0 million associated with the swap agreements as of December 29, 2012 represents the estimated amount that we would pay to the counterparty in the event of an early termination.
 
Additional Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
On October 26, 2011, our board of directors approved the repurchase by us of up to $30 million of our equity securities during the period from November 6, 2011 through November 6, 2012. We repurchased 438,848 shares of our common stock for $9.8 million in 2012 under this authorization. On October 29, 2012, our board of directors approved the repurchase by us of up to $20 million of our equity securities during the period from November 7, 2012 to November 7, 2013. Through year-end 2012, we had repurchased 194,733 shares of our common stock for $4.7 million under this authorization.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
On February 26, 2013, our board of directors approved the initiation of a quarterly cash dividend. The first cash dividend of $0.125 per outstanding share of our common stock will be paid on May 9, 2013 to all stockholders of record on April 11, 2013. Future declarations of dividends are subject to board of directors’ approval and may be adjusted as business needs or market conditions change. The payment of cash dividends is subject to our compliance with the consolidated leverage ratio contained in our 2012 Credit Agreement.
It is our intention to reinvest indefinitely the earnings of our international subsidiaries in order to support the current and future capital needs of their operations. Through year-end 2012, we have not provided for U.S. income taxes on approximately $123.5 million of unremitted foreign earnings. The U.S. tax cost has not been determined due to the fact that it is not practicable to estimate at this time. The related foreign tax withholding, which would be required if we were to remit the foreign earnings to the U.S., would be approximately $1.6 million.
It is our policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. At December 29, 2012, we had a liability for unrecognized tax benefits and an accrual for the payment of interest and penalties totaling $5.4 million. To the extent we prevail in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established or are required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.
Although we currently have no material commitments for capital expenditures, we plan to make expenditures of approximately $4 to $5 million during 2013 for property, plant, and equipment.
In the future, our liquidity position will be primarily affected by the level of cash flows from operations, cash paid to satisfy debt repayments, capital projects, dividends, stock repurchases, or additional acquisitions, if any. We believe that our existing resources, together with the cash available from our credit facilities and the cash we expect to generate from continuing operations, will be sufficient to meet the capital requirements of our current operations for the foreseeable future.
 
Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments
 
The following table summarizes our known contractual obligations and commercial commitments to make future payments or other consideration pursuant to certain contracts as of year-end 2012, as well as an estimate of the timing in which these obligations are expected to be satisfied. Detailed information concerning these obligations and commitments can be found in Notes 2, 6 and 7 to our consolidated financial statements.
 
 	 	Payments Due by Period or Expiration of Commitment	 	
(In millions)	 	Less than
1 Year	 	 	1-3
Years	 	 	4-5
Years	 	 	After
5 Years	 	 	Total	 	
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments: (a)(b)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Letters of credit and bank guarantees	 	$	10.4	 	 	$	2.1	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	12.5	 	
Retirement obligations on balance sheet	 	 	1.3	 	 	 	2.9	 	 	 	3.0	 	 	 	3.8	 	 	 	11.0	 	
Long-term debt obligations	 	 	0.6	 	 	 	1.0	 	 	 	5.3	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	6.9	 	
Operating lease obligations	 	 	2.1	 	 	 	2.5	 	 	 	0.5	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	5.1	 	
Purchase obligations	 	 	0.5	 	 	 	1.2	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	1.7	 	
Interest (c)	 	 	0.4	 	 	 	0.7	 	 	 	0.2	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	1.3	 	
Acquisition consideration	 	 	0.1	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	0.1	 	
Total (d)(e)	 	$	15.4	 	 	$	10.4	 	 	$	9.0	 	 	$	3.8	 	 	$	38.6	 	

(a)	We have purchase obligations related to the acquisition of raw material made in the ordinary course of business that may be terminated with minimal notice and are excluded from this table.	

(b)	In the ordinary course of business, certain contracts contain limited performance guarantees, which do not require letters of credit, relating to our equipment and systems. We typically limit our liability under these guarantees to amounts that would not exceed the value of the contract. We believe that we have adequate reserves for any potential liability in connection with such guarantees. These guarantees are not included in this table.	

(c)	Amounts assume interest rates on variable rate debt remain unchanged from rates as of year-end 2012.	

(d)	This table excludes $0.3 million of accrued restructuring costs. In addition, the table excludes an unrealized loss of $1.0 million associated with our interest rate swap agreements as this amount would only be owed if the counterparty were to demand an early termination of the agreements in the event of a default under our 2012 Credit Agreement.	

(e)	This table excludes a liability for unrecognized tax benefits and an accrual for the related interest and penalties totaling $5.4 million. Due to the uncertain nature of these income tax matters, we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate as to if and when cash settlements with the appropriate taxing authorities will occur.	

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Provisions in financial guarantees or commitments, debt or lease agreements, or other arrangements could trigger a requirement for an early payment, additional collateral support, amended terms, or acceleration of maturity.
We do not have special-purpose entities nor do we use off-balance-sheet financing arrangements.
 
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	
 
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, which could affect our future results of operations and financial condition. We manage our exposure to these risks through our regular operating and financing activities. We entered into “receive-variable pay-fixed” swap agreements in 2006 and 2008 to hedge our exposure to variable rate long-term debt. Additionally, we use short-term forward contracts to manage certain exposures to foreign currencies. We enter into forward currency-exchange contracts to hedge firm purchase and sale commitments denominated in currencies other than our subsidiaries’ local currencies. We do not engage in extensive foreign currency hedging activities; however, the purpose of our foreign currency hedging activities is to protect our local currency cash flows related to these commitments from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Our forward currency-exchange contracts hedge transactions primarily denominated in U.S. dollars and euros. Gains and losses arising from forward contracts are recognized as offsets to gains and losses resulting from the transactions being hedged. We do not hold or engage in transactions involving derivative instruments for purposes other than risk management.
 
Interest Rates
 
Our cash and cash equivalents are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes would result in a change in interest income due to the difference between the current interest rates on cash and cash equivalents and the variable rates to which these financial instruments may adjust in the future. A 10% decrease in year-end interest rates would have resulted in an immaterial impact on net income in both 2012 and 2011.
Our outstanding debt and interest rate swap agreements are sensitive to changes in interest rates. All of our outstanding debt at year-end 2012 and 2011 was hedged with “receive-variable pay-fixed” swap agreements. The fair values of the swap agreements are sensitive to changes in the 3-month LIBOR forward curve. A 10% decrease in the 3-month LIBOR forward curve would have resulted in an immaterial impact on unrealized losses at year-end 2012 and 2011.
 
Currency Exchange Rates
 
We generally view our investment in foreign subsidiaries in a functional currency other than our reporting currency as long-term. Our investment in foreign subsidiaries is sensitive to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are principally denominated in euros, British pounds sterling, Mexican pesos, Canadian dollars, Chinese renminbi, Brazilian reals, and Swedish kroner. The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on our net investment in foreign subsidiaries is reflected in the “accumulated other comprehensive items” component of stockholders’ equity. A 10% decrease in functional currencies at year-end 2012 and 2011, relative to the U.S. dollar, would have resulted in a reduction in stockholders’ equity of $18.3 million and $16.1 million, respectively.
The fair value of forward currency-exchange contracts is sensitive to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The fair value of forward currency-exchange contracts is the estimated amount that we would pay or receive upon termination of the contracts, taking into account the change in foreign currency exchange rates. A 10% decrease in year-end 2012 and 2011 foreign currency exchange rates related to our contracts would have resulted in an increase in unrealized losses on forward currency-exchange contracts of $0.6 million and $0.9 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively. Since we use forward currency-exchange contracts as hedges of firm purchase and sale commitments, the unrealized gain or loss on forward currency-exchange contracts resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates would be offset primarily by corresponding changes in the fair value of the hedged items.
 
Item  8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	
 
This data is submitted as a separate section to this Report. See Item 15, “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.”
 
Item  9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	
 
Not applicable.
 
Item  9A.	Controls and Procedures	
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 29, 2012. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based upon the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 29, 2012, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of December 29, 2012, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 29, 2012. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth in “Internal Control—Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our assessment, management believes that as of December 29, 2012 our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on the criteria issued by COSO.
Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our independent registered public accountants, KPMG LLP, have issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein on page F-4 and incorporated into this Item 9A by reference.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during the fiscal quarter ended December 29, 2012 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
Item 9B.	Other Information	
 
Not applicable.
 
PART III
 
Item  10.	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance	
 
This information will be included under the heading “Election of Directors” in our 2013 proxy statement for our 2013 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated in this Report by reference, except for the information concerning executive officers, which is included under the heading “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Item 1 of Part I of this Report.
 
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
 
The information required under Item 405 of Regulation S-K will be included under the heading “Stock Ownership–Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our 2013 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.
 
Corporate Governance
 
The information required under Items 406 and 407 of Regulation S-K will be included under the heading “Corporate Governance” in our 2013 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.
 
Item  11.	Executive Compensation	
 
This information will be included under the headings “Executive Compensation”, “Corporate Governance - Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”, and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” in our 2013 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.
 
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	
 
Except for the information concerning equity compensation plans, this information will be included under the heading “Stock Ownership” in our 2013 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
The following table provides information about the securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans as of December 29, 2012:
 
Equity Compensation Plan Information
 
Plan Category	 	Number of Securities
to be Issued upon
Exercise of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants, and
Rights	 	 	Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants, and Rights	 	 	Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation
Plans (Excluding
Securities Reflected in
the First Column)	 	
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	 	 	662,793	(1)	 	 $	20.19	(1)	 	 	602,922	(2)	
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	 	 	 –	 	 	 $	      –	 	 	 	–	 	
Total	 	 	662,793	(1)	 	$	20.19	(1)	 	 	602,922	(2)	

(1)	Excludes an aggregate of 129,004 shares of common stock issuable under our employees’ stock purchase plan in connection with current and future offering periods under the plan. Excludes 2,569 shares reserved for issuance pursuant to our deferred compensation plan for directors.	

(2)	Includes an aggregate of 129,004 shares of common stock issuable under our employees’ stock purchase plan in connection with current and future offering periods under the plan. Excludes 2,569 shares reserved for issuance pursuant to our deferred compensation plan for directors.	
 
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	
 
This information will be included under the heading “Corporate Governance” in our 2013 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.
 
Item  14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	
 
This information will be included under the heading “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our 2013 proxy statement and is incorporated in this Report by reference.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
PART IV
 
Item  15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	
 
(a)	The following documents are filed as part of this Report:	
 
 	(1)	Consolidated Financial Statements (see Index on Page F-1 of this Report):	
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Consolidated Balance Sheet

Consolidated Statement of Income

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 	(2)	Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule (see Index on Page F-1 of this Report):	
 
Schedule II: Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
 
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or not required, or because the required information is shown either in the consolidated financial statements or in the notes thereto.
 
 	(3)	Exhibits filed herewith or incorporated in this Report by reference are set forth in the Exhibit Index beginning on page 35. This list of exhibits identifies each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit to this Report.	
 
(b)	Exhibits	
 
See the Exhibit Index beginning on page 35.

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Kadant Inc.	2012 Annual  Report	
 
Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 	KADANT INC.	
 	 	 	
Date: March 13, 2013	By:	/S/    JONATHAN W. PAINTER	
 	 	Jonathan W. Painter	
 	 	Chief Executive Officer and President	
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated, on March 13, 2013.

 	Signature	 	Title	
 	 	 	 	
By:	/S/    JONATHAN W. PAINTER	 	Chief Executive Officer, President and Director	
 	Jonathan W. Painter	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	/S/    THOMAS M. O’BRIEN	 	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	
 	Thomas M. O’Brien	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	/S/    MICHAEL J. MCKENNEY	 	Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer	
 	Michael J. McKenney	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	/S/    WILLIAM A. RAINVILLE	 	Director and Chairman of the Board	
 	William A. Rainville	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	/S/    JOHN M. ALBERTINE	 	Director	
 	John M. Albertine	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	/S/    SCOTT P. BROWN	 	Director	
 	Scott P. Brown	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	/S/    THOMAS C. LEONARD	 	Director	
 	Thomas C. Leonard	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
By:	/S/    WILLIAM P. TULLY	 	Director	
 	William P. Tully	 	 	

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Exhibit Index
 
Exhibit
Number	Description of Exhibit	
 	 	
2.1	Purchase Agreement dated October 21, 2005, among the Registrant, its Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary, LDI Composites Co., a Minnesota corporation, and Liberty Diversified Industries, Inc., a Minnesota corporation, and parent corporation of the Buyer (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on October 27, 2005 and incorporated in this document by reference). (1)	
 	 	
2.2	First Amendment dated as of October 10, 2006 to the Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of October 21, 2005, among the Registrant, its Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary, LDI Composites Co., a Minnesota corporation, and Liberty Diversified Industries, Inc., a Minnesota corporation, and parent corporation of the Buyer (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 29, 2007 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
2.3	Second Amendment dated as of May 1, 2009 to the Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of October 21, 2005, among the Registrant, its Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary, LDI Composites Co., a Minnesota corporation, and Liberty Diversified Industries, Inc., a Minnesota corporation, and parent corporation of LDI Composites Co. (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 4, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.1*	Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and its directors and officers (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.2*	Form of Amended and Restated Executive Retention Agreement (change in control agreement) between the Company and its executive officers, as amended and restated on December 9, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 3, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.3*	Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 3, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.4*	2001 Employees Equity Incentive Plan of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 3, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.5*	Kadant Inc. Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2011 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.6*	Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 3, 1999 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.7*	Cash Incentive Plan of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 3, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.8*	Summary of non-employee director compensation of the Registrant.	
 	 	
10.9*	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between the Company and its non-employee directors used for annual restricted stock unit awards (filed as Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	

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Exhibit Index
 
Exhibit
Number	 
Description of Exhibit	
 	 	
10.10*	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between the Company and its non-employee directors used for change-in-control restricted stock unit awards (filed as Exhibit 10.18 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.11*	Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between the Company and its executive officers used for restricted stock unit awards granted on March 3, 2009 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 4, 2009 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.12*	Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between the Company and its executive officers used for restricted stock unit awards granted in 2010 and subsequent periods (filed as Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.13*	Form of Stock Option Agreement between the Company and its executive officers used for stock option awards (filed as Exhibit 10.21 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.14*	Restoration Plan of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 2, 2011 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.15	Credit Agreement dated August 3, 2012, among Kadant Inc., the Foreign Subsidiary Borrowers from time to time parties thereto, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties thereto, RBS Citizens, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Multi-currency Administrative Agent (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on August 8, 2012 and incorporated in this document by reference). (1)	
 	 	
10.16	Guarantee Agreement dated August 3, 2012, among Kadant Inc. and the Subsidiary Guarantors, in favor of RBS Citizens, N.A., as Administrative Agent for the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to the Credit Agreement dated as of August 3, 2012 (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on August 8, 2012 and incorporated in this document by reference). (1)	
 	 	
10.17	International Swap Dealers Association, Inc. Master Agreement dated May 13, 2005 between the Registrant and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts and Swap Confirmation dated May 18, 2005 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 2, 2005 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.18	Swap Confirmation dated February 13, 2008 between the Registrant and RBS Citizens, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 10.35 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 29, 2007 [File No. 1-11406] and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.19	Promissory Note in the principal amount of $10,000,000 dated May 4, 2006, between the Registrant and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006 and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.20	Limited Guaranty Agreement dated May 4, 2006 between Kadant Black Clawson Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts (filed as Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006 and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.21	Limited Guaranty Agreement dated May 4, 2006 between Kadant Johnson Inc., a Michigan corporation, and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts (filed as Exhibit 99.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006 and incorporated in this document by reference).	
 	 	
10.22	Mortgage and Security Agreement dated May 4, 2006 between Kadant Black Clawson Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Citizens Bank of Mass. relating to the real property and related personal property located in Theodore, Alabama (filed as Exhibit 99.7 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006 and incorporated in this document by reference). (1)	

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Exhibit Index
 
Exhibit
Number	 
Description of Exhibit	
 	 	
10.23	Mortgage and Security Agreement dated May 9, 2006 between Kadant Johnson Inc., a Michigan corporation, and Citizens Bank of Massachusetts relating to the real property and related personal property located in Three Rivers, Michigan (filed as Exhibit 99.8 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K [File No. 1-11406] filed with the Commission on May 9, 2006 and incorporated in this document by reference). (1)	
 	 	
21	Subsidiaries of the Registrant.	
 	 	
23.1	Consent of KPMG LLP.	
 	 	
23.2	Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.	
 	 	
31.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer of the Registrant Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.	
 	 	
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer of the Registrant Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.	
 	 	
32	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	
 	 	
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.**	
 	 	
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.**	
 	 	
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.**	
 	 	
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.**	
 	 	
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.**	
 	 	
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.**	

*	Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.	

** 	Submitted electronically herewith.	
 
(1)	The schedules to this document have been omitted from this filing pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company will furnish copies of any of the schedules to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.	

Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, (ii) Consolidated Statement of Income for the years ended December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011 and January 1, 2011, (iii) Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011 and January 1, 2011,  (iv) Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011 and January 1, 2011, (v) Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011 and January 1, 2011, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

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Kadant Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule
 
The following Consolidated Financial Statements of the Registrant and its subsidiaries are required to be included in Item 8:
 
 	Page	
 	 	
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-2	
 	 	
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule	F-3	
 	 	
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting	F-4	
 	 	
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011	F-5	
 	 	
Consolidated Statement of Income for the years ended December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011, and January 1, 2011	F-6	
 	 	
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011, and January 1, 2011	F-7	
 	 	
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011, and January 1, 2011	F-8	
 	 	
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011, and January 1, 2011	F-9	
 	 	
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-10	
 
The following Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule of the Registrant and its subsidiaries is filed as part of this Report as required to be included in Item 15(a)(2):
 
 	Page	
 	 	
Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	F-41	

F-1

Table of Contents
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Kadant Inc.:
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Kadant Inc. as of December 29, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for the fiscal year then ended. Our audit also included the financial statement schedule for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2012 listed in the index at Item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Kadant Inc. as of December 29, 2012 and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the fiscal year then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2012, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Kadant Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 29, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 13, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
 	/s/ KPMG LLP	
 	 	
Boston, Massachusetts	 	
March 13, 2013	 	

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Table of Contents
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
on Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule
 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Kadant Inc.:
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Kadant Inc. as of December 31, 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for each of the two fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2011. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule for each of the two fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2011 listed in the index at Item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Kadant Inc. at December 31, 2011 and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2011,  in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule for each of the two fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2011, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
 
 	/s/ Ernst & Young LLP	
 	 	
Boston, Massachusetts	 	
March 14, 2012	 	

F-3

Table of Contents
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Kadant Inc.:
 
We have audited Kadant Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 29, 2012, based on criteria established in  Internal Control—Integrated Framework  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Kadant Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
In our opinion, Kadant Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 29, 2012, based on the criteria established in  Internal Control—Integrated Framework  issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the 2012 consolidated financial statements of Kadant Inc. and our report dated March 13, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
 
 	/s/ KPMG LLP	
 	 	
Boston, Massachusetts	 	
March 13, 2013	 	

F-4

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
(In thousands, except share amounts)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	54,553	 	 	$	46,950	 	
Restricted cash	 	 	–	 	 	 	700	 	
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $2,306 and $2,308	 	 	59,359	 	 	 	59,492	 	
Inventories	 	 	42,077	 	 	 	50,527	 	
Unbilled contract costs and fees	 	 	2,800	 	 	 	3,244	 	
Other current assets	 	 	16,291	 	 	 	11,703	 	
Assets of discontinued operation	 	 	513	 	 	 	1,675	 	
Total Current Assets	 	 	175,593	 	 	 	174,291	 	
Property, Plant, and Equipment, at Cost, Net	 	 	39,168	 	 	 	40,095	 	
Other Assets	 	 	10,145	 	 	 	9,000	 	
Intangible Assets	 	 	26,095	 	 	 	29,053	 	
Goodwill	 	 	107,947	 	 	 	105,959	 	
Total Assets	 	$	358,948	 	 	$	358,398	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current maturities of long-term obligations (Note 6)	 	$	625	 	 	$	500	 	
Accounts payable	 	 	23,124	 	 	 	28,624	 	
Accrued payroll and employee benefits	 	 	16,358	 	 	 	17,687	 	
Customer deposits	 	 	14,811	 	 	 	18,627	 	
Accrued warranty costs	 	 	4,462	 	 	 	4,129	 	
Deferred revenue	 	 	3,918	 	 	 	4,441	 	
Other current liabilities	 	 	11,615	 	 	 	18,152	 	
Liabilities of discontinued operation	 	 	379	 	 	 	3,632	 	
Total Current Liabilities	 	 	75,292	 	 	 	95,792	 	
Deferred Income Taxes (Note 5)	 	 	8,793	 	 	 	10,204	 	
Other Long-Term Liabilities (Note 3)	 	 	18,646	 	 	 	17,022	 	
Long-Term Obligations (Note 6)	 	 	6,250	 	 	 	11,750	 	
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stockholders’ Equity (Notes 3 and 4):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	
Common stock, $.01 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 14,624,159 shares issued	 	 	146	 	 	 	146	 	
Capital in excess of par value	 	 	95,448	 	 	 	93,701	 	
Retained earnings	 	 	230,329	 	 	 	198,706	 	
Treasury stock at cost, 3,493,546 and 2,983,717 shares	 	 	(74,025	)	 	 	(62,118	)	
Accumulated other comprehensive items (Note 14)	 	 	(3,315	)	 	 	(7,955	)	
Total Kadant Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	248,583	 	 	 	222,480	 	
Noncontrolling interest	 	 	1,384	 	 	 	1,150	 	
Total Stockholders’ Equity	 	 	249,967	 	 	 	223,630	 	
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	 	$	358,948	 	 	$	358,398	 	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Consolidated Statement of Income
 
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues (Note 12)	 	$	331,751	 	 	$	335,460	 	 	$	270,029	 	
Costs and Operating Expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of revenues	 	 	185,949	 	 	 	190,247	 	 	 	151,604	 	
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	 	 	103,101	 	 	 	102,660	 	 	 	89,212	 	
Research and development expenses	 	 	5,950	 	 	 	5,717	 	 	 	5,269	 	
Restructuring costs and other expense (income), net (Note 8)	 	 	307	 	 	 	(1,874	)	 	 	(1,005	)	
 	 	 	295,307	 	 	 	296,750	 	 	 	245,080	 	
Operating Income	 	 	36,444	 	 	 	38,710	 	 	 	24,949	 	
Interest Income	 	 	319	 	 	 	499	 	 	 	214	 	
Interest Expense	 	 	(833	)	 	 	(1,066	)	 	 	(1,315	)	
Income from Continuing Operations Before Provision for Income Taxes	 	 	35,930	 	 	 	38,143	 	 	 	23,848	 	
Provision for Income Taxes (Note 5)	 	 	4,852	 	 	 	4,285	 	 	 	5,198	 	
Income from Continuing Operations	 	 	31,078	 	 	 	33,858	 	 	 	18,650	 	
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operation (net of income tax (expense) benefit of $(451), $1,511, and $164 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively; Note 9)	 	 	743	 	 	 	(9	)	 	 	98	 	
Net Income	 	 	31,821	 	 	 	33,849	 	 	 	18,748	 	
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	 	 	(198	)	 	 	(274	)	 	 	(241	)	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	 	$	31,623	 	 	$	33,575	 	 	$	18,507	 	
Amounts Attributable to Kadant:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from Continuing Operations	 	$	30,880	 	 	$	33,584	 	 	$	18,409	 	
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operation	 	 	743	 	 	 	(9	)	 	 	98	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	 	$	31,623	 	 	$	33,575	 	 	$	18,507	 	
Earnings per Share from Continuing Operations Attributable to Kadant (Note 13)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	$	2.70	 	 	$	2.77	 	 	$	1.49	 	
Diluted	 	$	2.66	 	 	$	2.74	 	 	$	1.48	 	
Earnings per Share Attributable to Kadant (Note 13)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	$	2.76	 	 	$	2.77	 	 	$	1.50	 	
Diluted	 	$	2.73	 	 	$	2.74	 	 	$	1.48	 	
Weighted Average Shares (Note 13)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	 	11,456	 	 	 	12,124	 	 	 	12,339	 	
Diluted	 	 	11,590	 	 	 	12,261	 	 	 	12,466	 	

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Comprehensive Income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net Income	 	$	31,821	 	 	$	33,849	 	 	$	18,748	 	
Other Comprehensive Items:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)	 	 	4,324	 	 	 	(1,808	)	 	 	(3,367	)	
Pension and other post-retirement liability adjustments, net (net of tax of $28, $1,331, and $80 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively)	 	 	(35	)	 	 	(2,374	)	 	 	(408	)	
Deferred gain (loss) on hedging instruments (net of tax of $206, $89, and $44 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively)	 	 	387	 	 	 	(193	)	 	 	(166	)	
Other Comprehensive Items	 	 	4,676	 	 	 	(4,375	)	 	 	(3,941	)	
Comprehensive Income	 	 	36,497	 	 	 	29,474	 	 	 	14,807	 	
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest	 	 	(234	)	 	 	(268	)	 	 	(138	)	
Comprehensive Income Attributable to Kadant	 	$	36,263	 	 	$	29,206	 	 	$	14,669	 	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating Activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income attributable to Kadant	 	$	31,623	 	 	$	33,575	 	 	$	18,507	 	
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	 	 	198	 	 	 	274	 	 	 	241	 	
(Income) loss from discontinued operation	 	 	(743	)	 	 	9	 	 	 	(98	)	
Income from continuing operations	 	 	31,078	 	 	 	33,858	 	 	 	18,650	 	
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Depreciation and amortization	 	 	8,384	 	 	 	7,936	 	 	 	7,228	 	
Stock-based compensation expense	 	 	4,766	 	 	 	3,934	 	 	 	2,754	 	
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment	 	 	(214	)	 	 	(2,294	)	 	 	(1,016	)	
(Benefit) provision for losses on accounts receivable	 	 	(14	)	 	 	1,249	 	 	 	455	 	
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense	 	 	(4,868	)	 	 	(1,886	)	 	 	1,249	 	
Other items, net	 	 	1,107	 	 	 	(809	)	 	 	671	 	
Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable	 	 	1,157	 	 	 	(9,909	)	 	 	(13,506	)	
Unbilled contract costs and fees	 	 	236	 	 	 	(1,753	)	 	 	2,209	 	
Inventories	 	 	9,156	 	 	 	(6,966	)	 	 	(4,001	)	
Other current assets	 	 	(696	)	 	 	(1,897	)	 	 	(2,235	)	
Accounts payable	 	 	(5,868	)	 	 	4,469	 	 	 	6,250	 	
Other current liabilities	 	 	(12,808	)	 	 	9,330	 	 	 	11,755	 	
Contributions to pension plan	 	 	(960	)	 	 	(900	)	 	 	(2,200	)	
Net cash provided by continuing operations	 	 	30,456	 	 	 	34,362	 	 	 	28,263	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by discontinued operation	 	 	(1,348	)	 	 	(47	)	 	 	163	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	 	29,108	 	 	 	34,315	 	 	 	28,426	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investing Activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	 	 	85	 	 	 	(15,694	)	 	 	(5,800	)	
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment	 	 	(4,250	)	 	 	(8,030	)	 	 	(3,408	)	
Proceeds from sale of property, plant, and equipment	 	 	803	 	 	 	2,360	 	 	 	2,916	 	
Dividend paid to minority shareholder	 	 	–	 	 	 	(579	)	 	 	–	 	
Other, net	 	 	(3	)	 	 	58	 	 	 	(60	)	
Net cash used in continuing operations for investing activities	 	 	(3,365	)	 	 	(21,885	)	 	 	(6,352	)	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Financing Activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Purchases of Company common stock	 	 	(14,491	)	 	 	(16,088	)	 	 	(4,407	)	
Repayments of short- and long-term obligations	 	 	(10,375	)	 	 	(16,017	)	 	 	(500	)	
Proceeds from issuance of long-term obligations	 	 	5,000	 	 	 	5,000	 	 	 	–	 	
Change in restricted cash	 	 	700	 	 	 	(700	)	 	 	–	 	
Payment of debt issuance costs	 	 	(644	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	
Proceeds from issuance of Company common stock	 	 	358	 	 	 	390	 	 	 	345	 	
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation awards	 	 	132	 	 	 	371	 	 	 	26	 	
Net cash used in continuing operations for financing activities	 	 	(19,320	)	 	 	(27,044	)	 	 	(4,536	)	
Exchange Rate Effect on Cash from Continuing Operations	 	 	1,180	 	 	 	(241	)	 	 	(1,409	)	
Change in Cash from Discontinued Operation	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	1	 	
Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents from Continuing Operations	 	 	7,603	 	 	 	(14,855	)	 	 	16,130	 	
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year	 	 	46,950	 	 	 	61,805	 	 	 	45,675	 	
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	 	$	54,553	 	 	$	46,950	 	 	$	61,805	 	
 
See Note 1 for supplemental cash flow information.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

 	 	Common Stock	 	 	Capital in
Excess of	 	 	Retained	 	 	Treasury Stock	 	 	Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive	 	 	Noncontrolling	 	 	Total
Stockholders’	 	
(In thousands, except share amounts)	 	Shares	 	 	Amount	 	 	Par Value	 	 	Earnings	 	 	Shares	 	 	Amount	 	 	Items	 	 	Interest	 	 	Equity	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at January 2, 2010	 	 	14,624,159	 	 	$	146	 	 	$	92,244	 	 	$	146,624	 	 	 	2,219,221	 	 	$	$ (46,558	)	 	$	252	 	 	$	1,323	 	 	$	194,031	 	
Net income	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	18,507	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	241	 	 	 	18,748	 	
Activity under stock and 401(k) plans	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	665	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(105,299	)	 	 	2,179	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	2,844	 	
Tax benefits related to employees’ and directors’ stock plans	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	26	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	26	 	
Purchases of Company common stock	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	255,500	 	 	 	(4,407	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(4,407	)	
Other comprehensive items	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(3,838	)	 	 	(103	)	 	 	(3,941	)	
Balance at January 1, 2011	 	 	14,624,159	 	 	$	146	 	 	$	92,935	 	 	$	165,131	 	 	 	2,369,422	 	 	$	$ (48,786	)	 	$	(3,586	)	 	$	1,461	 	 	$	207,301	 	
Net income	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	33,575	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	274	 	 	 	33,849	 	
Activity under stock and 401(k) plans	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	395	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(133,411	)	 	 	2,756	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	3,151	 	
Tax benefits related to employees’ and directors’ stock plans	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	371	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	371	 	
Purchases of Company common stock	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	747,706	 	 	 	(16,088	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(16,088	)	
Dividend paid to minority shareholder	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(579	)	 	 	(579	)	
Other comprehensive items	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(4,369	)	 	 	(6	)	 	 	(4,375	)	
Balance at December 31, 2011	 	 	14,624,159	 	 	$	146	 	 	$	93,701	 	 	$	198,706	 	 	 	2,983,717	 	 	$	(62,118	)	 	$	(7,955	)	 	$	1,150	 	 	$	223,630	 	
Net income	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	31,623	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	198	 	 	 	31,821	 	
Activity under stock and 401(k) plans	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	1,615	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(123,752	)	 	 	2,584	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	4,199	 	
Tax benefits related to employees’ and directors’ stock plans	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	132	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	132	 	
Purchases of Company common stock	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	633,581	 	 	 	(14,491	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(14,491	)	
Other comprehensive items	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	4,640	 	 	 	36	 	 	 	4,676	 	
Balance at December 29, 2012	 	 	14,624,159	 	 	$	146	 	 	$	95,448	 	 	$	230,329	 	 	 	3,493,546	 	 	$	(74,025	)	 	$	(3,315	)	 	$	1,384	 	 	$	249,967	 	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-9

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	
 
Nature of Operations
 
Kadant Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in November 1991 and currently trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “KAI.”
Kadant Inc. and its subsidiaries’ (collectively, the Company) continuing operations include one reportable operating segment, Papermaking Systems, and a separate product line, Fiber-based Products. Through its Papermaking Systems segment, the Company develops, manufactures, and markets a range of equipment and products primarily for the global papermaking and paper recycling and process industries. The Company’s principal products in this segment include custom-engineered stock-preparation systems and equipment for the preparation of wastepaper for conversion into recycled paper; fluid-handling systems used primarily in the dryer section of the papermaking process and during the production of corrugated boxboard, metals, plastics, rubber, textiles, chemicals, and food; doctoring systems and equipment and related consumables important to the efficient operation of paper machines; and cleaning and filtration systems essential for draining, purifying, and recycling process water and cleaning paper machine fabrics and rolls. Through its Fiber-based Products business, the Company manufactures and sells granules derived from papermaking byproducts primarily for use as agricultural carriers and for home lawn and garden applications, as well as for oil and grease absorption.
 
Discontinued Operation
 
In 2005, the Company’s Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary (Composites LLC) sold substantially all of its assets to a third party. Through the sale date of October 21, 2005, Composites LLC offered a standard limited warranty to the owner of its decking and roofing products, limited to repair or replacement of the defective product or a refund of the original purchase price. Under the terms of the asset purchase agreement, Composites LLC retained certain liabilities associated with the operation of the business prior to the sale, including the warranty obligations associated with products manufactured prior to the sale date. Composites LLC retained all of the cash proceeds received from the asset sale and continued to administer and pay warranty claims from the sale proceeds into the third quarter of 2007. On September 30, 2007, Composites LLC announced that it no longer had sufficient funds to honor warranty claims, was unable to pay or process warranty claims, and ceased doing business. All activity related to this business is classified in the results of the discontinued operation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
On October 24, 2011, the Company, Composites LLC, and other co-defendants entered into an agreement to settle a nationwide class action lawsuit related to allegedly defective composites decking building products manufactured by Composites LLC between April 2002 and October 2003, which was filed and approved in Connecticut state court. In 2012, the Company paid $647,000 with respect to approved claims under the class action settlement. As of December 29, 2012, the Company has accrued $40,000 for the payment of remaining claims under the class action settlement and $339,000 in related costs.
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
 
Fiscal Year
 
The Company has adopted a fiscal year ending on the Saturday nearest to December 31. References to 2012, 2011, and 2010 are for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011, and January 1, 2011, respectively.
 
Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

F-10

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that entail significant judgments and estimates, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. The Company believes that the most critical accounting policies upon which its financial position depends, and which involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments, concern revenue recognition and accounts receivable, warranty obligations, income taxes, the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, inventories, pension obligations, and derivatives. A discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies is included in Notes 1 and 3.
Although the Company makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements or in the application of accounting policies, if business conditions were different, or if the Company used different estimates and assumptions, it is possible that materially different amounts could be reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable
 
The Company recognizes revenue under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605, “Revenue Recognition,” (ASC 605). The Company recognizes revenue when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or service has been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. When the terms of the sale include customer acceptance provisions, and compliance with those provisions cannot be demonstrated until customer acceptance, revenues are recognized upon such acceptance. The Company includes in revenue amounts invoiced for shipping and handling with the corresponding costs reflected in cost of revenues. Provisions for discounts, warranties, returns and other adjustments are provided for in the period in which the related sales are recorded.
Due to the significance of the Company’s capital goods and spare parts businesses, most of the Company’s revenue is recognized in accordance with the accounting policies in the preceding paragraph. However, when a sale arrangement involves multiple elements, such as equipment and installation, the Company considers the guidance in ASC 605. Such transactions are evaluated to determine whether the deliverables in the arrangement represent separate units of accounting based on the following criteria: the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis, and if the contract includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially under the control of the Company. Revenue is allocated to each unit of accounting or element based on relative selling prices. The Company determines relative selling prices by using either vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) if that exists, or third-party evidence of selling price. When neither VSOE or third-party evidence of selling price exists for a deliverable, the Company uses its best estimate of the selling price for that deliverable. In cases in which elements cannot be treated as separate units of accounting, the elements are combined into a single unit of accounting for revenue recognition purposes.
In addition, revenues and profits on certain long-term contracts are recognized using the percentage-of-completion method pursuant to ASC 605. Revenues recorded under the percentage-of-completion method were $42,190,000 in 2012, $29,207,000 in 2011, and $26,145,000 in 2010. The percentage of completion is determined by comparing the actual costs incurred to date to an estimate of total costs to be incurred on each contract. If a loss is indicated on any contract in process, a provision is made currently for the entire estimated loss. The Company’s contracts generally provide for billing of customers upon the attainment of certain milestones specified in each contract. Revenues earned on contracts in process in excess of billings are classified as unbilled contract costs and fees, and amounts billed in excess of revenues earned are classified as billings in excess of contract costs and fees, which are included in other current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet. There are no significant amounts included in the accompanying balance sheet that are not expected to be recovered from existing contracts at current contract values, or that are not expected to be collected within one year, including amounts that are billed but not paid under retainage provisions. For long-term contracts that do not meet the criteria under ASC 605-35 to be accounted for under the percentage-of-completion method, the Company recognizes revenue using the completed contract method. When using the completed contract method, the Company recognizes revenue when the contract has been completed and when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or service has been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.
Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company exercises judgment in determining its allowance for bad debts, which is based on its historical collection experience, current trends, credit policies, specific customer collection issues, and accounts receivable aging categories. In determining this allowance, the Company looks at historical writeoffs of its receivables. The Company also looks at current trends in the credit quality of its customer base as well as changes in its credit policies. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and adjusts credit limits based upon payment history and each customer’s current creditworthiness. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from its customers. In some instances, the Company utilizes letters of credit as a way to mitigate its credit exposure.

F-11

Table of Contents
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	

The Company’s Chinese subsidiaries may receive banker’s acceptance drafts from customers as payment for their trade accounts receivable. The banker’s acceptance drafts are non-interest bearing and mature within six months of the origination date. The Company has the ability to sell the drafts at a discount or transfer the drafts in settlement of current accounts payable prior to the scheduled maturity date. These drafts, which totaled $9,794,000 and $16,042,000 at December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, are reflected in accounts receivable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet until the subsidiary discounts or transfers the banker’s acceptance drafts prior to maturity or obtains cash payment on the scheduled maturity date.
 
Warranty Obligations
 
The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time of sale based on the actual historical occurrence rates and repair costs. The Company typically negotiates the terms regarding warranty coverage and length of warranty depending on the products and applications. While the Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, repair costs, service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure, and supplier warranties on parts delivered to the Company. Should actual product failure rates, repair costs, service delivery costs, or supplier warranties on parts differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. The changes in the carrying amount of accrued warranty costs are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Balance at Beginning of Year	 	$	4,129	 	 	$	3,778	 	
Provision charged to income	 	 	1,775	 	 	 	2,447	 	
Usage	 	 	(1,544	)	 	 	(2,155	)	
Acquired	 	 	–	 	 	 	86	 	
Currency translation	 	 	102	 	 	 	(27	)	
Balance at End of Year	 	$	4,462	 	 	$	4,129	 	

Income Taxes
 
In accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” (ASC 740), the Company recognizes deferred income taxes based on the expected future tax consequences of differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, calculated using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which these differences are expected to reverse. A tax valuation allowance is established, as needed, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In the period in which it becomes more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized, the valuation allowance will be adjusted.
It is the Company’s policy to provide for uncertain tax positions and the related interest and penalties based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. At December 29, 2012, the Company believes that it has appropriately accounted for any liability for unrecognized tax benefits. To the extent the Company prevails in matters for which a liability for an unrecognized tax benefit is established, the statute of limitations expires for a tax jurisdiction year, or the Company is required to pay amounts in excess of the liability, its effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be affected.
 
Earnings per Share
 
Basic earnings per share has been computed by dividing net income attributable to Kadant by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share was computed using the treasury stock method assuming the effect of all potentially dilutive securities, including stock options, restricted stock units and employee stock purchase plan shares, as well as their related tax effects.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
At year-end 2012 and 2011, the Company’s cash equivalents included investments in money market funds and other marketable securities, which had maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. The carrying amounts of cash equivalents approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

F-12

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Restricted Cash
 
At year-end 2011, the Company had approximately $700,000 of restricted cash. This cash served as collateral for bank guarantees primarily associated with providing assurance to customers in China that the Company will fulfill certain customer obligations entered into in the normal course of business. All of the bank guarantees expired in 2012.
 
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Cash Paid for Interest	 	$	856	 	 	$	1,106	 	 	$	1,339	 	
Cash Paid for Income Taxes	 	$	9,326	 	 	$	6,677	 	 	$	2,754	 	
Non-Cash Investing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fair Value of Assets Acquired	 	$	–	 	 	$	21,808	 	 	$	9,565	 	
Cash Paid for Acquired Businesses	 	 	–	 	 	 	(16,104	)	 	 	    (7,658	)	
Liabilities Assumed of Acquired Businesses	 	$	–	 	 	$	5,704	 	 	$	1,907	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-Cash Financing Activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Issuance of Company Common Stock	 	$	2,106	 	 	$	2,296	 	 	$	1,499	 	
 
Inventories
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out; or weighted average basis) or market value and include materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead. The Company periodically reviews its quantities of inventories on hand and compares these amounts to the expected usage of each particular product or product line. The Company records as a charge to cost of revenues any amounts required to reduce the carrying value of inventories to net realizable value. The components of inventories are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Raw Materials and Supplies	 	$	19,561	 	 	$	20,218	 	
Work in Process	 	 	8,371	 	 	 	9,383	 	
Finished Goods (includes $2,310 and $3,016 at customer locations)	 	 	14,145	 	 	 	20,926	 	
 	 	$	42,077	 	 	$	50,527	 	
 
Property, Plant, and Equipment
 
Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. The costs of additions and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The Company provides for depreciation and amortization primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the property as follows: buildings, 10 to 40 years; machinery and equipment, 2 to 10 years; and leasehold improvements, the shorter of the term of the lease or the life of the asset. Property, plant, and equipment consist of the following:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Land	 	$	3,968	 	 	$	3,869	 	
Buildings	 	 	36,823	 	 	 	35,901	 	
Machinery, Equipment, and Leasehold Improvements	 	 	68,255	 	 	 	65,901	 	
 	 	 	109,046	 	 	 	105,671	 	
Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization	 	 	69,878	 	 	 	65,576	 	
 	 	$	39,168	 	 	$	40,095	 	
 
Depreciation and amortization expense related to property, plant, and equipment was $5,015,000, $4,953,000, and $4,612,000 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

F-13

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets in the accompanying balance sheet include the costs of acquired intellectual property, tradenames, patents, customer relationships, non-compete agreements and other specifically identifiable intangible assets. An intangible asset of $8,100,000 associated with the acquisition of the Johnson tradename as part of the Company’s acquisition of The Johnson Corporation in 2005 has an indefinite life and is not being amortized. The remaining intangible assets have been amortized using the straight-line method over periods ranging from 1 to 20 years with a weighted-average amortization period of 13 years. The intangible asset lives have been determined based on the anticipated period over which the Company will derive future cash flow benefits from the intangible assets. The Company has considered the effects of legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, and other economic factors in determining these useful lives.
Acquired intangible assets are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	Gross	 	 	Currency
Translation	 	 	Accumulated
Amortization	 	 	Net	 	
December 29, 2012	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Customer relationships	 	$	19,054	 	 	$	1,433	 	 	$	(9,825	)	 	$	10,662	 	
Intellectual property	 	 	15,690	 	 	 	(60	)	 	 	(10,838	)	 	 	4,792	 	
Tradenames	 	 	8,879	 	 	 	(30	)	 	 	(125	)	 	 	8,724	 	
Non-compete agreements	 	 	3,362	 	 	 	(9	)	 	 	(3,159	)	 	 	194	 	
Distribution network	 	 	2,400	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(1,094	)	 	 	1,306	 	
Licensing agreements	 	 	400	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(153	)	 	 	247	 	
Other	 	 	689	 	 	 	(27	)	 	 	(492	)	 	 	170	 	
 	 	$	50,474	 	 	$	1,307	 	 	$	(25,686	)	 	$	26,095	 	
December 31, 2011	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Customer relationships	 	$	19,054	 	 	$	1,194	 	 	$	(8,247	)	 	$	12,001	 	
Intellectual property	 	 	15,690	 	 	 	(162	)	 	 	(9,483	)	 	 	6,045	 	
Tradenames	 	 	8,879	 	 	 	(63	)	 	 	(53	)	 	 	8,763	 	
Non-compete agreements	 	 	3,362	 	 	 	(21	)	 	 	(3,259	)	 	 	82	 	
Distribution network	 	 	2,400	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(950	)	 	 	1,450	 	
Licensing agreements	 	 	400	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(133	)	 	 	267	 	
Other	 	 	689	 	 	 	(52	)	 	 	(192	)	 	 	445	 	
 	 	$	50,474	 	 	$	896	 	 	$	(22,317	)	 	$	29,053	 	
 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets was $3,369,000 in 2012, $2,983,000 in 2011, and $2,616,000 in 2010. The estimated future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets is $3,196,000 in 2013; $2,815,000 in 2014; $2,100,000 in 2015; $1,729,000 in 2016; $1,650,000 in 2017; and $6,505,000 in the aggregate thereafter.

F-14

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Goodwill
 
Goodwill as of year-end 2012 and 2011 relates entirely to the Company’s Papermaking Systems segment. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Balance as of Beginning of Year:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross Balance at Beginning of Year	 	$	191,468	 	 	$	183,497	 	
Accumulated Impairment Losses	 	 	(85,509	)	 	 	(85,509	)	
Net Balance at Beginning of Year	 	 	105,959	 	 	 	97,988	 	
Increase due to acquisitions	 	 	–	 	 	 	9,641	 	
Currency translation adjustment	 	 	1,988	 	 	 	(1,670	)	
Total Adjustments	 	 	1,988	 	 	 	7,971	 	
Balance as of End of Year:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Gross Balance at End of Year	 	 	193,456	 	 	 	191,468	 	
Accumulated Impairment Losses	 	 	(85,509	)	 	 	(85,509	)	
Net Balance at End of Year	 	$	107,947	 	 	$	105,959	 	
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
The Company evaluates the recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives as of the end of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances, such as a significant decline in sales, earnings, or cash flows, or material adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that the carrying value of an asset might be impaired. In 2011, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-08,  Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Testing Goodwill for Impairment,  that includes the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount before performing the two-step impairment test as required in ASC 350,  Intangibles – Goodwill and Other . At December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company performed a qualitative goodwill impairment analysis. Our December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011 impairment analyses included an assessment of certain qualitative factors including, but not limited to, the results of prior fair value calculations, the movement of the Company’s share price and market capitalization, the reporting unit and overall financial performance, and macroeconomic and industry conditions. The Company considered the qualitative factors and weighed the evidence obtained, and it determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of any of the reporting units is less than its carrying amount. Although the Company believes the factors considered in the impairment analysis are reasonable, significant changes in any one of the assumptions used could produce a different result. Additionally, at December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company performed a quantitative impairment analysis on our indefinite-lived intangible asset  and determined that the asset was not impaired. Goodwill by reporting unit is as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Stock-Preparation	 	$	17,583	 	 	$	17,488	 	
Doctoring, Cleaning, and Filtration	 	 	33,081	 	 	 	32,032	 	
Fluid-Handling	 	 	57,283	 	 	 	56,439	 	
 	 	$	107,947	 	 	$	105,959	 	
 
The Company assesses its long-lived assets, other than goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable. To analyze recoverability, the Company projects undiscounted net future cash flows over the remaining lives of such assets. If these projected cash flows were less than the carrying amounts, an impairment loss would be recognized, resulting in a write-down of the assets with a corresponding charge to earnings. The impairment loss would be measured based upon the difference between the carrying amounts and the fair values of the assets. No indicators of impairment were identified in 2012 or 2011.

F-15

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
 
All assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated at year-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for each quarter in accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” Resulting translation adjustments are reflected in the “accumulated other comprehensive items” component of stockholders’ equity (see Note 14). Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the accompanying consolidated statement of income and are not material for the three years presented.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
The Company recognizes compensation cost for all stock-based payments to employees and directors based on the grant date estimate of fair value for those awards. The Company uses the grant date trading price of the Company’s common stock to determine the fair value for restricted stock units (RSUs) and the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value for stock option grants. For stock options and time-based RSUs, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for the entire award net of forfeitures. For performance-based RSUs, compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for each separately-vesting portion of the award net of forfeitures and remeasured at each reporting period until the total number of RSUs to be issued is known.
 
Derivatives
 
The Company uses derivative instruments primarily to reduce its exposure to changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. When the Company enters into a derivative contract, the Company makes a determination as to whether the transaction is deemed to be a hedge for accounting purposes. For a contract deemed to be a hedge, the Company formally documents the relationship between the derivative instrument and the risk being hedged. In this documentation, the Company specifically identifies the asset, liability, forecasted transaction, cash flow, or net investment that has been designated as the hedged item, and evaluates whether the derivative instrument is expected to reduce the risks associated with the hedged item. To the extent these criteria are not met, the Company does not use hedge accounting for the derivative. The changes in the fair value of a derivative not deemed to be a hedge are recorded currently in earnings. The Company does not hold or engage in transactions involving derivative instruments for purposes other than risk management.
ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” requires that all derivatives be recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the related gains or losses on these contracts are deferred as a component of accumulated other comprehensive items. These deferred gains and losses are recognized in the period in which the underlying anticipated transaction occurs. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, the unrealized gains and losses resulting from the impact of currency exchange rate movements are recognized in earnings in the period in which the exchange rates change and offset the currency gains and losses on the underlying exposures being hedged. The Company performs an evaluation of the effectiveness of the hedge both at inception and on an ongoing basis. The ineffective portion of a hedge, if any, and changes in the fair value of a derivative not deemed to be a hedge, are recorded in the consolidated statement of income.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. In February 2013, the FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2013-02. This ASU does not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements. However, it requires an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures required under U.S. GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of this standard, which is related to disclosure only, will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

F-16

Table of Contents
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
1.	Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)	
 
Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment. In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU No. 2012-02, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment.” The guidance in this ASU gives the Company the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of such an asset exceeds its carrying amount, it would not need to calculate the fair value of the asset in that year. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, it must calculate the fair value of the asset, compare that value with its carrying amount, and record an impairment charge, if any. This guidance is effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, although early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this ASU in 2013, but such adoption is not expected to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
Comprehensive Income. In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income.” The new guidance eliminates the current option to report other comprehensive income and its components in the statement of stockholders’ equity. Instead, the new guidance requires an entity to present net income and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement, referred to as the statement of comprehensive income, or in two separate but consecutive statements. While the new guidance changes the presentation of comprehensive income, there are no changes to the components that are recognized in net income or other comprehensive income under current accounting guidance. In addition, in December 2011, the FASB issued an amendment to this accounting standard that defers the requirement to present certain components of reclassifications of other comprehensive income on the face of the income statement for all periods presented. During the deferral period, entities should continue to report reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income consistent with the presentation requirements in effect prior to the issuance of this amendment. This new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company adopted this ASU in 2012 and has revised its presentation of comprehensive income in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Fair Value Measurements. In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).”   ASU No. 2011-04 establishes a number of new requirements for fair value measurements. These include: (1) a prohibition on grouping financial instruments for purposes of determining fair value, except when an entity manages market and credit risks on the basis of the entity’s net exposure to the group; (2) an extension of the prohibition against the use of a blockage factor to all fair value measurements (that prohibition currently applies only to financial instruments with quoted prices in active markets); and (3) a requirement that for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements, entities disclose quantitative information about unobservable inputs, a description of the valuation process used and qualitative details about the sensitivity of the measurements. In addition, for items not carried at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed, entities will be required to disclose the level within the fair value hierarchy that applies to the fair value measurement disclosed. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company adopted this ASU in 2012, which did not have an impact on its consolidated financial statements.

2. 	Acquisitions	
 
On May 27, 2011, a subsidiary in the Company’s Papermaking Systems segment acquired all of the stock of m-clean papertech holding AB (M-Clean), a European-based supplier of equipment used to clean paper machine fabrics and rolls. The aggregate purchase price for this acquisition was $15,966,000, net of post-closing adjustments. The purchase price included $910,000 of cash acquired and $517,000 of debt assumed.
This acquisition has been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and the results of M-Clean have been included in the accompanying financial statements from the date of its acquisition. The Company recorded acquisition transaction costs of approximately $249,000 in 2011 in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Allocation of the purchase price for the acquisition was based on estimates of the fair values of the net assets acquired. The purchase price allocation includes identifiable intangible assets acquired of $5,777,000, which are being amortized using the straight-line method over a weighted-average period of 8 years. The excess of the acquisition purchase price over the tangible and identifiable intangible assets was recorded as goodwill and totaled $9,641,000, none of which is deductible for tax purposes.
In 2010, subsidiaries in the Company’s Papermaking Systems segment completed acquisitions of a Canadian-based supplier of pressure screen baskets and a related dewatering equipment product line, as well as a European supplier of fluid-handling systems. The aggregate purchase price for these acquisitions was $8,286,000, net of post-closing adjustments. Approximately $7,658,000 of the purchase price, which included $4,450,000 of cash acquired, was paid at the closings in 2010 and an additional $500,000 and $53,000 was paid in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The Company also made final consideration payments totaling $2,592,000 in 2010 for acquisitions completed prior to 2010.

F-17

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
2. 	Acquisitions (continued)	
 
The 2010 acquisitions have been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, and the results of the acquired businesses have been included in the accompanying financial statements from their dates of acquisition. Acquisition transaction costs of approximately $303,000 in 2010 were recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Allocations of the purchase price for the acquisitions were based on estimates of the fair values of the net assets acquired. The purchase price allocations for the 2010 acquisitions include identifiable intangible assets acquired of $1,313,000, which are being amortized using the straight-line method over a weighted-average period of 8 years. The excess of the acquisitions’ purchase price over the tangible and identifiable intangible assets was recorded as goodwill and totaled $2,574,000, of which $740,000 is fully deductible for tax purposes.
The Company’s acquisitions have historically been made at prices above the fair value of the acquired assets, resulting in goodwill, due to expectations of synergies from combining the businesses. The Company anticipates several synergies in connection with these acquisitions, including the use of the Company’s existing distribution channels to expand sales of the products of the acquired businesses.
Pro forma disclosures of the results of operations are not required, as the acquisitions are not considered material business combinations as outlined in FASB ASC 805, “Business Combinations.”
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans	
 
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
 
The Company maintains stock-based compensation plans primarily for its key employees and directors, although the plans permit awards to others expected to make significant contributions to the future of the Company. The plans authorize the compensation committee of the Company’s board of directors (the board committee) to award a variety of stock and stock-based incentives, such as restricted stock, restricted stock units, nonqualified and incentive stock options, stock bonus shares, or performance-based shares. The award recipients and the terms of awards, including price, granted under these plans are determined by the board committee. Upon a change of control, as defined in the plans, all options or other awards become fully vested and all restrictions lapse. The Company had 473,918 shares available for grant under stock-based compensation plans at year-end 2012. The Company generally issues its common stock out of treasury stock, to the extent available, for share issuances related to its stock-based compensation plans.
The Company recognizes compensation cost for all stock-based payments to employees based on the grant date estimate of fair value for those awards. Total stock-based compensation expense was $4,766,000, $3,934,000, and $2,754,000 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, and is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.

The components of pre-tax stock-based compensation expense are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Restricted Stock Unit Awards	 	$	3,731	 	 	$	3,212	 	 	$	2,381	 	
Stock Option Awards	 	 	954	 	 	 	628	 	 	 	287	 	
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Awards	 	 	81	 	 	 	94	 	 	 	86	 	
Total	 	$	4,766	 	 	$	3,934	 	 	$	2,754	 	
 
The Company has elected to recognize excess income tax benefits from stock option exercises and the vesting of restricted stock units in capital in excess of par value using the tax return ordering approach. The Company measures the tax benefit associated with excess tax deductions related to stock-based compensation expense by multiplying the excess tax deductions by the statutory tax rates. The Company recognized income tax benefits in capital in excess of par value of $132,000, $371,000, and $26,000 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, associated with stock-based compensation.
 
Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Units
 
In general, the Company grants 5,000 restricted stock units (RSUs) to each of its non-employee directors in the first quarter of each fiscal year. The shares vest ratably on the last day of each fiscal quarter within the year. In addition, the Company has granted 10,000 RSUs to each of its non-employee directors, which will only vest and compensation expense will only be recognized upon a change in control as defined in the Company’s 2006 equity incentive plan. These RSUs, which total 50,000 outstanding in the aggregate and have a grant date fair value of $891,000, will be forfeited if a change in control does not occur before the last day of the first quarter of 2015.

F-18

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
 
The Company grants performance-based RSUs to executive officers of the Company. Each performance-based RSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. The RSUs are subject to adjustment based on the achievement of a performance measure selected for the fiscal year, which is a specified target for adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (adjusted EBITDA) generated from continuing operations. Following adjustment, the RSUs are subject to additional time-based vesting, and vest in three equal annual installments, provided that the executive officer is employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates.
The Company recognizes compensation expense associated with performance-based RSUs ratably over the requisite service period for each separately-vesting portion of the award based on the grant date fair value. Compensation expense recognized is net of forfeitures and remeasured each reporting period until the total number of RSUs to be issued is known. Unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested performance-based RSUs totaled approximately $1,325,000 at December 29, 2012, and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.
The performance-based RSU agreements provide for forfeiture in certain events, such as voluntary or involuntary termination of employment, and for acceleration of vesting in certain events, such as death, disability or a change in control of the Company. If the officer dies or is disabled prior to the vesting date, then a ratable portion of the RSUs will vest. If a change in control occurs prior to the end of the performance period, the officer will receive the target RSU amount; otherwise, the officer will receive the number of deliverable RSUs based on the achievement of the performance goal, as stated in the RSU agreements.
 
Time-Based Restricted Stock Units
 
The Company grants time-based RSUs to certain employees of the Company. Each time-based RSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. The Company is recognizing compensation expense associated with these time-based RSUs ratably over the requisite service period for the entire award based on the grant date fair value and net of forfeitures. The time-based RSU agreement provides for forfeiture in certain events, such as voluntary or involuntary termination of employment, and for acceleration of vesting in certain events, such as death, disability, or a change in control of the Company. Unrecognized compensation expense related to the time-based RSUs totaled approximately $1,806,000 at December 29, 2012, and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.
 
A summary of the activity of the Company’s unvested restricted stock units for 2010, 2011, and 2012 is as follows:
 
Unvested Restricted Stock Units	 	Units
(In thousands)	 	 	Weighted
Average Grant-
Date Fair Value	 	
Unvested RSUs at January 2, 2010	 	 	212	 	 	$	17.89	 	
Granted	 	 	245	 	 	$	14.53	 	
Vested	 	 	(86	)	 	$	20.43	 	
Forfeited / Expired	 	 	(59	)	 	$	9.56	 	
Unvested RSUs at January 1, 2011	 	 	312	 	 	$	16.77	 	
Granted	 	 	184	 	 	$	24.91	 	
Vested	 	 	(159	)	 	$	19.90	 	
Forfeited / Expired	 	 	(8	)	 	$	8.81	 	
Unvested RSUs at December 31, 2011	 	 	329	 	 	$	20.02	 	
Granted	 	 	179	 	 	$	21.95	 	
Vested	 	 	(144	)	 	$	19.97	 	
Forfeited / Expired	 	 	(1	)	 	$	27.74	 	
Unvested RSUs at December 29, 2012	 	 	363	 	 	$	20.98	 	
 
The total fair value of shares vested was $3,321,000, $4,071,000, and $1,856,000 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

F-19

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
Stock Options
 
Options granted from 2010 through 2012 have been nonqualified options that vest over three years and are not exercisable until vested. To date, all options have been granted at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The stock options vest in three equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date, provided that the recipient remains employed by the Company on the applicable vesting dates. The Company is recognizing compensation expense associated with these stock options ratably over the requisite service period for the entire award based on the grant date fair value and net of forfeitures. Unrecognized compensation expense related to these stock options totaled approximately $1,181,000 at December 29, 2012, and will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years.
 
The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, assuming no expected dividends, with the following assumptions:
 
 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Weighted-average Exercise Price	 	$	21.91	 	 	$	24.90	 	 	$	14.17	 	
Weighted-average Grant Date Fair Value	 	$	11.69	 	 	$	12.85	 	 	$	7.39	 	
Volatility	 	 	50	%	 	 	45	%	 	 	45	%	
Risk-Free Interest Rate	 	 	1.38	%	 	 	2.86	%	 	 	3.04	%	
Expected Life of Options	 	7.6 years	 	 	7.4 years	 	 	7.5 years	 	
 
The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option-pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected stock price volatility. Expected stock price volatility was calculated based on a review of the Company’s actual historic stock prices commensurate with the expected life of the award. The expected option life was derived based on a review of the Company’s historic option holding periods, including consideration of the holding period inherent in currently vested but unexercised options. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities for a period that is commensurate with the expected term of the option. The compensation expense recognized for all equity-based awards is net of estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated based on an analysis of actual option forfeitures.
 
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity for 2010, 2011, and 2012 is as follows:
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	 	Number
of
Shares	 	 	Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price	 	 	Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life	 	 	Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (a)	 	
Options Outstanding at January 2, 2010	 	 	21	 	 	$	19.13	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Granted	 	 	140	 	 	$	14.17	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Options Outstanding at January 1, 2011	 	 	161	 	 	$	14.82	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Granted	 	 	82	 	 	$	24.90	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exercised	 	 	(8	)	 	$	20.01	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Options Outstanding at December 31, 2011	 	 	235	 	 	$	18.15	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Granted	 	 	83	 	 	$	21.91	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Exercised	 	 	(18	)	 	$	17.54	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Options Outstanding at December 29, 2012	 	 	300	 	 	$	19.23	 	 	8.0 years	 	 	$	2,109	 	
Vested and Unvested Expected to Vest, End of Year	 	 	300	 	 	$	19.23	 	 	8.0 years	 	 	$	2,109	 	
Options Exercisable, End of Year	 	 	116	 	 	$	16.69	 	 	7.4 years	 	 	$	1,111	 	
 
(a)	The closing price per share on the last trading day prior to December 29, 2012 was $26.26.	

F-20

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
3. 	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
A summary of the Company’s stock option exercises in 2012 and 2011 is as follows. There were no stock option exercises in 2010.
 
(In thousands)	 	2012 	 	 	2011 	 	
Total intrinsic value of options exercised	 	$	119	 	 	$	39	 	
Cash received from options exercised	 	$	319	 	 	$	150	 	
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
Substantially all of the Company’s full-time U.S. employees are eligible to participate in its employee stock purchase plan. Under the plan, shares of the Company’s common stock may be purchased at a 15% discount from the fair market value at the beginning or end of the purchase period, whichever is lower. Shares purchased under the plan are subject to a one-year resale restriction and are purchased through payroll deductions of up to 10% of each participating employee’s gross wages. For the 2012, 2011, and 2010 plan years, the Company issued 17,490, 12,509, and 25,466 shares, respectively, of its common stock under this plan.
 
401(k) Savings and Other Defined Contribution Plans
 
The Company’s U.S. subsidiaries participate in the Kadant Inc. 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan sponsored by the Company. Contributions to the plan are made by both the employee and the Company and are immediately vested. Company contributions are based upon the level of employee contributions.
Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries offer other retirement plans, the majority of which are defined contribution plans. Company contributions to these plans are based on formulas determined by the Company.
For these plans, the Company contributed and charged to expense approximately $2,517,000, $2,294,000, and $2,174,000 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.
 
Defined Benefit Pension Plan and Post-Retirement Welfare Benefits Plans
 
The Company sponsors a noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan for the benefit of eligible employees at its Kadant Solutions division and the corporate office. Benefits under the plan are based on years of service and employee compensation. Funds are contributed to a trustee as necessary to provide for current service and for any unfunded projected benefit obligation over a reasonable period. Effective December 31, 2005, this plan was closed to new participants. The Company also has a post-retirement welfare benefits plan for the benefit of eligible employees at its Kadant Solutions division (included in the table below in “Other Benefits”). No future retirees are eligible for this post-retirement welfare benefits plan, and the plans include limits on the employer’s contributions.
In March 2011, the Company approved a Restoration Plan (included in the table below in “Other Benefits”) for the benefit of certain executive officers who are also participants of the noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan. This plan provides a benefit equal to the benefits lost under the noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan as a consequence of applicable Internal Revenue Service limits on the levels of contributions and benefits.
The Company’s Kadant Lamort subsidiary sponsors a defined benefit pension plan (included in the table below in “Other Benefits”). Benefits under this plan are based on years of service and projected employee compensation.
The Company’s Kadant Johnson subsidiary also offers a post-retirement welfare benefits plan (included in the table below in “Other Benefits”) to its U.S. employees upon attainment of eligible retirement age. This plan was closed to employees who did not meet its retirement eligibility requirements on January 1, 2012.
 In accordance with ASC 715, “Compensation–Retirement Benefits,” (ASC 715), an employer is required to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit post-retirement plan as an asset or liability in its balance sheet and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. These amounts will be subsequently recognized as net periodic pension cost pursuant to the Company’s historical accounting policy for amortizing such amounts. Further, actuarial gains and losses that arise in subsequent periods and are not recognized as net periodic pension cost in the same periods will be recognized as a component of accumulated other comprehensive items. The actuarial loss and prior service loss included in accumulated other comprehensive items and expected to be recognized in net periodic pension cost in 2013 are $662,000 and $140,000, respectively.

F-21

Table of Contents
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
The following table summarizes the change in benefit obligation; the change in plan assets; the unfunded status; and the amounts recognized in the balance sheet for the Company’s pension benefits and other benefits plans. The measurement date for all items set forth below is the last day of the fiscal year presented.
 
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Change in Benefit Obligation:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	 	$	31,594	 	 	$	26,734	 	 	$	5,402	 	 	$	3,975	 	
Service cost	 	 	991	 	 	 	855	 	 	 	143	 	 	 	187	 	
Interest cost	 	 	1,313	 	 	 	1,298	 	 	 	225	 	 	 	237	 	
Actuarial loss	 	 	1,046	 	 	 	4,451	 	 	 	425	 	 	 	527	 	
Prior service cost	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	960	 	
Benefits paid	 	 	(3,201	)	 	 	(1,744	)	 	 	(275	)	 	 	(437	)	
Effect of currency translation	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	48	 	 	 	(47	)	
Benefit obligation at end of year	 	$	31,743	 	 	$	31,594	 	 	$	5,968	 	 	$	5,402	 	
Change in Plan Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	 	$	26,393	 	 	$	23,965	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	
Actual return on plan assets	 	 	2,576	 	 	 	3,272	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	
Employer contribution	 	 	960	 	 	 	900	 	 	 	275	 	 	 	437	 	
Benefits paid	 	 	(3,201	)	 	 	(1,744	)	 	 	(275	)	 	 	(437	)	
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	 	$	26,728	 	 	$	26,393	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	
Unfunded status	 	$	(5,015	)	 	$	(5,201	)	 	$	(5,968	)	 	$	(5,402	)	
Accumulated benefit obligation as of year-end	 	$	26,270	 	 	$	25,928	 	 	$	1,777	 	 	$	1,345	 	
Amounts Recognized in the Balance Sheet Consist of:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liability	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	(251	)	 	$	(444	)	
Non-current liability	 	$	(5,015	)	 	$	(5,201	)	 	$	(5,717	)	 	$	(4,958	)	
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items Before Tax Consist of:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrecognized net actuarial loss	 	$	(9,656	)	 	$	(10,205	)	 	$	(1,251	)	 	$	(857	)	
Unrecognized prior service cost	 	 	(273	)	 	 	(329	)	 	 	(882	)	 	 	(908	)	
Total	 	$	(9,929	)	 	$	(10,534	)	 	$	(2,133	)	 	$	(1,765	)	
Changes in Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items Before Tax:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current year unrecognized net actuarial loss	 	$	(85	)	 	$	(2,608	)	 	$	(425	)	 	$	(527	)	
Current year prior service cost	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(960	)	
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost	 	 	56	 	 	 	55	 	 	 	28	 	 	 	15	 	
Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial loss	 	 	634	 	 	 	433	 	 	 	36	 	 	 	28	 	
Effect of currency translation	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(7	)	 	 	4	 	
Total	 	$	605	 	 	$	(2,120	)	 	$	(368	)	 	$	(1,440	)	

F-22

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation as of year-end were as follows:
 
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Discount rate	 	 	3.89	%	 	 	4.28	%	 	 	3.52	%	 	 	4.44	%	
Rate of compensation increase	 	 	3.50	%	 	 	4.00	%	 	 	3.15	%	 	 	3.28	%	
 
The projected benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for the Company’s pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:
 
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Pension Plans with Projected Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Projected benefit obligation	 	$	31,743	 	 	$	31,594	 	 	$	2,456	 	 	$	1,790	 	
Fair value of plan assets	 	$	26,728	 	 	$	26,393	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	
 
The accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for the Company’s pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:
 
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accumulated benefit obligation	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	1,777	 	 	$	1,345	 	
Fair value of plan assets	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	
 
 The components of net periodic benefit cost were as follows:

 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service cost	 	$	991	 	 	$	855	 	 	$	820	 	 	$	143	 	 	$	187	 	 	$	100	 	
Interest cost	 	 	1,313	 	 	 	1,298	 	 	 	1,294	 	 	 	225	 	 	 	237	 	 	 	218	 	
Expected return on plan assets	 	 	(1,616	)	 	 	(1,429	)	 	 	(1,412	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	
Recognized net actuarial loss	 	 	634	 	 	 	433	 	 	 	439	 	 	 	36	 	 	 	28	 	 	 	13	 	
Amortization of prior service cost (income)	 	 	56	 	 	 	55	 	 	 	55	 	 	 	28	 	 	 	15	 	 	 	(58	)	
Net periodic benefit cost	 	 	1,378	 	 	 	1,212	 	 	 	1,196	 	 	 	432	 	 	 	467	 	 	 	273	 	
Curtailment gain	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	(219	)	
Net periodic benefit cost	 	$	1,378	 	 	$	1,212	 	 	$	1,196	 	 	$	432	 	 	$	467	 	 	$	54	 	
 
The weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost were as follows:
 
 	 	Pension Benefits	 	 	Other Benefits	 	
 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Discount rate	 	 	4.28	%	 	 	5.25	%	 	 	5.75	%	 	 	4.44	%	 	 	5.04	%	 	 	5.52	%	
Expected long-term return on plan assets	 	 	6.25	%	 	 	6.25	%	 	 	7.00	%	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	
Rate of compensation increase	 	 	4.00	%	 	 	4.00	%	 	 	4.00	%	 	 	3.57	%	 	 	3.28	%	 	 	2.00	%	
 
         In developing the overall expected long-term return on plan assets assumption, a building block approach was used in which rates of return in excess of inflation were considered separately for equity securities, debt securities, and other assets. The excess returns were weighted by the representative target allocation and added along with an appropriate rate of inflation to develop the overall expected long-term return on plan assets assumption. The Company believes this determination is consistent with ASC 715.

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Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
3.	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
Assumed weighted-average healthcare cost trend rates as of year-end were as follows:
 
 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year	 	 	8.00	%	 	 	8.00	%	
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate	 	 	0.00	%	 	 	0.00	%	
Year assumed rate reaches ultimate rate	 	 	2018	 	 	 	2018	 	
 
Assumed healthcare cost trend rates can have a significant effect on the amounts reported for healthcare benefits. A one-percentage point change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have the following effects:
 
(In thousands)	 	1 Percentage
Point Increase	 	 	1 Percentage
Point Decrease	 	
Effect on total of service and interest cost components—(expense) income	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	
Effect on post-retirement benefit obligation—(increase) decrease	 	$	(1	)	 	$	1	 	
 
Plan Assets
 
The fair values of the Company’s noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan assets at year-end 2012 and 2011 by asset category are as follows:
 
 	 	2012
Fair Value Measurement	 	
(In thousands)	 	Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)	 	 	Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	 	Total	 	
Asset Category:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Mutual Funds:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. Equity (a)	 	$	3,331	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	3,331	 	
International Equity (a)	 	 	848	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	848	 	
Fixed Income (b)	 	 	14,641	 	 	 	7,908	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	22,549	 	
Total Assets	 	$	18,820	 	 	$	7,908	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	26,728	 	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	2011
Fair Value Measurement	 	
(In thousands)	 	Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets
(Level 1)	 	 	Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)	 	 	Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)	 	 	Total	 	
Asset Category:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Mutual Funds:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. Equity (a)	 	$	3,040	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	3,040	 	
International Equity (a)	 	 	697	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	697	 	
Fixed Income (b)	 	 	14,186	 	 	 	8,470	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	22,656	 	
Total Assets	 	$	17,923	 	 	$	8,470	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	26,393	 	

(a)	Common stock index funds.	

(b)	Investments in commingled funds that invest in a diversified blend of investment and non-investment grade fixed income securities.	
 
Description of Fair Value Measurements
 
Level 1 – Quoted, active market prices for identical assets. Share prices of the funds, referred to as a fund’s Net Asset Value (NAV), are calculated daily based on the closing market prices and accruals of securities in the fund’s total portfolio (total

F-24

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
3. 	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	
 
value of the fund) divided by the number of fund shares currently issued and outstanding. Redemptions of the mutual funds occur by contract at the respective fund’s redemption date NAV.
 
Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, based on model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets. The NAVs of the funds are calculated monthly based on the closing market prices and accruals of securities in the fund’s total portfolio (total value of the fund) divided by the number of fund shares currently issued and outstanding. Redemptions of the mutual funds occur by contract at the respective fund’s redemption date NAV.
 
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions.
 
The Company has developed an investment policy for its noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan. The investment strategy is to emphasize total return, that is, the aggregate return from capital appreciation and dividend and interest income. The primary objective of the investment management for the plan’s assets is the emphasis on consistent growth, specifically, growth in a manner that protects the plan’s assets from excessive volatility in market value from year to year. The investment policy takes into consideration the benefit obligations, including timing of distributions.
The primary objective for the noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan is to provide long-term capital appreciation through investment in equity and debt securities. The following target asset allocation has been established for the plan:
 
Asset Category	 	Minimum	 	 	Neutral	 	 	Maximum	 	
Equity securities	 	 	10	%	 	 	15	%	 	 	20	%	
Debt securities	 	 	80	%	 	 	85	%	 	 	90	%	
Total	 	 	 	 	 	 	100	%	 	 	 	 	
 
All equity securities must be drawn from recognized securities exchanges. Debt securities must be weighted to reflect a portfolio average maturity of not more than ten years, with average benchmark duration of five years. The credit quality must equal or exceed high investment grade quality (“Baa” or better).
 
Cash Flows
 
Contributions
 
The Company expects to make cash contributions of $1,080,000 to its noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan in 2013. For the remaining pension and post-retirement welfare benefits plans, no cash contributions other than to fund current benefit payments are expected in 2013.
 
Estimated Future Benefit Payments
 
The following benefit payments, which reflect future service as appropriate, are expected to be paid. The benefit payments are based on the same assumptions used to measure the Company’s benefit obligation at year-end 2012.
 
(In thousands)	 	Pension
Benefits	 	 	Other
Benefits	 	
2013	 	$	1,614	 	 	$	252	 	
2014	 	 	1,318	 	 	 	440	 	
2015	 	 	2,115	 	 	 	259	 	
2016	 	 	1,474	 	 	 	327	 	
2017	 	 	3,039	 	 	 	894	 	
2018-2022	 	 	12,718	 	 	 	2,037	 	
 
Information and Assumptions for the Post-Retirement Welfare Benefits Plan
 
All eligible retirees of the Company’s Kadant Solutions division are currently participating in a post-retirement welfare benefits plan, with no future retirees eligible to participate. Effective September 1, 2003, the monthly contribution to the plan was capped at $358 per participant. For the majority of the retirees in the plan, no healthcare cost trend rate is assumed, as the Company cap applies. For the remainder, the healthcare cost trend rate is assumed to be 8% in 2012, decreasing to an ultimate rate of 0% in 2018, at which time the plan caps on benefits are expected to apply to all benefits.

F-25

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
3. 	Employee Benefit Plans (continued)	

All eligible retirees of the Company’s Kadant Johnson Inc. subsidiary are currently participating in a post-retirement welfare benefits plan. Kadant Johnson pays 75% of all plan costs for retirees with a retirement date prior to January 1, 2005, and 50% of all plan costs for retirees with a retirement date after January 1, 2005, with no limits on its contributions up to annual employee and plan stop loss limitations. This plan was closed to employees who did not meet its retirement eligibility requirements on January 1, 2012. The medical healthcare cost trend rate no longer affects the amounts reported for the health care benefits in this plan.
 
4.	Preferred and Common Stock	
 
Preferred Stock
 
The Company’s Certificate of Incorporation authorizes up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.01 par value per share, for issuance by the Company’s board of directors without further shareholder approval.
 
Common Stock
 
At year-end 2012, the Company had reserved 1,268,284 unissued shares of its common stock for possible issuance under its stock-based compensation plans.
 
5.	Income Taxes	
 
The components of income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Domestic	 	$	11,445	 	 	$	9,823	 	 	$	6,484	 	
Foreign	 	 	24,485	 	 	 	28,320	 	 	 	17,364	 	
 	 	$	35,930	 	 	$	38,143	 	 	$	23,848	 	
 
The components of the provision for income taxes from continuing operations are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Current Provision (Benefit) :	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Federal	 	$	1,798	 	 	$	123	 	 	$	(630	)	
Foreign	 	 	7,363	 	 	 	5,575	 	 	 	3,976	 	
State	 	 	559	 	 	 	473	 	 	 	603	 	
 	 	 	9,720	 	 	 	6,171	 	 	 	3,949	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deferred (Benefit) Provision :	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Federal	 	 	(3,980	)	 	 	(317	)	 	 	999	 	
Foreign	 	 	(782	)	 	 	(1,309	)	 	 	107	 	
State	 	 	(106	)	 	 	(260	)	 	 	143	 	
 	 	 	(4,868	)	 	 	(1,886	)	 	 	1,249	 	
 	 	$	4,852	 	 	$	4,285	 	 	$	5,198	 	
 
The provision (benefit) for income taxes included in the accompanying statement of income is as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Continuing Operations	 	$	4,852	 	 	$	4,285	 	 	$	5,198	 	
Discontinued Operation	 	 	451	 	 	 	(1,511	)	 	 	(164	)	
 	 	$	5,303	 	 	$	2,774	 	 	$	5,034	 	

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Table of Contents

Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
5.	Income Taxes (continued)	
 
The Company receives a tax deduction upon the exercise of nonqualified stock options by employees equal to the difference between the market price and the exercise price of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise. The current provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of income does not reflect $132,000, $371,000, and $26,000 of such excess tax benefits in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, from the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units.
The provision for income taxes from continuing operations in the accompanying statement of income differs from the provision calculated by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% to income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes due to the following:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Provision for Income Taxes at Statutory Rate	 	$	12,576	 	 	$	13,350	 	 	$	8,347	 	
Increases (Decreases) Resulting From:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
State income taxes, net of federal tax	 	 	295	 	 	 	(140	)	 	 	485	 	
U.S. tax cost (benefit) of foreign earnings	 	 	791	 	 	 	(53	)	 	 	1,108	 	
Foreign tax rate differential	 	 	(2,298	)	 	 	(3,094	)	 	 	(2,039	)	
Unrecognized tax (benefit) reserves, net	 	 	624	 	 	 	(1,596	)	 	 	(386	)	
Change in valuation allowance	 	 	(7,051	)	 	 	(4,183	)	 	 	(2,051	)	
Nondeductible expenses	 	 	775	 	 	 	746	 	 	 	426	 	
Research and development tax credits	 	 	(623	)	 	 	(324	)	 	 	(266	)	
Other	 	 	(237	)	 	 	(421	)	 	 	(426	)	
 	 	$	4,852	 	 	$	4,285	 	 	$	5,198	 	
 
Net deferred tax asset (liability) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet consists of the following:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Deferred Tax Liability:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Foreign and alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards	 	$	5,659	 	 	$	8,050	 	
Reserves and accruals	 	 	6,493	 	 	 	6,651	 	
Operating loss carryforwards	 	 	15,147	 	 	 	14,515	 	
Inventory basis difference	 	 	2,468	 	 	 	2,443	 	
Research and development	 	 	1,193	 	 	 	1,316	 	
Employee compensation	 	 	2,229	 	 	 	1,847	 	
Allowance for doubtful accounts	 	 	486	 	 	 	458	 	
Other	 	 	88	 	 	 	176	 	
Revenue recognition	 	 	286	 	 	 	328	 	
Deferred Tax Asset, Gross	 	 	34,049	 	 	 	35,784	 	
Less: Valuation Allowance	 	 	(14,315	)	 	 	(21,014	)	
Deferred Tax Asset, Net	 	 	19,734	 	 	 	14,770	 	
Goodwill and intangible assets	 	 	(15,393	)	 	 	(15,244	)	
Fixed assets basis difference	 	 	(2,974	)	 	 	(3,313	)	
Reserves and accruals	 	 	(342	)	 	 	(398	)	
Other	 	 	(107	)	 	 	(149	)	
Deferred Tax Liability	 	 	(18,816	)	 	 	(19,104	)	
Net Deferred Tax Asset (Liability)	 	$	918	 	 	$	(4,334	)	
 
The deferred tax asset and liability are presented in the accompanying balance sheet within other current assets, other assets, other current liabilities and deferred income taxes based on when the tax benefits are expected to be realized and on a net basis by tax jurisdiction.

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Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
5.	Income Taxes (continued)	

The Company has established valuation allowances related to certain domestic and foreign deferred tax assets on deductible temporary differences, tax losses, and tax credit carryforwards. The valuation allowance at year-end 2012 was $14,315,000, consisting of $985,000 in the U.S. and $13,330,000 in foreign jurisdictions. The decrease in the valuation allowance in 2012 of $6,699,000 related primarily to the release of the valuation allowance in the U.S. Compliance with ASC 740 requires the Company to periodically evaluate the necessity of establishing or adjusting a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets depending on whether it is more likely than not that a related tax benefit will be realized in future periods. When assessing the need for a valuation allowance in a tax jurisdiction, the Company evaluates the weight of all available evidence to determine whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As part of this evaluation, the Company considers its cumulative three-year history of earnings before income taxes, taxable income in prior carryback years, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, and expected future results of operations. As of year-end 2012, in the U.S. the Company was in a three-year cumulative income position and expects income from operations and foreign source income in 2013; as a result, the Company released its tax valuation allowance against deferred tax assets associated with foreign tax credits and research and development tax credits. As of year-end 2012, the Company continued to maintain a valuation allowance in the U.S. primarily against its state operating loss carryforwards due to the uncertainty of future profitability in state jurisdictions in the U.S. As of year-end 2012, the Company maintained a full valuation allowance in certain foreign jurisdictions because of the uncertainty of future profitability.
At year-end 2012, the Company had domestic state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $25,360,000 and $58,213,000, respectively, U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards of $4,499,000, U.S. research and development tax credits of $427,000, and U.S. alternative minimum tax credits of $1,154,000. The domestic state loss carryforwards will expire in the years 2013 through 2032. Their utilization is limited to future taxable income from the Company’s domestic subsidiaries. Of the foreign net operating loss carryforwards, $13,804,000 will expire in the years 2014 through 2032, and the remainder do not expire. The U.S. foreign tax credits will expire in the years 2015 through 2020. The research and development tax credits will expire in the years 2021 through 2032 and the alternative minimum tax credits may be carried forward indefinitely.
The Company has not recognized a deferred tax liability for the difference between the book basis and the tax basis of its investment in the stock of its domestic subsidiaries, related primarily to unremitted earnings of subsidiaries, because it does not expect this basis difference to become subject to tax at the parent level. The Company believes it can implement certain tax strategies to recover its investment in its domestic subsidiaries tax-free. It is the Company’s intention to reinvest indefinitely the earnings of its international subsidiaries in order to support the current and future capital needs of their operations in the foreign jurisdictions. Through year-end 2012, the Company has not provided for U.S. income taxes on approximately $123,533,000 of unremitted foreign earnings. The U.S. tax cost has not been determined due to the fact that it is not practicable to estimate at this time. The related foreign tax withholding, which would be required if the Company were to remit these foreign earnings to the U.S., would be approximately $1,575,000.
The Company operates within multiple tax jurisdictions and could be subject to audit in those jurisdictions. Such audits can involve complex income tax issues, which may require an extended period of time to resolve and may cover multiple years. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all years subject to audit.

F-28

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
5.	Income Taxes (continued)	

As of year-end 2012, the Company had $4,194,000 of unrecognized tax benefits which, if recognized, would reduce the effective tax rate. A tabular reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits at year-end 2012 and 2011 is as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of year	 	$	3,308	 	 	$	6,134	 	
Gross increases—tax positions in prior periods	 	 	185	 	 	 	102	 	
Gross decreases—tax positions in prior periods	 	 	(41	)	 	 	(1,353	)	
Gross increases—current-period tax positions	 	 	1,231	 	 	 	1,469	 	
Settlements	 	 	(182	)	 	 	(940	)	
Lapses of statutes of limitation	 	 	(367	)	 	 	(1,914	)	
Currency translation	 	 	60	 	 	 	(190	)	
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of year	 	$	4,194	 	 	$	3,308	 	
 
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes. The Company has accrued $1,196,000 and $1,194,000 for the potential payment of interest and penalties at year-end 2012 and 2011, respectively. The interest and penalties included in the consolidated statement of income was a benefit of $6,000 and $581,000 in 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The Company is currently under audit in the U.S. and certain non-U.S. taxing jurisdictions. It is reasonably possible that over the next twelve months the amount of liability for unrecognized tax benefits may be reduced by up to $409,000 due to the re-evaluation of current uncertain tax positions as a result of examinations or from the expiration of tax statute of limitations.
The Company remains subject to U.S. Federal income tax examinations for the tax years 2009 through 2012, and to non-U.S. income tax examinations for the tax years 2005 through 2012. In addition, the Company remains subject to state and local income tax examinations in the U.S. for the tax years 2002 through 2012.
 
6.	Long-Term Obligations	
 
Long-term obligations at year-end 2012 and 2011 are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Revolving Credit Facility, expired 2012	 	$	–	 	 	$	5,000	 	
Variable Rate Term Loan, due from 2013 to 2016	 	 	6,875	 	 	 	7,250	 	
Total Long-Term Obligations	 	 	6,875	 	 	 	12,250	 	
Less: Current Maturities	 	 	(625	)	 	 	(500	)	
Long-Term Obligations, less Current Maturities	 	$	6,250	 	 	$	11,750	 	
 
The annual payment requirements for long-term obligations are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	 	 	
2013	 	$	625	 	
2014	 	 	500	 	
2015	 	 	500	 	
2016	 	 	5,250	 	

F-29

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
6.	Long-Term Obligations (continued)	
 
The weighted average interest rate for long-term obligations was 6.38% and 5.31% at year-end 2012 and 2011, respectively.
See Note 11 for the fair value information related to the Company’s long-term obligations.
 
Revolving Credit Facility
 
On August 3, 2012, the Company entered into a five-year unsecured revolving credit facility (2012 Credit Agreement) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $100,000,000. The 2012 Credit Agreement also includes an uncommitted unsecured incremental borrowing facility of up to an additional $50,000,000. The principal on any borrowings made under the 2012 Credit Agreement is due on August 3, 2017. Interest on any loans outstanding under the 2012 Credit Agreement accrues and is payable quarterly in arrears at one of the following rates selected by the Company: (i) the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% plus an applicable margin of 0% to 1%, (b) the prime rate, as defined, plus an applicable margin of 0% to 1% and (c) the Eurocurrency rate, as defined, plus 0.50% plus an applicable margin of 0% to 1% or (ii) the Eurocurrency rate, as defined, plus an applicable margin of 1% to 2%. The applicable margin is determined based upon the ratio of the Company’s total debt to EBITDA, as defined in the 2012 Credit Agreement. For this purpose, total debt is defined as total debt less up to $25,000,000 of unrestricted domestic cash.
Contemporaneously with the execution of the 2012 Credit Agreement, the Company borrowed $5,000,000 under the 2012 Credit Agreement and applied the proceeds to pay off its existing outstanding unsecured revolving credit facility entered into in February 2008, which was then terminated. There were no borrowings outstanding under the 2012 Credit Agreement at December 29, 2012.
The obligations of the Company under the 2012 Credit Agreement may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2012 Credit Agreement, which includes customary events of default including without limitation payment defaults, defaults in the performance of affirmative and negative covenants, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, bankruptcy- and insolvency-related defaults, defaults relating to such matters as the Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), unsatisfied judgments, the failure to pay certain indebtedness, and a change of control default. In addition, the 2012 Credit Agreement contains negative covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries including financial covenants requiring the Company to comply with a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.5 to 1, maximum annual capital expenditures of $25,000,000, and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of 3 to 1, and restrictions on liens, indebtedness, fundamental changes, dispositions of property, making certain restricted payments (including dividends and stock repurchases), investments, transactions with affiliates, sale and leaseback transactions, swap agreements, changing its fiscal year, arrangements affecting subsidiary distributions, entering into new lines of business, and certain actions related to the discontinued operation. As of December 29, 2012, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
Loans under the 2012 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company pursuant to a Guarantee Agreement, effective August 3, 2012.
As of December 29, 2012, the Company had $99,922,000 of borrowing capacity available under the committed portion of its 2012 Credit Agreement. The amount the Company is able to borrow under the 2012 Credit Agreement is the total borrowing capacity of $100,000,000 less any outstanding borrowings, letters of credit and multi-currency borrowings issued under the 2012 Credit Agreement.
 
2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan
 
On May 4, 2006, the Company borrowed $10,000,000 under a promissory note (2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan), which is repayable in quarterly installments of $125,000 over a ten-year period with the remaining principal balance of $5,000,000 due upon maturity. Interest on the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan accrues and is payable quarterly in arrears at one of the following rates selected by the Company: (a) the prime rate or (b) the three-month London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a .75% margin. The 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan is guaranteed and secured by real estate and related personal property of the Company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries, located in Theodore, Alabama; Auburn, Massachusetts; and Three Rivers, Michigan; pursuant to mortgage and security agreements dated May 4, 2006 (Mortgage and Security Agreements). As of year-end 2012, the remaining balance on the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan was $6,875,000.
The Company’s obligations under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an event of default under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan and the Mortgage and Security Agreements, which include customary events of default including without limitation payment defaults, defaults in the performance of covenants and obligations, the inaccuracy of representations or warranties, bankruptcy- and insolvency-related defaults, liens on the properties or collateral and uninsured judgments. In addition, the occurrence of an event of default under the 2012 Credit Agreement or any successor credit facility would be an event of default under the 2006 Commercial Real Estate Loan.

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Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
6.	Long-Term Obligations (continued)	
 
Debt Issuance Costs
 
Debt issuance costs are being amortized to interest expense over the corresponding debt term based on the effective-interest method. As of year-end 2012, unamortized debt issuance costs, included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, were approximately $663,000.
 
7.	Commitments and Contingencies	
 
Operating Leases
 
The Company occupies office and operating facilities under various operating leases. The accompanying consolidated statement of income includes expenses from operating leases of $2,137,000, $2,043,000, and $1,919,000 in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. The future minimum payments due under noncancelable operating leases as of December 29, 2012 are $2,117,000 in 2013; $1,657,000 in 2014; $813,000 in 2015; $397,000 in 2016; $106,000 in 2017 and $35,000 thereafter. Total future minimum lease payments are $5,125,000.
 
Letters of Credit and Bank Guarantees
 
Outstanding letters of credit and bank guarantees issued on behalf of the Company as applicant, principally relating to performance obligations and customer deposit guarantees, totaled $12,535,000 at year-end 2012. Certain of the Company’s contracts, particularly for stock-preparation and systems orders, require the Company to provide a standby letter of credit or bank guarantee to a customer as beneficiary, limited in amount to a negotiated percentage of the total contract value, in order to guarantee warranty and performance obligations of the Company under the contract. Typically, these standby letters of credit and bank guarantees expire without being drawn by the beneficiary.
 
Right of Recourse
 
In the ordinary course of business, the Company's subsidiaries in China may receive banker’s acceptance drafts from customers in payment of outstanding accounts receivable. These banker’s acceptance drafts are non-interest bearing and mature within six months of the origination date. The Company's subsidiaries in China may use these banker’s acceptance drafts prior to the scheduled maturity date to settle outstanding accounts payable with vendors. Banker’s acceptance drafts transferred to vendors are subject to customary right of recourse provisions prior to their scheduled maturity date. As of December 29, 2012, the Company had $4,170,000 of banker's acceptance drafts subject to recourse, which were transferred to vendors and had not reached their scheduled maturity date. Historically, the banker’s acceptance drafts have settled upon maturity without any claim of recourse against the Company.
 
Purchase Obligations
 
The Company has entered into an unconditional purchase obligation, in the ordinary course of business, for business network services, which includes minimum purchase obligations of $480,000 in 2013 and $600,000 in each of 2014 and 2015.
 
Contingencies
 
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is, at times, required to issue limited performance guarantees, some of which do not require the issuance of letters of credit to customers in support of these guarantees, relating to its equipment and systems. The Company typically limits its liability under these guarantees to amounts that would not exceed the value of the contract. The Company believes that it has adequate reserves for any potential liability in connection with such guarantees.
 
Litigation
 
From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. Such litigation may include claims and counterclaims by and against the Company for breach of contract, canceled contracts, or alleged breaches of warranty and other contract commitments. For legal proceedings in which a loss is probable and estimable, the Company accrues a loss based on the low end of the range of estimated loss when there is no better estimate within the range. If the Company were found to be liable for any of the claims or counterclaims against it, the Company would incur a charge against earnings for amounts in excess of legal accruals.

F-31

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
8.	Restructuring Costs and Other Expense (Income), Net	
 
Other Expense (Income)
 
In 2012, other expense consisted of accelerated depreciation of $307,000 associated with the anticipated disposal of equipment in China related to a facility consolidation.
In 2011, other income consisted of a pre-tax gain of $2,282,000 from the sale of real estate in China. In 2010, the Company sold real estate in the U.S. for cash proceeds of $2,583,000, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $1,033,000 and recognized a curtailment gain on a pension liability of $219,000 associated with the reduction of 25 employees in France.
 
2011 Restructuring Plan
 
The Company recorded restructuring costs of $408,000 in 2011 in its Papermaking Systems segment consisting of severance and associated costs related to the reduction of 73 employees in China to adjust our cost structure and streamline our operations.
 
2009 Restructuring Plan
 
The Company recorded restructuring costs of $3,858,000 in 2009 associated with its 2009 Restructuring Plan, which consisted of severance and associated costs related to the reduction of 133 employees in Europe, China, the U.S., and Canada, all in its Papermaking Systems segment. These actions were taken to further adjust the Company’s cost structure and streamline its operations in response to the weak economic environment. The Company recorded additional restructuring costs of $105,000 in 2010 associated with its 2009 Restructuring Plan.
 
2008 Restructuring Plan
 
The Company recorded total restructuring costs of $4,373,000 in 2008 and 2009 associated with its 2008 Restructuring Plan. These restructuring costs included facility-related costs of $314,000 and severance and associated costs of $4,059,000 related to the reduction of 329 employees in China, North America, Latin America, and Europe, all in its Papermaking Systems segment. The Company took these actions to adjust its cost structure and streamline its operations in response to the weak economic environment at the time. The Company recorded additional restructuring costs of $142,000 in 2010 associated with its 2008 Restructuring Plan.

 
F-32

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
8. 	Restructuring Costs and Other Expense (Income), Net (continued)	
 
A summary of the changes in accrued restructuring costs included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	Severance
Costs	 	 	Other
Costs	 	 	Total
Costs	 	
2011 Restructuring Plan	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at January 1, 2011	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	
Provision	 	 	408	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	408	 	
Balance at December 31, 2011	 	$	408	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	408	 	
Provision reversal	 	 	(67	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	(67	)	
Usage	 	 	(256	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	(256	)	
Currency translation	 	 	3	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	3	 	
Balance at December 29, 2012	 	$	88	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	88	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2009 Restructuring Plan	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at January 2, 2010	 	$	2,302	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	2,302	 	
Provision	 	 	105	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	105	 	
Usage	 	 	(2,233	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	(2,233	)	
Currency translation	 	 	(174	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	(174	)	
Balance at January 1, 2011	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2008 Restructuring Plan	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at January 2, 2010	 	$	1,334	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	1,334	 	
Provision	 	 	71	 	 	 	71	 	 	 	142	 	
Usage	 	 	(989	)	 	 	(71	)	 	 	(1,060	)	
Currency translation	 	 	17	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	17	 	
Balance at January 1, 2011	 	$	433	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	433	 	
Usage	 	 	(94	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	(94	)	
Currency translation	 	 	15	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	15	 	
Balance at December 31, 2011	 	$	354	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	354	 	
Provision reversal	 	 	(8	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	(8	)	
Usage	 	 	(182	)	 	 	–	 	 	 	(182	)	
Currency translation	 	 	2	 	 	 	–	 	 	 	2	 	
Balance at December 29, 2012	 	$	166	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	166	 	
 
The Company expects to pay the remaining accrued restructuring costs from 2013 to 2016.

9. 	Discontinued Operation	
 
In 2005, the Company’s Kadant Composites LLC subsidiary (Composites LLC) sold substantially all of its assets to a third party. Through the sale date of October 21, 2005, Composites LLC offered a standard limited warranty to the owner of its decking and roofing products, limited to repair or replacement of the defective product or a refund of the original purchase price. Under the terms of the asset purchase agreement, Composites LLC retained certain liabilities associated with the operation of the business prior to the sale, including the warranty obligations associated with products manufactured prior to the sale date. Composites LLC retained all of the cash proceeds received from the asset sale and continued to administer and pay warranty claims from the sale proceeds into the third quarter of 2007. On September 30, 2007, Composites LLC announced that it no longer had sufficient funds to honor warranty claims, was unable to pay or process warranty claims, and ceased doing business. All activity related to this business is classified in the results of the discontinued operation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

F-33

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
9. 	Discontinued Operation (continued)	
 
On October 24, 2011, the Company, Composites LLC, and other co-defendants entered into an agreement to settle a nationwide class action lawsuit related to allegedly defective composites decking building products manufactured by Composites LLC between April 2002 and October 2003, which was filed and approved in Connecticut state court. As of December 31, 2011, the Company had accrued $2,577,000 for the estimated payment of claims, which was reduced by $1,574,000 in 2012. In 2012, the Company paid $647,000 with respect to approved claims under the class action settlement. As of December 29, 2012, the Company has accrued $40,000 for the payment of remaining claims under the class action settlement and $339,000 in related costs.
The discontinued operation had pre-tax operating income of $1,194,000 in 2012 and a pre-tax operating loss of $1,520,000 and $66,000 in 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
10. 	Derivatives	
 
Interest Rate Swaps
 
The Company entered into interest rate swap agreements in 2008 and 2006 to hedge its exposure to variable-rate debt and has designated these agreements as cash flow hedges. On February 13, 2008, the Company entered into a swap agreement (2008 Swap Agreement) to hedge the exposure to movements in the three-month LIBOR rate on future outstanding debt. The 2008 Swap Agreement had a five-year term and a $15,000,000 notional value, which decreased to $10,000,000 on December 31, 2010, and to $5,000,000 on December 30, 2011. Under the 2008 Swap Agreement, on a quarterly basis the Company received a three-month LIBOR rate and paid a fixed rate of interest of 3.265% plus the applicable margin. The Company entered into a swap agreement in 2006 (the 2006 Swap Agreement) to convert a portion of the Company’s outstanding debt from a floating to a fixed rate of interest. The swap agreement has the same terms and quarterly payment dates as the corresponding debt, and reduces proportionately in line with the amortization of the debt. Under the 2006 Swap Agreement, the Company receives a three-month LIBOR rate and pays a fixed rate of interest of 5.63% plus an applicable margin. The fair values for these instruments as of December 29, 2012 are included in other liabilities, with an offset to accumulated other comprehensive items (net of tax) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The Company has structured these interest rate swap agreements to be 100% effective, and as a result, there is no current impact to earnings resulting from hedge ineffectiveness. Management believes that any credit risk associated with the swap agreement is remote based on the Company’s financial position and the creditworthiness of the financial institution issuing the swap agreement.
The counterparty to the swap agreement could demand an early termination of the swap agreement if the Company is in default under the 2012 Credit Agreement, or any agreement that amends or replaces the 2012 Credit Agreement in which the counterparty is a member, and the Company is unable to cure the default. An event of default under the 2012 Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and failure to comply with financial covenants, including a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.5 to 1, maximum annual capital expenditures of $25,000,000, and a minimum consolidated interest charge coverage ratio of 3 to 1. As of December 29, 2012, the Company was in compliance with these covenants. The unrealized loss associated with the swap agreements was $1,048,000 as of December 29, 2012, which represents the estimated amount that the Company would pay to the counterparty in the event of an early termination.
 
Forward Currency-Exchange Contracts
 
The Company uses forward currency-exchange contracts primarily to hedge exposures resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Such exposures result primarily from portions of the Company’s operations and assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the businesses conducting the operations or holding the assets and liabilities. The Company typically manages its level of exposure to the risk of currency-exchange fluctuations by hedging a portion of its currency exposures anticipated over the ensuing 12-month period, using forward currency-exchange contracts that have maturities of 12 months or less.
Forward currency-exchange contracts that hedge forecasted accounts receivable or accounts payable are designated as cash flow hedges. The fair values for these instruments are included in other current assets for unrecognized gains and in other current liabilities for unrecognized losses, with an offset in accumulated other comprehensive items (net of tax). For forward currency-exchange contracts that are designated as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item are recognized currently in earnings. The fair values of forward currency-exchange contracts that are not designated as hedges are recorded currently in earnings. The Company recognized a gain of $12,000 and $4,000 in 2012 and 2011, respectively, and a loss of $34,000 in 2010, included in selling, general, and administrative expenses associated with forward currency-exchange contracts that were not designated as hedges. Management believes that any credit risk associated with forward currency-exchange contracts is remote based on the Company’s financial position and the creditworthiness of the financial institutions issuing the contracts.

F-34

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
10.	Derivatives (continued)	
 
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments designated and not designated as hedging instruments, the notional values of the associated derivative contracts, and the location of these instruments in the consolidated balance sheet:
 
 	 	 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
(In thousands)	 	Balance Sheet
Location	 	Asset
(Liability) (a)	 	 	Notional
Amount (b)	 	 	Asset
(Liability) (a)	 	 	Notional
Amount (b)	 	
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Derivatives in an Asset Position:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	Other Current
Assets	 	$	5	 	 	$	269	 	 	$	22	 	 	$	421	 	
Derivatives in a Liability Position:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	Other Current
Liabilities	 	$	(161	)	 	$	3,180	 	 	$	(462	)	 	$	6,635	 	
Interest rate swap agreement	 	Other Current
Liabilities	 	$	(19	)	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	
Interest rate swap agreements	 	Other Long-Term
Liabilities	 	$	(1,029	)	 	$	6,875	 	 	$	(1,401	)	 	$	12,250	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Derivatives in a Asset Position:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	Other Current
Assets	 	$	24	 	 	$	1,013	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	
Derivatives in a Liability Position:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	Other Current
Liabilities	 	$	(12	)	 	$	815	 	 	$	(82	)	 	$	1,775	 	
 
(a)	See Note 11 for the fair value measurements relating to these financial instruments.	

(b)	The total notional amount is indicative of the level of the Company’s derivative activity during 2012 and 2011.	
 
The following table summarizes the activity in accumulated other comprehensive items (OCI) associated with the Company’s derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges as of and for the period ended December 29, 2012:
 
(In thousands)	 	Interest Rate Swap
Agreements	 	 	Forward Currency-
Exchange Contracts	 	 	Total	 	
Unrealized loss, net of tax, at December 31, 2011	 	$	1,166	 	 	$	267	 	 	$	1,433	 	
Loss reclassified to earnings (a)	 	 	(328	)	 	 	(264	)	 	 	(592	)	
Loss recognized in OCI	 	 	101	 	 	 	104	 	 	 	205	 	
Unrealized loss, net of tax, at December 29, 2012	 	$	939	 	 	$	107	 	 	$	1,046	 	
 
(a)	Included in interest expense for interest rate swap agreements and in revenues for forward currency-exchange contracts in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.	
 
As of December 29, 2012, $346,000 of the net unrealized loss included in OCI is expected to be reclassified to earnings over the next twelve months.

F-35

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
11.	Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments	
 
Fair value measurement is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy is established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows:
 
 	•	Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.	

 	•	Level 2—Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly.	

 	•	Level 3—Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own assumptions.	
 
The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 
 	 	Fair Value as of December 29, 2012	 	
(In thousands)	 	Level 1	 	 	Level 2	 	 	Level 3	 	 	Total	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Money market funds and time deposits	 	$	19,768	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	19,768	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	$	–	 	 	$	29	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	29	 	
Banker’s acceptance drafts (a)	 	$	–	 	 	$	9,794	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	9,794	 	
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	$	–	 	 	$	173	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	173	 	
Interest rate swap agreements	 	$	–	 	 	$	1,048	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	1,048	 	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	Fair Value as of December 31, 2011	 	
(In thousands)	 	Level 1	 	 	Level 2	 	 	Level 3	 	 	Total	 	
Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Money market funds and time deposits	 	$	13,983	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	13,983	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	$	–	 	 	$	22	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	22	 	
Banker’s acceptance drafts (a)	 	$	–	 	 	$	16,042	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	16,042	 	
Liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Forward currency-exchange contracts	 	$	–	 	 	$	544	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	544	 	
Interest rate swap agreements	 	$	–	 	 	$	1,401	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	1,401	 	
 
(a)	Included in accounts receivable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.	
 
The Company uses the market approach technique to value its financial assets and liabilities, and there were no changes in valuation techniques during 2012. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value comprise cash equivalents, banker’s acceptance drafts, and derivative instruments used to hedge the Company’s foreign currency and interest rate risks. The Company’s cash equivalents include money market funds and bank deposits which are highly liquid and easily tradable. These investments are valued using inputs observable in active markets for identical securities. The carrying value of banker’s acceptance drafts approximates their fair value due to the short-term nature of the negotiable instrument. The fair values of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements are based on LIBOR yield curves at the reporting date. The fair values of the Company’s forward currency-exchange contracts are based on quoted forward foreign exchange rates at the reporting date. The forward currency-exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements are hedges of either recorded assets or liabilities or anticipated transactions. Changes in values of the underlying hedged assets and liabilities or anticipated transactions are not reflected in the table above.
The carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s debt obligations are as follows:
 
 	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
(In thousands)	 	Carrying
Value	 	 	Fair
Value	 	 	Carrying
Value	 	 	Fair
Value	 	
Long-term debt obligations	 	$	6,250	 	 	$	6,250	 	 	$	11,750	 	 	$	11,750	 	
 
The carrying amounts of long-term debt obligations approximate fair value as the obligations bear variable rates of interest, which adjust quarterly based on prevailing market rates.

F-36

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
12.	Business Segment and Geographical Information	
 
The Company has combined its operating entities into one reportable operating segment, Papermaking Systems, and a separate product line, Fiber-based Products. In classifying operational entities into a particular segment, the Company aggregated businesses with similar economic characteristics, products and services, production processes, customers, and methods of distribution.
The Company’s Papermaking Systems segment develops, manufactures, and markets stock-preparation systems and equipment; fluid-handling systems; and doctoring, cleaning, and filtration systems and related consumables for the pulp and paper industry worldwide. Principal products manufactured by this segment include: custom-engineered systems and equipment for the preparation of wastepaper for conversion into recycled paper; fluid-handling systems used primarily in the dryer section of the papermaking process and during the production of corrugated boxboard, metals, plastics, rubber, textiles, chemicals, and food; doctoring systems and equipment and related consumables important to the efficient operation of paper machines; and cleaning and filtration systems essential for draining, purifying, and recycling process water and cleaning paper machine fabrics and rolls. The Fiber-based Products business produces biodegradable absorbent granules from papermaking byproducts. These granules are primarily used as carriers for agricultural, home lawn and garden, and professional lawn, turf and ornamental applications, as well as for oil and grease absorption.
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Business Segment Information	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues by Product Line:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stock-Preparation	 	$	123,952	 	 	$	131,914	 	 	$	95,542	 	
Doctoring, Cleaning, and Filtration (a)	 	 	104,493	 	 	 	92,333	 	 	 	82,344	 	
Fluid-Handling	 	 	92,581	 	 	 	100,618	 	 	 	83,302	 	
Papermaking Systems	 	$	321,026	 	 	$	324,865	 	 	$	261,188	 	
Fiber-based Products	 	 	10,725	 	 	 	10,595	 	 	 	8,841	 	
 	 	$	331,751	 	 	$	335,460	 	 	$	270,029	 	
Income from Continuing Operations Before Provision for Income Taxes:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems (b)	 	$	48,618	 	 	$	50,869	 	 	$	37,281	 	
Corporate and Fiber-based Products	 	 	(12,174	)	 	 	(12,159	)	 	 	(12,332	)	
Total operating income	 	 	36,444	 	 	 	38,710	 	 	 	24,949	 	
Interest expense, net	 	 	(514	)	 	 	(567	)	 	 	(1,101	)	
 	 	$	35,930	 	 	$	38,143	 	 	$	23,848	 	

F-37

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
12.	Business Segment and Geographical Information (continued)	
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Total Assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	 	$	347,540	 	 	$	340,227	 	 	$	314,929	 	
Corporate and Fiber-based Products (c)	 	 	10,895	 	 	 	16,496	 	 	 	21,442	 	
Total Assets from Continuing Operations	 	 	358,435	 	 	 	356,723	 	 	 	336,371	 	
Total Assets from Discontinued Operation	 	 	513	 	 	 	1,675	 	 	 	401	 	
 	 	$	358,948	 	 	$	358,398	 	 	$	336,772	 	
Depreciation and Amortization:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	 	$	7,903	 	 	$	7,455	 	 	$	6,750	 	
Corporate and Fiber-based Products	 	 	481	 	 	 	481	 	 	 	478	 	
 	 	$	8,384	 	 	$	7,936	 	 	$	7,228	 	
Capital Expenditures:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Papermaking Systems	 	$	3,982	 	 	$	7,751	 	 	$	3,022	 	
Corporate and Fiber-based Products	 	 	268	 	 	 	279	 	 	 	386	 	
 	 	$	4,250	 	 	$	8,030	 	 	$	3,408	 	
Geographical Information	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Revenues (d):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	 	$	128,663	 	 	$	123,614	 	 	$	111,034	 	
China	 	 	53,242	 	 	 	62,615	 	 	 	37,371	 	
Other	 	 	149,846	 	 	 	149,231	 	 	 	121,624	 	
 	 	$	331,751	 	 	$	335,460	 	 	$	270,029	 	
Long-lived Assets (e):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	 	$	13,702	 	 	$	14,578	 	 	$	14,890	 	
China	 	 	15,136	 	 	 	15,789	 	 	 	12,220	 	
Other	 	 	10,330	 	 	 	9,728	 	 	 	9,801	 	
 	 	$	39,168	 	 	$	40,095	 	 	$	36,911	 	
Export Revenues Included in United States Revenues Above (f)	 	$	20,871	 	 	$	16,512	 	 	$	9,881	 	

(a)	Formerly presented separately as doctoring, water-management and other product lines. Prior period amounts have been recast to conform to the current presentation.	

(b)	Includes restructuring costs and other expense (income), net, including costs of $0.3 million in 2012 and income of $1.9 million and $1.0 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively (see Note 8).	

(c)	Primarily includes cash and cash equivalents and property, plant, and equipment.	

(d)	Revenues are attributed to countries based on customer location. Prior period amounts have been recast to conform to the current presentation.	

(e)	Represents property, plant, and equipment, net.	

(f)	In general, export revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars.	

F-38

Table of Contents
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
13.	Earnings per Share	
 
Basic and diluted earnings per share were calculated as follows:
 
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Amounts Attributable to Kadant:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from Continuing Operations	 	$	30,880	 	 	$	33,584	 	 	$	18,409	 	
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operation	 	 	743	 	 	 	(9	)	 	 	98	 	
Net Income	 	$	31,623	 	 	$	33,575	 	 	$	18,507	 	
Basic Weighted Average Shares	 	 	11,456	 	 	 	12,124	 	 	 	12,339	 	
Effect of Stock Options, Restricted Stock Units and Employee Stock Purchase Plan	 	 	134	 	 	 	137	 	 	 	127	 	
Diluted Weighted Average Shares	 	 	11,590	 	 	 	12,261	 	 	 	12,466	 	
Basic Earnings per Share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	 	$	2.70	 	 	$	2.77	 	 	$	1.49	 	
Discontinued Operation	 	$	0.06	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	0.01	 	
Net Income per Basic Share	 	$	2.76	 	 	$	2.77	 	 	$	1.50	 	
Diluted Earnings per Share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	 	$	2.66	 	 	$	2.74	 	 	$	1.48	 	
Discontinued Operation	 	$	0.06	 	 	$	–	 	 	$	–	 	
Net Income per Diluted Share	 	$	2.73	 	 	$	2.74	 	 	$	1.48	 	
 
Options to purchase 150,000 shares, 67,500 shares, and 99,300 shares of common stock were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, because the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price for the common stock and the effect would have been antidilutive. In addition, the dilutive effect of restricted stock units totaling 28,500, 45,700, and 22,100 shares of common stock was not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, as the effect would have been antidilutive or, for unvested performance-based restricted stock units, the performance conditions had not been met as of the end of the reporting periods during the year.
 
14.	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items	
 
Comprehensive income combines net income and other comprehensive items, which represent certain amounts that are reported as components of stockholders’ equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, including foreign currency translation adjustments, deferred losses and unrecognized prior service cost associated with pension and other post-retirement plans, and deferred losses on hedging instruments.
Accumulated other comprehensive items in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet consist of the following:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	 	$	8,124	 	 	$	3,836	 	
Unrecognized Prior Service Cost	 	 	(748	)	 	 	(801	)	
Deferred Loss on Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans	 	 	(9,645	)	 	 	(9,557	)	
Deferred Loss on Hedging Instruments	 	 	(1,046	)	 	 	(1,433	)	
 	 	$	(3,315	)	 	$	(7,955	)	
 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive items to net income are as follows:
 
(In thousands)	 	2012	 	 	2011	 	 	2010	 	
Loss on Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans	 	$	494	 	 	$	347	 	 	$	283	 	
Loss on Hedging Instruments	 	 	592	 	 	 	417	 	 	 	572	 	

F-39

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.	2012 Financial Statements	
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
15.	Unaudited Quarterly Information	
 
2012 (In thousands, except per share amounts)	 	First	 	 	Second	 	 	Third	 	 	Fourth	 	
Revenues	 	$	84,113	 	 	$	82,982	 	 	$	86,601	 	 	$	78,055	 	
Gross Profit	 	 	38,372	 	 	 	36,298	 	 	 	37,596	 	 	 	33,536	 	
Amounts Attributable to Kadant:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from Continuing Operations	 	 	7,114	 	 	 	6,546	 	 	 	7,617	 	 	 	9,603	 	
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operation (a)	 	 	(61	)	 	 	(3	)	 	 	844	 	 	 	(37	)	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	 	$	7,053	 	 	$	6,543	 	 	$	8,461	 	 	$	9,566	 	
Basic Earnings per Share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	 	$	.61	 	 	$	.57	 	 	$	.67	 	 	$	.85	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	 	$	.61	 	 	$	.57	 	 	$	.75	 	 	$	.85	 	
Diluted Earnings per Share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	 	$	.61	 	 	$	.56	 	 	$	.66	 	 	$	.84	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	 	$	.60	 	 	$	.56	 	 	$	.74	 	 	$	.83	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
2011 (In thousands, except per share amounts)	 	First	 	 	Second	 	 	Third	 	 	Fourth	 	
Revenues	 	$	71,680	 	 	$	82,457	 	 	$	84,358	 	 	$	96,965	 	
Gross Profit	 	 	34,093	 	 	 	37,706	 	 	 	36,011	 	 	 	37,403	 	
Amounts Attributable to Kadant:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income from Continuing Operations (b)	 	 	5,795	 	 	 	7,309	 	 	 	9,804	 	 	 	10,676	 	
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operation (c)	 	 	(4	)	 	 	(5	)	 	 	(1,156	)	 	 	1,156	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	 	$	5,791	 	 	$	7,304	 	 	$	8,648	 	 	$	11,832	 	
Basic Earnings per Share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	 	$	.47	 	 	$	.59	 	 	$	.81	 	 	$	.91	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	 	$	.47	 	 	$	.59	 	 	$	.71	 	 	$	1.01	 	
Diluted Earnings per Share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Continuing Operations	 	$	.47	 	 	$	.59	 	 	$	.80	 	 	$	.90	 	
Net Income Attributable to Kadant	 	$	.47	 	 	$	.59	 	 	$	.70	 	 	$	1.00	 	
 
(a)	Includes a $1.5 million reduction to the estimated liability for the claims under the class action lawsuit in the third quarter of 2012.	

(b)	Includes a $2.3 million pre-tax gain on the sale of real estate in the third quarter of 2011.	

 (c)	Includes a $1.2 million warranty and legal provision and a $1.2 million tax benefit in the third and fourth quarters of 2011, respectively.	

16.	Subsequent Event	
 
On February 26, 2013, the Company’s board of directors approved the initiation of a quarterly cash dividend. The first cash dividend of $0.125 per outstanding share of common stock will be paid on May 9, 2013 to stockholders of record on April 11, 2013.

F-40

Table of Contents
 
Kadant Inc.
Schedule II
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(In thousands)
 
Description	 	Balance at
Beginning
of Year	 	 	Provision
Charged to
(Income) Expense	 	 	Accounts
Recovered	 	 	Accounts
Written
Off	 	 	Currency
Translation	 	 	Balance at
End
of Year	 	
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Year Ended December 29, 2012	 	$	2,308	 	 	$	(14	)	 	$	30	 	 	$	(56	)	 	$	38	 	 	$	2,306	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2011	 	$	2,185	 	 	$	1,249	 	 	$	92	 	 	$	(1,213	)	 	$	(5	)	 	$	2,308	 	
Year Ended January 1, 2011	 	$	2,493	 	 	$	455	 	 	$	111	 	 	$	(835	)	 	$	(39	)	 	$	2,185	 	
 
Description	 	Balance at
Beginning
of Year	 	 	Provision
Charged to
(Income)
Expense	 	 	Activity
Charged to
Reserve	 	 	Currency
Translation	 	 	Balance at
End
of Year	 	
Accrued Restructuring Costs (a)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Year Ended December 29, 2012	 	$	762	 	 	$	(75	)	 	$	(438	)	 	$	5	 	 	$	254	 	
Year Ended December 31, 2011	 	$	433	 	 	$	408	 	 	$	(94	)	 	$	15	 	 	$	762	 	
Year Ended January 1, 2011	 	$	3,636	 	 	$	247	 	 	$	(3,293	)	 	$	(157	)	 	$	433	 	

(a)	The nature of the activity in this account is described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.	

F-41

Exhibit 10.8
 
SUMMARY OF NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Cash Compensation
 
Directors of Kadant Inc. (the “company”) who are not employees are paid the following fees for serving on our board of directors:
 
 	·	An annual retainer of $50,000, payable in equal monthly installments.	
 
 	·	An annual retainer for the non-executive chairman of the board of $50,000, payable in equal monthly installments.	
 
 	·	An annual retainer for chairmen of the following committees: audit committee - $8,000; compensation committee - $4,000; nominating and corporate governance committee - $2,500.	
 
 	·	Reimbursement of out-of pocket expenses incurred in attending or participating in meetings of our board of directors or its committees.	
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
Each of our non-employee directors also receives an annual award of 5,000 restricted stock units (“RSUs”), deliverable in shares of common stock upon vesting.  The RSUs vest in installments of 1,250 shares each on the last day of each of the company’s fiscal quarters during the year. In addition, each of the non-employee directors also receives an award of 10,000 RSUs that vests only in the event that a change-in-control of our company occurs prior to the last day of the first quarter of the 2015 fiscal year.  Any awards, to the extent not previously vested, are forfeited if the recipient is no longer a member of our board of directors on the vesting dates for any reason other than a change-in-control of the company. The vesting of all awards accelerates in the event of a change-in-control of the company.  All awards are made under the company’s shareholder-approved equity incentive plans. The terms and conditions governing these awards are stated in the form of restricted stock unit award agreement for non-employee directors filed as exhibits to the company’s annual report on Form 10-K.
 
Stock Ownership Guidelines
 
Under our stock ownership guidelines adopted in March 2011, our directors are required to hold shares of the company’s common stock equivalent in value to three times their annual cash retainer. Compliance with the guidelines is measured annually following the close of the fiscal year, and directors have five years from the later of adoption of our stock ownership guidelines or their appointment as a director to attain compliance.

Exhibit 21
 
Kadant Inc.
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
 
At March 1, 2013, the Registrant owned the following companies:
 
Name	State or Jurisdiction
of
Incorporation	Percent of
Ownership	
 	 	 	
ArcLine Products LLC	New York	100	
Kadant Black Clawson Inc.	Delaware	100	
Kadant Fibergen Inc.	Delaware	100	
Kadant GranTek Inc.	Delaware	100	
Kadant Composites LLC	Delaware	100	
Kadant International Holdings Inc.	Delaware	100	
Kadant Asia Holdings Inc.	Mauritius	100	
Kadant Fiberline (China) Co., Ltd.	China	100	
Kadant Pulp & Paper Equipment (Yanzhou) Co. Ltd.	China	100	
Kadant International Luxembourg SCS (62.3% owned directly by Kadant International Holdings Inc.; and 37.7% owned by Kadant Johnson Inc.)	Luxembourg	100	
Kadant Luxembourg SarL	Luxembourg	100	
Kadant (Cyprus) Limited	Cyprus	100	
Kadant Johnson Europe B.V.	Netherlands	100	
Kadant Canada Corp	Nova Scotia, Canada	100	
Kadant Cyprus (Canada) Limited	Cyprus	100	
Kadant U.K. Holdings Limited	England	100	
Fibertek U.K. Limited	England	100	
Kadant U.K. Limited	England	100	
D.S.T. Pattern Engineering Company Limited	England	100	
Vickerys Limited	England	100	
Winterburn Limited	England	100	
Kadant Mexico LLC	Delaware	100	
Kadant Mexico, S.A. de C.V.	Mexico	100	
Kadant Fiberline Commercial (Beijing) Co., Ltd.	China	100	
Kadant Johnson Deutschland GmbH	Germany	100	
Kadant Johnson France B.V.	Netherlands	100	
Kadant Johnson Scandinavia AB	Sweden	100	
Kadant Johnson Schweiz AG	Switzerland	100	
Kadant Johnson Systems International Ltd.	England	100	
Kadant Johnson Systems International S.r.l.	Italy	100	
Prats Holding SAS	France	100	
Techmo Systems SAS (20% owned by Kadant Johnson Systems International S.r.l.)	France	100	
Johnson Corporation (JoCo) Limited	England	100	
Johnson-Fluiten S.r.l.	Italy	50	

 

 
 
Name	State or Jurisdiction
of
Incorporation	Percent of
Ownership	
 	 	 	
Kadant Lamort SAS	France	100	
Kadant BC Lamort UK Ltd	England	100	
Kadant Cyclotech AB	Sweden	100	
Kadant Lamort AB	Sweden	100	
Kadant Lamort S.A	Spain	100	
Kadant Lamort S.r.l	Italy	100	
Kadant M-Clean Holdings AB	Sweden	100	
Kadant M-Clean AB	Sweden	100	
M-Clean Papertech Investments	Malta	100	
M-Clean Papertech Patent Ltd	Malta	100	
Kadant Johnson Inc	Michigan	100	
Kadant Johnson Argentina S.r.l	Argentina	100	
Kadant Johnson China-TZ Holding Inc.	Michigan	100	
Tengzhou Feixuan Rotary Joint Manufacturing Co., Ltd.	China	100	
Kadant Johnson China-WX Holding Inc.	Michigan	100	
Kadant Johnson (Wuxi) Technology Co., Ltd.	China	100	
Kadant Johnson Latin America Holding Inc.	Michigan	100	
Kadant Johnson Latin America S.A.	Brazil	100	
Kadant Johnson Southeast Asia Pty. Limited.	Australia	100	
Kadant Johnson Australia Pty. Limited	Australia	100	
Kadant Johnson Corporation Asia Pacific Pty. Ltd.	Australia	100	
Kadant Johnson Holdings Inc.	Michigan	100	
The Johnson Corporation Mexico S.A. de C.V	Mexico	100	
Fiberprep Inc. (31.05% of which shares are owned directly by Kadant Lamort)	Delaware	100	

Exhibit 23.1
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements (Forms S-8 Nos. 033-67190, 333-80509, 333-48498, 333-65206, 333-102223, 333-102224, 333-142247, and 333-176371) of Kadant Inc. of our reports dated March 13, 2013, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Kadant Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Kadant Inc., included in the Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 29, 2012.
 
 	/s/ KPMG LLP	
Boston, Massachusetts	 	
March 13, 2013	 	

Exhibit 23.2
 
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements (Forms S-8 Nos. 033-67190, 333-80509, 333-48498, 333-65206, 333-102223, 333-102224, 333-142247, and 333-176371) of Kadant Inc. of our report dated March 14, 2012, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Kadant Inc. as of December 31, 2011 and for each of the two fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2011, included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) as of December 29, 2012.
 
 	/s/ Ernst & Young LLP	
Boston, Massachusetts	 	
March 13, 2013	 	

Exhibit 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION
 
I, Jonathan W. Painter, certify that:
 
1.	I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 29, 2012 of Kadant Inc.;	
 
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
 
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
 
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
 
 	a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
 
 	b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
 
 	c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
 
 	d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
 
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
 
 	a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
 
 	b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	
 
Date: March 13, 2013	/s/ Jonathan W. Painter	
 	Jonathan W. Painter	
 	Chief Executive Officer	

Exhibit 31.2
 
CERTIFICATION
 
I, Thomas M. O’Brien, certify that:
 
1.	I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 29, 2012 of Kadant Inc.;	
 
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
 
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
 
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	
 
 	a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
 
 	b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
 
 	c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
 
 	d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	
 
5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	
 
 	a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
 
 	b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	
 
Date: March 13, 2013	/s/ Thomas M. O’Brien	
 	Thomas M. O’Brien	
 	Chief Financial Officer	

Exhibit 32
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
 
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, the undersigned, Jonathan W. Painter, Chief Executive Officer, and Thomas M. O’Brien, Chief Financial Officer, of Kadant Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), do hereby certify, to our best knowledge and belief, that:
 
The Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 29, 2012 of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in this Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Dated: March 13, 2013	/s/ Jonathan W. Painter	
 	Jonathan W. Painter	
 	Chief Executive Officer	
 	 	
 	/s/ Thomas M. O’Brien	
 	Thomas M. O’Brien	
 	Chief Financial Officer	

This certification accompanies this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.